1、Designation: D3218 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Specification forPolyolefin Monofilaments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3218; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers polyolefin monofilament yarnmaterials, and test methods for standard polyolefin monofila-ments.While designed prim
3、arily for testing standard polyolefinmonofilaments, many of the procedures can be used, with littleor no modification, for other polyolefin monofilaments.However, testing on non-standard polyolefin monofilamentsshould be conducted with caution. See 3.1 for a definition ofstandard polyolefin monofila
4、ment.1.2 Only on condition that interlaboratory precision data areavailable for the specific procedure is any test methoddescribed, or referenced in this specification, recommended foracceptance testing of commercial shipments of polyolefinmonofilaments.1.3 The specification for polyolefin raw mater
5、ials appears inSection 4.1.4 The test methods for individual properties appear in thefollowing sections:Property SectionBreaking Force 10Breaking Tenacity 10Elongation 10Gloss 13Hot Water Shrinkage 14Initial Modulus 10Polyolefin-Material Cleanliness 17Resistance to Ultraviolet Radiation 15Stability
6、to Thermal Oxidation 16Tensile Properties 10Thickness 12Width 11Yarn Number 9NOTE 1In most instances, the suitability of these procedures forpolymeric yarns in general, and polyolefin monofilaments in particular, isalready accepted in commercial transactions (see 6.1).1.5 The values stated in SI uni
7、ts are to be regarded asstandard; the values in English units are provided as informa-tion only and are not exact equivalents.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods described in this specification: This standard mayinvolve hazardous materials, operations, and equipm
8、ent. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.7
9、 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Tr
10、ade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation (Metric) D0374_D0374MD1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and CableD1776 Practice for Conditioning
11、and Testing TextilesD1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-ber) by the Skein MethodD1921 Test Methods for Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) ofPlastic MaterialsD2146 Specification for Propylene Plastic Molding andExtrusion Materials (Withdrawn 1986)3D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properti
12、es of Yarns by theSingle-Strand MethodD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD2259 Test Method for Shrinkage of YarnsD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD4101 Classification System and Basis for Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusi
13、on MaterialsD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns andFibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1973.
14、 Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3218 07(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D3218-07R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pa
15、ge onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally reco
16、gnized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrati
17、onG26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001) (With-drawn 2000)32.2 Other Documents:Federal Test Method Standard No. 141a, Sept. 1, 1965,Section 6000, Method 6101 “60-Degree Specular Gloss”4Techni
18、cal Report 24 “A Rapid Method for the Determi-nation of Moisture in Pigmented Polyethylene CoatingMaterials,” Eastman Chemical Products Inc.53. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:b
19、reaking force, draw ratio, drawing, elongation at break, gloss,heat shrinkage, initial modulus, monofilament, polyolefin,resistance to ultraviolet radiation, polyolefin-materialcleanliness, stability to thermal oxidation, standard polyolefinmonofilament, tape yarn.3.2 For all other terminology relat
20、ed to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Polyolefin-Monofilament Raw Materials4.1 Polyolefin Monofilaments shall be made from eitherpolypropylene as specified in 4.2, or polyethylene as specifiedin 4.3.4.2 Polypropylene shall meet the requirements for Group 1or 2, as detailed in Specification D41
21、01.4.3 Polyethylene shall have a density higher than 940 kg/m3and shall meet the requirements for polyethylene plastics, asdetailed in Specification D1248.4.4 Flow Rate of the polyolefin materials shall be agreedupon by the purchaser and the supplier, and shall be determinedas directed in either Spe
22、cification D1248 or D2146, whicheveris applicable.4.5 Particle SizeShipments of polyolefin raw materialsmay be rated for particle size. When specified, particle sizeshall be determined by the multi-sieve analysis described inMethod A of Test Methods D1921.4.6 Polyolefin-Material CleanlinessAlthough
23、resin clean-liness is not a structural or chemical characteristic, shipmentsmay be advisable to rate shipments for the amount of foreignmatter in, or on, delivered polyolefin raw materials.4.6.1 When specified, polyolefin-material cleanliness shallbe determined by the procedure described in Section
24、17 of thisspecification.4.7 Moisture ContentSome monofilament-extrusion pro-cesses may be sensitive to slight amounts of moisture, inher-ently or otherwise present in the polyolefin raw material. Insuch cases, shipments may be rated for moisture content.4.7.1 Superficial Moisture Content of polyolef
25、in materials,when specified, shall be determined in accordance with theProcedure for Insoluble Solids in Test Method E203.4.7.2 Total Moisture Content, when specified, shall bedetermined in accordance with a method to be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier. The technique illus-trated i
26、n Eastman Technical Report 24,6based on gas chroma-tography of vaporized moisture, is an acceptable analyticalapproach.TEST METHODS5. Summary5.1 Summaries of the various testing procedures are in-cluded in the referenced test methods, or in pertinent sectionsof this specification.6. Significance and
27、 Use6.1 Acceptance TestingThe test methods in SpecificationD3218 for the determination of the properties of polyolefinmonofilaments are considered satisfactory for acceptance test-ing of commercial shipments of polyolefin monofilaments,unless specified in the individual test method. These testmethod
28、s are the best available and are used extensively in thetrade.6.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more)comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistica
29、l assis-tance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous aspossible, drawn from the material from which the disparate testresults were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The test results from the twolaboratories should be compared using a statist
30、ical test forunpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found either its cause must be found andcorrected or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.7. Sampling and Number of Specimens7.1 Take samples as dire
31、cted in the applicable materialspecification, or as agreed upon by the purchaser and thesupplier. In the absence of an applicable material specification,or other agreement, take a lot sample and laboratory samples asdirected in Practice D2258.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement betwee
32、n thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account variability betweenshipping units, between packages, or ends within a shipping unit, andbetween specimens from a single package so as to provide a sampling planwith a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable qualitylevel, and
33、limiting quality level.7.2 The required number of specimens is covered in thereferenced methods, or in the pertinent sections.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from Eastman Chemical Products,
34、Inc., Subsidiary of EastmanKodak Co., P. O. Box 431, Kingsport, TN 37662.6The Gardner Automatic Photometer Unit, Model AUX-3, available fromGardner Laboratory, Inc., P. O. Box 5728 (5221 Landy Lane), Bethesda, MD 20014,or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this method.D3218 07 (2018)28.
