1、Designation: D3203/D3203M 11Standard Test Method forPercent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and OpenBituminous Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3203/D3203M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the percent airvoids in compacted dense and open bituminou
3、s paving mix-tures.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
4、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using CoatedSamplesD2041 Test Method
5、 for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous MixturesD3549 Test Method for Thickness or Height of CompactedBituminous Paving Mixture SpecimensD3666 Specification for Min
6、imum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD4460 Practice for Calculating Precision Limits WhereValues are Calculated from Other Test MethodsD6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using AutomaticVacuum Sealing Meth
7、odD6857 Test Method for Maximum Specific Gravity andDensity of Bituminous Paving Mixtures Using AutomaticVacuum Sealing Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air voidsthe pockets of air between the bitumen-coated aggregate particles in a compacted bituminous pavingmixture.3.1.2 dense bituminous
8、paving mixturesbituminous pav-ing mixtures in which the air voids are less than 10 % whencompacted.3.1.3 open bituminous paving mixturesbituminous pavingmixtures in which the air voids are 10 % or more whencompacted.3.1.3.1 DiscussionFor borderline cases, a bituminouspaving mixture shall be designat
9、ed an open bituminous pavingmixture if the calculated percent air voids, based on either 6.1or 6.2, is 10 % or more.4. Significance and Use4.1 The percent of air voids in a bituminous mixture is usedas one of the criteria in the design methods and for evaluationof the compaction imparted in bitumino
10、us paving projects.NOTE 1The text of this test method references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excludingthose in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of thetest method.NOTE 2The quality of the results produced by this standar
11、d aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Standard Practice D3666 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. User
12、s of this standard are cautioned that compliance withPractice D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliableresults depend on many factors; following the suggestions of PracticeD3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of1This test method is under the jurisdictio
13、n of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 onSpecific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D320
14、3 05. DOI:10.1520/D3203_D3203M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Internation
15、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.evaluating and controlling some of those factors.5. Sampling5.1 Samples for testing shall consist of specimens fromlaboratory molded mixtures or cores from field compactedmixtures.6. Procedure6.1 For dense bitumi
16、nous paving mixtures, determine thebulk specific gravity of the compacted mixture by Test MethodD1188, by Test Method D2726, or by Test Method D6752.6.2 For open bituminous mixtures, determine the density ofa regularly shaped specimen of compacted mixture from its drymass (in grams) and its volume (
17、in cubic centimetres).6.2.1 Obtain the height of the specimens by Test MethodD3549.6.2.2 Measure the diameter of the specimen at four locationsand determine the average.6.2.3 Calculate the volume of the specimen based on theaverage height and diameter measurement.6.2.4 Convert the density to bulk sp
18、ecific gravity by divid-ing by 0.99707 g/cm3or 997 kg/m3, the density of water at25CNOTE 3The density measurements should be converted to the appro-priate SI units before performing the calculation in 6.2.4.6.3 Determine the theoretical maximum specific gravity byTest Method D2041 or by Test Method
19、D6857 on a comparablebituminous mixture to avoid the influence of differences ingradation, asphalt content, etc.6.4 For referee purposes, determine both the bulk specificgravity and the theoretical maximum specific gravity onapproximately equal portions of the same sample of compactedbituminous pavi
20、ng mixture.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the percent air voids in a compacted bitumi-nous paving mixture as follows:Percent air voids 5 100 12bulk sp gr/theoretical maximum sp gr!(1)7.2 If the percent air voids of a specimen tested according to6.1 equals or exceeds 10%, the specimen shall be retesteda
21、ccording to 6.2 as an open bituminous mixture.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The precision of this test method depends on theprecision of test methods for bulk specific gravity and theo-retical maximum specific gravity. It is computed by a proce-dure described in Practice D4460. Since the computation forp
22、ercent air voids in 7.1 involves the quotient of bulk specificgravity divided by the theoretical maximum specific gravity,the quotient formula is used:sx/y5y2sx21 x2sy2y4(2)where:sx/y= standard deviation for determining precision limitsof test results based on the quotient of test resultsfrom Test M
23、ethod D1188, D2726,orD6752, andTest Method D2041 or D6857,x = mean (average) of x standard test results (bulkspecific gravity, Test Method D1188, D2726,orD6752),y = mean (average) of y standard test results (theoreticalmaximum specific gravity, Test Method D2041 orD6857),sx= standard deviation from
24、the precision statement of xstandard test results (bulk specific gravity, TestMethod D1188, D2726,orD6752), andsy= standard deviation from precision statement of ystandard test results (maximum theoretical specificgravity, Test Method D2041 or D6857).8.2 Criteria for judging the acceptability of per
25、cent air voidstest results would be presented in the form:StandardDeviationAcceptable Range ofTwo ResultsOperator Precision sx/y2.8 sx/yAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE CALCULATION OF PRECISIONX1.1 Assume the following precision data:Bulk specific gravity, xAverage Standard Deviation2.4
26、23 0.007Theoretical maximum specific gravity, yAverage Standard Deviation2.523 0.004Then using the equation in 8.1:sx/y52.523!20.007!21 2.423!20.004!22.523!45 0.00316 (X1.1)This value is in terms of air voids; therefore it should bemultiplied by 100 to convert it into percentage. Therefore:sx/y5 0.0
27、0316100! 5 0.32 % (X1.2)D3203/D3203M 112ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
28、 riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
29、 this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldm
30、ake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3203/D3203M 113
