1、Designation: D 722 93 (Reapproved 2002)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forGrease Resistance of Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 722; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers paper and paper products thathave been treated or designed to resist penetration by oi
3、ls orgreases commonly found in foodstuffs. Such papers include butare not limited to greaseproof, glassine, and vegetable parch-ment papers.1.2 This test method provides relative data regarding thedegree of grease resistance for the materials tested based ontime required for penetration of a test sp
4、ecimen by turpentineunder specified laboratory conditions. For paper or paperproducts that are not penetrated under these conditions by theupper arbitrary time limit of the test (1800 s), no relativeinformation is provided.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch
5、-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil
6、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product2D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing2D 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper an
7、d Paper Products2D 5039 Methods for Identification of Wire Side of Paper2E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,with a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a Char-acteristic of a Lot or Process33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer
8、 to Terminology D 1986 or the Dictionary ofPaper.44. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test specimen is placed directly in contact with a pieceof white book paper that is lying horizontally on a laboratorybench or similar support in an environment of specifiedtemperature and relative humidity. Five grams
9、of sand of aspecified particle size are placed in a pile on top of the testspecimen. The sand is then saturated with a known quantity ofturpentine containing a dissolved red dye. The time requiredfor the turpentine to penetrate the test specimen and stain thebook paper red is measured to the nearest
10、 10 s.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method gives a relative indication of the degreeto which paper and products made from paper resist penetra-tion by oils and grease commonly found in foodstuffs. Themeasured penetration times are greatly accelerated under theconditions of the test, in compar
11、ison to the time that might berequired for grease penetration in an actual end-use applicationof the tested material.5.2 While this test method may be used as a preliminary toolto select and predict paper or paper products for an intendedend use, it is not a substitute for actual use tests with them
12、aterial or product of interest.5.3 This test method may also be useful in specificationswhere experience has shown that paper having a particulargrease resistance as measured by this test method is suitable foran intended end use.6. Apparatus6.1 Tube, of any rigid material, 25 mm (1 in.) in insidedi
13、ameter and at least 25 mm (1 in.) in height, the ends of whichhave been smoothed.6.2 Buret, or automatic pipet, calibrated to deliver 1.1 mL ofliquid.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 o
14、n TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1993. Published November 1993. Originallypublished as D 722 43T. Last previous edition D 722 45 (1971). Discontinued1979 and reinstated 1993.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.4Formerly published by Ame
15、rican Paper and Pulp Assoc. (currently API), NewYork, NY.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Sand, Ottawa cement testing sand, screened to pass aNo. 20 and be retained on a No. 30 sieve.6.4 Paper, white coated and cal
16、endered sheets of bookpaper, 104 g/m2(70 lb 25 3 38500) of convenient size.6.5 Timing Device, stopwatch or laboratory timer.6.6 Watch Glass, 7.6 cm diameter.6.7 Scoop, 5-g capacity; check a few weights on an analyti-cal balance to assure the weights are 5.0 6 0.1 g andconsistent.7. Reagents7.1 Turpe
17、ntine, moisture-free and colored to 100 mL of puregum spirits turpentine, sp gr 0.860 to 0.875 at 16C (60F), add5 g of anhydrous calcium chloride and 1.0 g of an oil-solublered dye. Stopper the container, shake well, and let stand for atleast 10 h, shaking occasionally. Then filter through a dry fil
18、terpaper at a temperature of approximately 23C (73F) and storein an airtight bottle.8. Sampling8.1 For acceptance sampling purposes, sample in accor-dance with Practice D 585.8.2 For other testing purposes, the sampling and number oftest specimens depends upon the purpose of the testing.Practice E 1
19、22 is recommended.9. Test Specimen9.1 From each test unit prepare ten square specimens 100mm (4 in.) in each dimension. Determine the wire side of thespecimens where applicable using Methods D 5039. Other-wise, arbitrarily identify the top side of the specimen assampled “top.” Mark each specimen pre
