1、Designation: D3180 12Standard Practice forCalculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined toDifferent Bases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice lists formulas that allow analytical data tobe expressed in various bases in common use. Such bases ar
3、e:as received, dry, equilibrium moisture, dry ash free, and others.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applica
4、bility ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D388 Classification of Coals by RankD1412 Test Method for Equilibrium Moisture of Coal at 96to 97 Percent Relative Humidity and 30CD2013 Practic
5、e for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and CokeD3174 Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coaland Coke from CoalD3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in CoalD7582 Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal andCoke by Macro Therm
6、ogravimetric Analysis3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 as-determined basisanalytical data obtained fromthe analysis sample of coal or coke after conditioning andpreparation to No. 60 (250-m) sieve in accordance withPractice D2013 and Test Method D3302. As-determined datarepresents the numerical va
7、lues obtained at the particularmoisture level in the sample at the time of analysis. Thesevalues are normally converted, according to formulae con-tained herein, to conventional reporting bases.3.1.2 as-received basisanalytical data calculated to themoisture condition of the sample as it arrived at
8、the laboratoryand before any processing or conditioning. If the sample hasbeen maintained in a sealed state so that there has been no gainor loss, the as-received basis is equivalent to the moisture basisas sampled.3.1.3 dry basisdata calculated to a theoretical base of nomoisture associated with th
9、e sample. The numerical value asestablished by Test Methods D3173 or D7582 is used forconverting the as-determined data to a dry basis.3.1.4 dry, ash-free basisdata calculated to a theoreticalbase of no moisture or ash associated with the sample.Numerical values as established by Test Methods D3173,
10、D3174,or,D7582 are used for converting the as-determineddata to a moisture- and ash-free basis.3.1.5 equilibrium moisture basedata calculated to themoisture level established as the equilibrium moisture. Nu-merical values as established by Test Method D1412 are usedfor the calculation.4. Significanc
11、e and Use4.1 The calculations of analytical data for the coal and coketest parameters listed in Section 6, assume the analysis samplehas been prepared according to Practice D2013 and TestMethod D3302.4.2 This practice provides formulas, to enable calculationsof data from the as-determined analysis s
12、ample to variousmoisture bases, in common use by the coal and coke industry.5. Applicable Parameters and Symbols Used5.1 The calculation procedures defined in 6.1.3 and 6.2.2 areapplicable to the following analysis parameters when ex-pressed as weight percent, g/g (trace elements) or Btu/lb(gross ca
13、lorific value):AshCarbonCarbon dioxideChlorineCalorific value (gross)Fixed carbonMajor, minor and trace elementsNitrogen1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal andCoke and is the direct responsibility of D05.21 on Methods of Analysis.Current edition approved April 1, 2
14、012. Published June 2012. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3180 07. DOI:10.1520/D3180-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information
15、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.SulfurSulfur forms (namely, pyritic, sulfate, organic)Volatile matter5.2 The symbols used in this practice:A = ash; wei
16、ght %M = moisture, weight %P = any analysis parameter listed in 5.1, weight %(except gross calorific value is Btu/lb)ADL = air-dry loss, weight % of as-received sample. SeeTest Method D3302H = hydrogen, weight %Ox = oxygen, weight %5.3 Subscripts used in this practice:ad = as-determinedar = as-recei
17、vedd = drydaf = dry, ash-free (equivalent to moisture and ash free,maf)6. Methods for Calculating Data6.1 Converting from the analysis sample basis to the as-received basis (Note 1):6.1.1 Moisture:Mar5FMad3100 2 ADL100G1 ADL (1)ADL 5 100 3 1 100 Mar! / 100 Mad!# (2)6.1.2 Hydrogen and OxygenInasmuch
18、as hydrogen andoxygen values may be reported on the basis of containing ornot containing the hydrogen and oxygen in water (moisture)associated with the sample, alternative conversion proceduresare defined as follows:6.1.2.1 H and Ox reported include H and Ox in water:Har5FHad2 0.1119Mad! 3100 2 Mar1
