1、Designation: D 519 04Standard Test Method forLength of Fiber in Wool Top1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the averagelength and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on amass-biased basis. The method is applicable
3、to all types offibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.NOTE 1The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in TestMethod D 1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wooland in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in TestMethod D 1234, Test Method
4、of Sampling and Testing Staple Length ofGrease Wool.NOTE 2This test method specifically requires length in inches andmass in SI units and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The SI units inparentheses are provided for information only.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concer
5、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1
6、234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Lengthof Grease WoolD 1575 Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in ScouredWool and Card SliverD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and OtherAnimal Fibers by MicroprojectionD 4845 Terminology for Wo
7、ol3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definition of textile terms used in thistest method refer to Terminology D 4845.3.1.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The weight (mass) of fibers, in definite length incre-men
8、ts, is determined for each specimen or group of specimensforming one sample. From the data obtained, the weight-biasedaverage fiber length and the weight-biased distribution iscalculated. A cumulative weight average length frequencycurve may be plotted.5. Significance and Use5.1 Knowledge of the ave
9、rage fiber length and the distribu-tion of fibers is of primary importance to users of top in furtherprocessing.5.2 Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and lengthdistribution may be established by the user based on the type ofyarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.5.3 Tes
10、t Method D 519 for testing wool top for fiber lengthis considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercialshipments since the method has been used extensively in thetrade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of thebetween-laboratory precisions are acceptable.5.3.1 In case of a d
11、ispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if thereis a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance
12、 is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogenous as possible and that arefrom a lot of the type material in question. The test specimensshould then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The a
13、verage results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using Students t-test for unpaired dataand an acceptable probability level chosen by the two partiesbefore testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause mustbe found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier mustagree to interpret
14、future test results in the light of the knownbias.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt.Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originallyapproved in 1938. Last
15、 previous edition approved in 2001 as D 519 90 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website1Copyrigh
16、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(Front View) (Rear View)1Frame. 5Drawing clamp.2Faller bars. 6Depressor.3Side comb. 7Plush board.4Retaining bars. 8Faller bar lifting plate.FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling ApparatusTABLE 1 Form with
17、Recorded Data Showing the Calculation of the Average Fiber Length of Wool, the Standard Deviation, andCoefficient of VariationNOTE 1When using equipment graduated in metric units, use class intervals 10 mm long, and calculate the average and standard deviation to thenearest 0.2 mm.Class Intervals, i
18、n. Mass, g PercentagesCumulative FrequenciesFirst Cumulative,less thanSecond Cumulative,less than6.0 to 6.5 0.014 2.4 100.0 840.15.5 to 6.0 0.010 1.7 97.6 740.15.0 to 5.5 0.013 2.2 95.9 642.54.5 to 5.0 0.018 3.1 93.7 546.64.0 to 4.5 0.038 6.5 90.6 452.93.5 to 4.0 0.051 8.7 84.1 362.33.0 to 3.5 0.062
19、 10.6 75.4 278.22.5 to 3.0 0.072 12.3 64.8 202.82.0 to 2.5 0.079 13.5 52.5 138.01.5 to 2.0 0.080 13.6 39.0 85.51.0 to 1.5 0.065 11.0 25.4 46.50.5 to 1.0 0.045 7.7 14.4 21.10 to 0.5 0.039 6.7 6.7 6.7Totals 0.586 100.0 = ( 840.1 4363.3Divided by ( percentages F1= 8.40 F2= 43.63B = the largest midpoint