20、pared to identify the“wire side” or “top side.”10. Conditioning10.1 Condition the test specimens in accordance with Prac-tice D 685.11. Procedure11.1 Perform the test in an environment complying withPractice D 685. It has been determined that temperature has asignificant effect on test results.11.2
21、Test not less than ten specimens that have beenconditioned in accordance with Practice D 685. Make five testson specimens with the “wire side” or “top side” facing up, andfive tests with the “wire side” or “top side” facing down.11.3 Place a sheet of book paper on a horizontal, smooth flatsurface. P
22、lace a specimen directly on the book paper towardone corner, such that no portion of the specimen extendsbeyond the sheet of book paper. Place one end of the tube (see6.1) directly in contact with the center of the specimen with thetube extending vertically above the specimen. Place5gofsandin the tu
23、be. Carefully and immediately remove the tube bylifting it straight up. The result will be a pile of sand in thecenter of the specimen.11.4 To the pile of sand add exactly 1.1 mL of coloredturpentine using the buret or automatic pipet. The 1.1 mL willsaturate the pile of sand. Start the timing devic
24、e exactly as thelast of the turpentine leaves the buret or automatic pipet.11.5 At the end of 10 s elapsed time on the timer, gentlyslide the specimen to a new area on the book paper, checkingthe area of book paper from above which the specimen was justmoved for any signs of staining, indicating tha
25、t the turpentinecontaining the red dye has penetrated through the test speci-men. Continue this process after every 10 s until staining isobserved. Cover the pile of turpentine saturated sand with awatch glass for specimens requiring more than 120 s for stainpenetration to be observed. Discontinue t
26、he test at 1800 s evenwhen no staining is observed.11.6 Record the elapsed time between the addition of theturpentine and the first sign of staining of the book paper to thenearest 10 s. When the test is discontinued because it exceeds1800 s, record the result as 1800 + .11.7 It is advisable to make
27、 a few preliminary tests todetermine the approximate elapsed time period for stainpenetration if the grease-resistant properties of the sample arenot known.11.8 With experience, and depending upon the time periodrequired for stain penetration, it may be possible to run severalspecimens sequentially.
28、12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Maximum and minimum value for the “wire side”facing up,12.1.2 Maximum and minimum value for the “wire side”facing down,12.1.3 Average value for the “wire side” facing up,12.1.4 Average value for the “wire side” facing down,12.1.5 Average value f
29、or the sample, and12.1.6 Number of specimens tested.12.2 For any reported average value containing a test resultof 1800 + , include the value of 1800 in the average and followthe average value with the “ + ” sign.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Precision:13.1.1 RepeatabilityThe critical limit between whi
30、ch twovalues obtained within the same laboratory will fall 95 % of thetime is 60 % of the average value for samples having averagevalues in the range from 30 to 300 s, 68 % of the average valuefor samples having average values in the range from 310 and900 s, and is not known for samples having avera
31、ge valuesgreater than 900 s.13.1.2 ReproducibilityThe critical limit between whichtwo values obtained within two different laboratories will fall95 % of the time is 84 % of the average value for sampleshaving average values in the range from 30 to 300 s, 82 % ofthe average value for samples having a
32、verage values in therange from 310 to 900 s, and is not known for samples havingvalues greater than 900 s.13.1.3 These precision values are based on an interlabora-tory study conducted by the Glassine and Greaseproof Divisionof API. They are based on one material in each of three ranges,and involved
33、 four laboratories. For the sample having valuesgreater than 900 s, most values were at the test limit of1800 + s, thus no value for precision was calculated for thehighest range.D 722 93 (2002)213.2 BiasNo statement is made regarding the bias of theprocedure contained in this test method because th
34、e value ofgrease resistance is defined only in terms of this test method.14. Keywords14.1 foodstuffs; glassine paper; greaseproof paper; greaseresistance; paper; paper products; vegetable parchment paperASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in con
35、nection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respon
36、sible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
37、consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 1
38、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 722 93 (2002)3