35、 Conditioning8.1 Expose the specimens in the standard atmosphere fortesting textiles, as defined in Practice D1776; except that it isnot essential to control humidity.9. Yarn Number9.1 ProcedureDetermine the direct yarn number in tex ordenier to three significant figures as directed in Option 1 ofTe
36、stMethod D1907.9.2 Report:9.2.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSection 9 of Specification D3218. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.9.2.2 Report the direct yarn number in tex, or in denier.10. Tensile Properties10.1 ApparatusTensile testing ma
37、chine of a type as speci-fied in Test Method D2256. All types of tensile machinesdescribed in Test Method D2256 are adequate to test polyolefinmonofilaments with a draw ratio between 5:1 and 7:1. Poly-olefin monofilaments with draw ratios outside this range cannotbe tested with assurance of correct
38、results, by all tensilemachines specified in Test Method D2256.10.2 ProcedureDetermine the breaking force, the break-ing tenacity, and the elongation of adequately conditionedpolyolefin monofilaments, using configuration A, condition 1of Test Method D2256.10.3 Report:10.3.1 State that the specimens
39、were tested as directed inSection 10 of Specification D3218. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.10.3.2 Report the following information for each laboratorysampling unit and for the lot:10.3.2.1 Breaking force,10.3.2.2 Breaking tenacity,10.3.2.3 Elongation at brea
40、k, as a percentage of the nominalgage length, and10.3.2.4 Initial modulus.11. Width11.1 ScopeThis test method covers the measurement ofthe width of polyolefin monofilaments, by means of a cali-brated microscope.11.2 Summary of Test MethodAspecimen is placed on themicroscope stage and is viewed under
41、 a magnification of 25.The width of the specimen is measured using a reticle scaledeyepiece or filar micrometer eyepiece.11.3 Apparatus:11.3.1 Microscope designed for a magnification of 25.With an eyepiece having a calibrated linear grid.11.4 Calibration of ApparatusAdjust the microscope, tosecure t
42、he design magnification of 25, and measure the totaleyepiece scale using a stage micrometer, graduated in microm-eters or mils. Calculate the conversion factor, F, to convert theeyepiece units to mils, using Eq 1:F 5 M/N (1)where:M = stage micrometer readings, in micrometers (mils), andN = correspon
43、ding number of units in the eyepiece grid.11.5 Procedure:11.5.1 Adjust the microscope to the design magnification of25.11.5.2 Place a specimen of the monofilament on the micro-scope stage, and set the scale of the eyepiece perpendicular tothe long axis of the monofilament specimen.11.5.3 Measure the
44、 width of the specimen monofilament, tothe nearest eyepiece division. Repeat the width measurementthree times, on different segments of the same specimen.Record the three width measurements.11.5.4 Test four monofilament specimens.11.6 Calculation:11.6.1 Calculate the average width of the four specim
45、ens, inmicrometers or mils, to three significant digits, using Eq 2:X5 (X!F/12 (2)where:X= average width of the four monofilaments,X = sum of the twelve observed individual measurements,in eyepiece units, andF = conversion factor, as derived in 11.4.11.7 Report:11.7.1 State that the specimens were t
46、ested as directed inSection 11 of Specification D3218. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.11.7.2 Report the average width of the four specimens, inmicrometers or mils.11.8 Precision and Bias:11.8.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen establishe
47、d.11.8.2 BiasThe procedure in Specification D3218 fortesting width has no known bias and is generally used as areference method.12. Thickness12.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofthe thickness of flat polyolefin monofilaments, by a microm-eter.12.2 Procedure:12.2.1 Determine the thic
48、kness of the monofilaments, asdirected in Method C of Test Methods D374. If it is necessaryto test very narrow monofilaments, or round filaments, lay outseveral parallel specimens on the anvil.12.2.2 Measure the thickness of the specimen to the nearest2.5 m (0.1 mil). Repeat the thickness measuremen
49、t threetimes on different segments of the same specimen. Record thethree thickness measurements.12.2.3 Make four tests for a total of 16 observations.12.3 Calculation:12.3.1 Calculate the average thickness of the fourspecimens, in m (mils), to two significant figures.12.4 Report:D3218 07 (2018)312.4.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSection 12 of Specification D3218. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.12.4.2 Report the average thickness of the four specimens.12.5 Precision and BiasThe precision an