20、 value for which a frequency is recorded = 6.25 in.m = the class interval = 0.5 in.Percentage of fibers under 2 in. = 39.0 %.Calculations:X5 B 2 mF12 1! 5 6.25 2 0.58.40 2 1! 5 2.55 in.s 5 m=2F22 F12 F125 0.5 =87.26 2 8.40 2 70.56 5 1.44 in.v 5 100 s/X!5100 31.4/2.6!556.47 %.where:X5 average fiber l
21、ength of wool,s 5 standard deviation, andv 5 coefficient of variation.D5190426. Apparatus6.1 Comb Sorter, which can be used to separate long fibersinto 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) groups and the shorter fibers into0.25-in. (6.4-mm) groups.3The essential parts are shown inFig. 1. The bar or comb intervals are
22、 set at 0.5 in. (12.7 mm)and 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).NOTE 3Essentially, the same facilities can be secured with two Baeror two Zweigle sorters, or two Shirley units.6.1.1 Faller Bars, free of broken, missing, crooked, dull, orcorroded pins ( 2, Fig. 1).6.1.2 Clamp, with jaws that meet straight and flush,
23、andimpart uniform pressure when closed (5, Fig. 1).6.1.3 Depressor, at least as long as the sorter (6, Fig. 1).6.2 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.6.3 Cardboard Cylinder, approximately 3 in. (75 mm) indiameter, 8 in. (200 mm) in length, and having a18-in. (3-mm)wall thickness.7. Sampling7.1 Lo
24、t SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take four lot sampling units (bales or cartons) for each 20 000lb (9000 kg) or fraction thereof.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, draw one section of sliver from the balled top, atleast 1 yd (1 m) in length from each l
25、ot sample unit. Materialshould be taken from the outside of the balled top. Wind thesamples by hand onto cardboard cylinders under a tension ofapproximately 4.9 N and with a twist of approximately fiveturns per metre. These conditions can be produced conve-niently as follows: Clamp a 0.45-kg mass on
26、to one end of thesliver while holding the other end of the sliver in one hand,insert five turns of twist. Wind the sliver onto the cardboardcylinder while maintaining the tension and twist.7.3 SpecimenUse each laboratory sample unit (a sectionof sliver from each lot sample unit) as a separate specim
27、en fora complete test or combine the four laboratory sample units toform a single specimen, if appropriate.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the laboratory sample, still on the cardboardcylinders, from the prevailing atmosphere to moisture equilib-rium in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.8.2 Dete
28、rmine that moisture equilibrium for testing has beenreached as directed in Practice D 1776.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles.9.2 Place the sorter so that the tops of the faller bars arelevel with the operators hand and forearm when bent a
29、t theelbow in a horizontal position. Face the stapling apparatus ( 1,Fig. 1) with side comb (3, Fig. 1) extended and locked at theright side of the sorter as viewed by the operator. Lift andsecure the faller bars (2, Fig. 1) in a horizontal position.9.3 Immediately prior to performing the test, take
30、 one sliverfrom the cardboard cylinder. Holding the sliver under lighttension place it on the pins on the right-hand side in such a waythat approximately 6 in. (150 mm) of sliver extends in front ofthe first faller bar and press down with the depressor (6, Fig. 1).The specimen should be confined to
31、a width of not more than112 in. (38 mm).9.4 Using the hands, take and discard small amounts offibers not to exceed12-in. (12.7-mm) increments from theoverhanging end of the sliver until not more than 114 in. (30mm) extends forward of the front faller bar.9.5 By means of the drawing clamp ( 5, Fig. 1
32、) pull off theprojecting fibers until the over-hanging portion of the sliver issquared and has an edge approximately34 in. (20 mm) forwardof the front faller bar. Discard the fibers removed.9.6 By means of the drawing clamp, grip the fibers acrossthe full width of the sliver to a depth not to exceed
33、116 in. (1.6mm) from the ends of the fibers (Note 4). Pull the fibersstraight out slowly and pass them twice gently through thesmall combing bar. Discard all fibers removed by the smallcombing bar (Note 5).NOTE 4The depth of the clamp on the sliver and the length of thefibers affect the weight of th
34、e wool per draw. The weight per draw with thebite not in excess of116 in. (1.6 mm) should be approximately 25 to 30 mgon an average fine wool top and somewhat higher on coarser wool top.NOTE 5The fibers are passed through the small combing bar toremove loose, broken, short or entangled fibers that a
35、re not grasped by theclamp. This action also helps to maintain the parallel alignment of thefibers.9.7 Place the fibers held in the clamp on the left bank of pinsin the following manner: Starting at the back, pull the tuft offibers forward, across the top of the needles. Depress the fiberslightly wi