19、00 2 MadG1 0.1119Mar(3)Oxar5FOxad2 0.8881Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 MadG1 0.8881Mar(4)6.1.2.2 H and Ox reported do not include H and Ox inwater:Har5 Had2 0.1119Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(5)Oxar5 Oxad2 0.8881Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(6)6.1.3 Other ParametersThe equation below is applicableto all parameters, P
20、, listed in 5.1:Par5 Pad3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(7)NOTE 1The equations in 6.1.2 and 6.1.3 may be applied to convertanalysis values from the analysis sample moisture-containing basis to anyother moisture-containing basis (such as equilibrium capacity moisturebasis) by substituting the desired moisture val
21、ue for Marin the equations.6.2 Converting from the analysis sample basis to the drybasis (Note 2):6.2.1 Hydrogen and Oxygen:Hd5 Had2 0.1119Mad! 3100100 2 Mad(8)Oxd5 Oxad2 0.8881Mad! 3100100 2 Mad(9)6.2.2 Other ParametersThe equation below is applicableto all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Pd5 Pad31001
22、00 2 Mad(10)NOTE 2The equations in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 may be applied to convertanalysis values from any moisture-containing basis to the dry basis bysubstituting the appropriate moisture value for Madin the equations. If Hand Ox values reported on the moisture-containing basis do not include Hand Ox in
23、 the moisture (as illustrated in the last column of Table 3), theequation in 6.2.2 is applicable.6.3 For converting data from the as-determined basis to thedry or moist, mineral matter-free basis, see procedures inClassification D388.TABLE 1 Conversion Formula ChartGivenWantedAs-Determined (ad) As-R
24、eceived (ar) Dry (d) Dry Ash-free (daf)As-Determined (ad) 100 2 Mar100 2 Mad100100 2 Mad100100 2 Mad2 AadAs-Received (ar) 100 2 Mad100 2 Mar100100 2 Mar100100 2 Mar2 AarDry (d) 100 2 Mad100100 2 Mar100100100 2 AdDry Ash-free (daf) 100 2 Mad2 Aad100100 2 Mar2 Aar100100 2 Ad100TABLE 2 Proximate Analys
25、isSample CoalAnalysisAsDeterminedBasisDryBasisAsReceivedBasisMoisture, % 8.23 . 23.24Ash, % 4.46 4.86 3.73Volatile, % 40.05 43.64 33.50Fixed carbon, % 47.26 51.50 39.53Total 100.00 100.00 100.00(Air-Dry Loss in accordance with Test Method D3302 = 16.36 %)D3180 1227. Conversion Formula Chart7.1 To co
26、nvert any of the analysis values for the parameterslisted in 5.1 from one basis to another, multiply the given valueby the value shown in the appropriate wanted column in Table1.7.2 The chart is applicable to conversion of hydrogen andoxygen values only when the given values do not include thehydrog
27、en and oxygen in the associated moisture. If the givenhydrogen and oxygen values include the hydrogen and oxygenin associated water, refer to 6.1.2.1 or 6.2.1.8. Sample Calculations8.1 An example of a proximate analysis reported on threedifferent bases is shown in Table 2.8.2 An example of ultimate
28、analysis data tabulated for ahypothetical coal on various bases is shown in Table 3.9. Report9.1 To avoid ambiguity and to provide a means for conver-sion of data to other than the reported basis, it is essential that,except for data reported on a dry basis, an appropriate moisturecontent be given i
29、n the data report.9.2 It is recommended that if hydrogen or oxygen data arereported on the as-received basis (or any other moist basis) afootnote or some other means be employed in the report toindicate whether the values reported do or do not include thehydrogen and oxygen in the moisture associate
30、d with thesample.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
31、 such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for a
32、dditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
33、 the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at
34、the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 3 Ultimate Analysis DataTest ParameterAs-Dete
35、rminedDry BasisAs-Received BasisHydrogen andoxygen include Hand Ox in samplemoisture (Mad)Hydrogen andoxygen include Hand Ox in samplemoisture (Mar)Hydrogen andoxygen do notinclude H and Oxin samplemoisture (Mar)Carbon, weight % 60.08 66.02 46.86 46.86Hydrogen, weight % 5.44 4.87 6.70 3.46Nitrogen,
36、weight % 0.88 0.97 0.69 0.69Sulfur, weight % 0.73 0.80 0.57 0.57Ash, weight % 7.86 8.64 6.13 6.13Oxygen, weight % (by difference) 25.01 18.70 39.05 13.27Total % 100.00 100.00 100.00 70.98Total moisture, weight % (as-received) . . (29.02) 29.02Moisture weight % (sample as-determined) 9.00 . . Total % 100.00(Air-Dry Loss in accordance with Test Method D3302 = 22.00 %)D3180 123
