1、Designation: D 2347 00 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Area of Leather Test Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2347; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the surfacearea of leather test specimens. Unless otherwise specified, thesurfac
3、e to be measured shall be the grain surface or the surfacemost closely adjacent to the grain surface. This test methoddoes not apply to wet blue.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stand
4、ard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and LeatherProducts for Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This
5、 Standard:3.1.1 area of a circular specimenthe average diametersquared and multiplied byp4 and reported to the nearest 1mm2.3.1.2 area of a rectangular specimenthe product of theaverage distance across the width of the grain surface multi-plied by the average distance across the length of the grains
6、urface of the leather specimen to the nearest 1 mm2.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to measure the area ofspecimens before and after they are subjected to various teststhat may effect surface area. Two test procedures wherein suchmeasurements could be used are for the apparen
7、t density ofleather and the resistance of leather to synthetic perspirationsolution.5. Apparatus5.1 Die, of appropriate size for round or rectangular leatherspecimens, having uniform dimensions in the 50 to 80 mmrange. When rigid and thick leathers, such as sole leathers, arebeing measured, a knife
8、may be used to produce the testspecimen provided straight edges are obtained.5.2 Mallet or Clicking Machine.5.3 Rule or Steel Tape, graduated to 1.0 mm.5.4 Caliper, graduated to 1.0 mm (recommended for soleleather).6. Test Specimen6.1 The specimen shall be a circular or rectangular piece ofleather c
9、ut from leather sides or skins that have been condi-tioned in accordance with Practice D 1610 for48hinanatmosphere maintained at 73.4 6 1.8F (23 6 1C) and 50 64 % relative humidity.6.2 The specimens used in this test method generally rangein area from 1500 to 10 000 mm2.6.3 Do not die out or cut spe
10、cimens from areas that showsurface defects such as indentations, creases, or cuts.7. Procedure7.1 Place the specimen with the grain side up on a flatsurface and spread it out without pulling or stretching. Using arule or steel tape for flexible leathers and a caliper for soleleathers, make three mea
11、surements equally spaced along thewidth and three measurements along the length of the specimento the nearest 1.0 mm.7.2 Measure the diameter of the specimen by placing a ruleor steel tape across its widest girth and note the length on therule or tape extending over the specimen. Repeat this measure
12、-ment four times at radii approximately 45 to each other andaverage the results to obtain the diameter.8. Calculation and Report8.1 Multiply the average value obtained for the length bythe average value obtained for the width to determine the areaof the specimen.8.2 Calculate the area of circular te
13、st specimens as follows:A 5 1/4 p D2(1)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical PropertiesGeneral.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previo
14、us edition approved in 2000 as D 2347 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Inte
15、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.where:A = area (mm2), andD = average diameter, mm.8.3 Report area to the nearest 1 mm2.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The following criteria may be used to judge the accept-ability of the results if at least 15
16、units have been tested.9.1.1 Results by the same operator on duplicate specimen,same skin, should not be considered suspect unless the coef-ficient of variation exceeds 2 %.9.1.2 Results of two laboratories on duplicate specimens,same skin, should not be considered suspect unless the coef-ficient of
17、 variation exceeds 2 %.9.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias can be madesince the true value of area of leather test specimens cannot beestablished by an accepted reference method.10. Keywords10.1 area change; leather; measuring areaASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
18、any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to r
19、evision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Yo
20、ur comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is cop
21、yrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2347 00 (2005)2