36、th the hand to the needle points as the fibers held bythe clamp are drawn forward, the intent being to straighten butnot stretch the fibers.9.8 Release the fibers when the nose of the clamp is exactlyin line with the needle points of the front faller bar. Thelocation at which the fibers are released
37、 is important. If therelease point is not correct, carefully remove and discard theincorrect fiber group and make a replacement draw of fibers.9.9 Press the released fibers down slowly between the pinswith the depressor held level.9.10 By means of the drawing clamp, repeatedly removeand discard the
38、projecting fibers from the overhanging sliverspecimen until the edge is again even.9.11 Repeat the procedure in 9.5-9.10 until a bundle offibers that will weigh from 500 to 1000 mg has been accumu-lated. In order to accumulate the required weight (mass), it maybe necessary to reposition the specimen
39、, repeating the stepsoutlined in 9.3 and 9.4 (Note 6). As draws are placed onto theleft bank of combs, spread the fibers over a width of approxi-mately 2 in. (50 mm).NOTE 6A single test may be made from one to four sliver specimensof a single sample by taking an equal number of draws from each of th
40、esliver specimens to make a composite test.9.12 When the test has been completed to this point, removestraggler fibers or single fibers that protrude past the fringe atthe first bar.3Apparatus meeting these requirements furnished by Alfred Suter Co., PrellPlaza, Orangeburg, NY, has been found satisf
41、actory.D519043NOTE 7The normal fringe at this point of the test is a light fuzz infront of the front row of pins. A heavy fuzz, or no fuzz, indicates improperlay-up, in which case discard the specimen and start a fresh lay-up. Anormal fringe should not exceed116 in. (1.6 mm).9.13 Remove and discard
42、the remaining sliver from the rightbank of the sorter.9.14 Place the removable retaining bars in position with theneedles downward into the fiber bundle and turn the apparatus180. Drop the comb bars one at a time until the longest fibersprotrude. Discard obviously loose fibers.9.15 Determine the dis
43、tance from the front bar to the last barthat has been dropped. Record this distance as the longestclass-interval, which serves as a guide for establishing theclass-intervals for the calculation of the test. All class-intervalsare12 in. (12.7 mm).9.16 Using the drawing clamp, 5, remove in successived
44、raws the fibers projecting from the next bar. Avoid disturbingthe remaining fibers. Do not exert pressure on the next bar withthe clamp. Accumulate all the fibers in the class-interval on aplush board in parallel array. Roll the fibers together and forma loop for weighing.9.17 Lower the next front b
45、ar and repeat 9.16 until all thefibers have been removed in each class-interval. When draw-ings are made at the final14-in. (6.4-mm) increments, pool thefibers from each pair into one class-interval.9.18 Weigh the fibers in each class-interval to the nearest0.1 mg and record the weights on a data sh
46、eet (see Table 1).9.19 If a composite test is not made, repeat the aboveprocedure with the other three specimens to secure individualresults.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the average fiber length, the standard devia-tion, and the coefficient of variation as outlined in Table 1.10.2 Plot the cumulati
47、ve frequency curve from the data as inFig. 2, locating the points on the graph at the upper cellboundaries, Table 1.NOTE 8For further information on plotting frequency curves, seeASTM Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis.411. Report11.1 State that the test was performed as direc
48、ted in ASTMTest Method D 519. Describe the material or product sampledand the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Average length to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.2 mm),11.2.2 Standard deviation of the fiber length to the nearest0.01 in. (0.2 mm),11.2.3 Coefficient of varia
49、tion of the fiber length in percent,11.2.4 Percentage of fibers under 1 in. (25.4 mm) and11.2.5 Cumulative length frequency curve (Fig. 2).12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory test carried out in 1964with twelve U.S. and European laboratories participating witha total of 72 tests on three tops having an average fiber lengthof 2.5 in. (63 mm), 3.0 in. (76 mm), and 3.25 in. (82 mm)showed a between-laboratories range of average length of 0.2in. (5.0 mm). The maximum difference between duplicate testsin the same laboratory was 0.0
