1、Designation: D476 13Standard Classification forDry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This classification describes seven types of dry pigmen-tary t
3、itanium dioxide products, grouped by composition, typi-cal end use application, and some performance properties.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D34 Guide for Chemica
4、l Analysis of White PigmentsD153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of PigmentsD185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and OtherMatter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in PigmentsD1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Tita-nium Pigme
5、ntsD2448 Test Method for Water-Soluble Salts in Pigments byMeasuring the Specific Resistance of the Leachate of thePigmentD3720 Test Method for Ratio of Anatase to Rutile inTitanium Dioxide Pigments by X-Ray Diffraction3. Significance and Use3.1 This classification is given as an aid in determining
6、thefitness for use of a titanium dioxide pigment for a coatingapplication. It is limited to dry, hiding pigments. It excludespigment dispersions, and non-hiding specialty titanium dioxideproducts.4. Basis for Classification4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments can differ in many ways,including composition a
7、nd performance. This classificationoutlines differences between pigment types that should beconsidered when selecting a product for a coating application.A minimum number of properties are given to highlight majordifferences, while allowing maximum flexibility.5. Composition and Properties5.1 Titani
8、um Dioxide Pigments, should conform to therequirements for composition prescribed in Table 1. They arechemically prepared pigments consisting of anatase or rutiletitanium dioxide with or without modifications with water-insoluble oxides of aluminum, silicon, zinc, etc., or otheragents; these reagent
9、 materials are introduced specifically toimprove those properties for which the pigment is used. Thetitanium dioxide pigments shall be free of extenders such asbarium sulfate, clay, magnesium silicate, whiting, etc.5.2 The desired properties of the pigment, other than asherein indicated, shall be su
10、bject to agreement between thepurchaser and the seller and shall be based on a satisfactorymatch between the submitted pigment sample and a previouslyagreed upon reference sample (see 6.1.6).6. Test Methods6.1 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the follow-ing test methods. Test procedures n
11、ot covered by ASTM testmethods shall be mutually agreed upon between the purchaserand the seller.6.1.1 Chemical AnalysisGuide D34 or Test MethodsD1394.6.1.2 Specific GravityTest Methods D153.6.1.3 Coarse ParticlesTest Methods D185.6.1.4 MoistureTest Methods D280.6.1.5 Matter Soluble in Water, Specif
12、ic ResistanceTestMethod D2448. The measured specific resistance of the aque-ous leachage from the pigment is an index of the level ofwater-soluble salts.6.1.6 Chalking ResistanceIt is recommended that pur-chaser and seller agree upon standards and methods of testsuitable for their requirements (see
13、5.2). Comparison in a goodquality exterior air-dry alkyd enamel (trade sales or industrial)and exposure in Florida at 45 facing south are recommended.Chalking differences are minimized by less durable vehicles,while required exposure times are prolonged by more durable1This classification is under t
14、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2
15、011 as D476 00 (2011). DOI:10.1520/D0476-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM In
16、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE1ClassificationofDry,PigmentaryTitaniumDioxidePigmentsTypicalPropertiesClassificationTypeIIIIIIIVVVIVIIASTMStandardsCrystaltypeanataseArutilerutilerutilerutilerutilerutileD3720Chalkingresistance,rel
17、ativefreechalkinglow-mediummediumhighhighmedium-highmedium-highTypicalenduseapplication(s)whiteexteriorhousepaintandinterioruseslow-medium%PVChigh%PVCexteriorcoatingsrequiringexcellentdurabilityexteriorcoatingsrequiringexcellentdurabilitywithhighglossint-extcoatingsmedium-high%PVCint-extcoatingslow-
18、high%PVCTitaniumdioxide(TiO2)content,min.,%94928080909092D1394Specificresistance,min,5000500030003000300050005000D2448Moisturecontentaspacked,max,%0.70.71.51.510.70.7D280Specificgravity3.84.04.04.33.64.33.64.33.64.33.64.34.04.3D15345-mscreenresidue,max,%0.10.10.10.10.10.10.1D185AIdentificationofanat
19、aseorrutileormixturesthereofismadebyX-rayanalysis(TestMethodD3720).D476 132vehicles. Once the reference sample agreed upon between thepurchaser and seller has qualified, subsequent shipments of thatproduct may be compared with the reference sample by anagreed upon accelerated weathering test.7. Keyw
20、ords7.1 anatase; dioxide pigments; rutile; titanium; white pig-mentsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any
21、 such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are in
22、vited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receive
23、d a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of t
24、his standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D476 133
