1、Designation: D476 00 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Classification forDry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This classification describes seven types of
3、 dry pigmen-tary titanium dioxide products, grouped by composition, typi-cal end use application, and some performance properties.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3
4、4 Guide for Chemical Analysis of White PigmentsD153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of PigmentsD185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and OtherMatter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in PigmentsD1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Wh
5、ite Tita-nium PigmentsD2448 Test Method for Water-Soluble Salts in Pigments byMeasuring the Specific Resistance of the Leachate of thePigmentD3720 Test Method for Ratio of Anatase to Rutile inTitanium Dioxide Pigments by X-Ray Diffraction3. Significance and Use3.1 This classification is given as an
6、aid in determining thefitness for use of a titanium dioxide pigment for a coatingapplication. It is limited to dry, hiding pigments. It excludespigment dispersions, and non-hiding specialty titanium dioxideproducts.4. Basis for Classification4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments can differ in many ways,incl
7、uding composition and performance. This classificationoutlines differences between pigment types that should beconsidered when selecting a product for a coating application.A minimum number of properties are given to highlight majordifferences, while allowing maximum flexibility.5. Composition and P
8、roperties5.1 Titanium Dioxide Pigments, should conform to therequirements for composition prescribed in Table 1. They arechemically prepared pigments consisting of anatase or rutiletitanium dioxide with or without modifications with water-insoluble oxides of aluminum, silicon, zinc, etc., or otherag
9、ents; these reagent materials are introduced specifically toimprove those properties for which the pigment is used. Thetitanium dioxide pigments shall be free of extenders such asbarium sulfate, clay, magnesium silicate, whiting, etc.5.2 The desired properties of the pigment, other than asherein ind
10、icated, shall be subject to agreement between thepurchaser and the seller and shall be based on a satisfactorymatch between the submitted pigment sample and a previouslyagreed upon reference sample (see 6.1.6).6. Test Methods6.1 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with the follow-ing test methods
11、. Test procedures not covered by ASTM testmethods shall be mutually agreed upon between the purchaserand the seller.6.1.1 Chemical AnalysisGuide D34 or Test MethodsD1394.6.1.2 Specific GravityTest Methods D153.6.1.3 Coarse ParticlesTest Methods D185.6.1.4 MoistureTest Methods D280.6.1.5 Matter Solub
12、le in Water, Specific ResistanceTestMethod D2448. The measured specific resistance of the aque-ous leachage from the pigment is an index of the level ofwater-soluble salts.6.1.6 Chalking ResistanceIt is recommended that pur-chaser and seller agree upon standards and methods of testsuitable for their
13、 requirements (see 5.2). Comparison in a goodquality exterior air-dry alkyd enamel (trade sales or industrial)and exposure in Florida at 45 facing south are recommended.Chalking differences are minimized by less durable vehicles,while required exposure times are prolonged by more durablevehicles. On
14、ce the reference sample agreed upon between the1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Publis
15、hed June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D476 00 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/D0476-00R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
16、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Classification of Dry, Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide PigmentsTypical PropertiesClassification Type I II III IV V VI
17、 VIIASTMStandardsCrystal type anataseArutile rutile rutile rutile rutile rutile D3720Chalking resistance, relative free chalking low-medium medium high high medium-high medium-highTypical end use application(s) white exterior housepaint and interior useslow-medium% PVChigh% PVCexterior coatingsrequi
18、ring excellentdurabilityexterior coatingsrequiring excellentdurability withhigh glossint-ext coatingsmedium-high% PVCint-ext coatingslow-high% PVCTitanium dioxide (TiO2) content, min., % 94 92 80 80 90 90 92 D1394Specific resistance, min, V 5000 5000 3000 3000 3000 5000 5000 D2448Moisture content as
19、 packed, min, % 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.5 1 0.7 0.7 D280Specific gravity 3.84.0 4.04.3 3.64.3 3.64.3 3.64.3 3.64.3 4.04.3 D15345-m screen residue, max, % 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 D185AIdentification of anatase or rutile or mixtures thereof is made by X-ray analysis (Test Method D3720).D47600(2011)2purchase
20、r and seller has qualified, subsequent shipments of thatproduct may be compared with the reference sample by anagreed upon accelerated weathering test.7. Keywords7.1 anatase; dioxide pigments; rutile; titanium; whitepigmentsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent r
21、ights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at a
22、ny time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
23、will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
24、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D476 00 (2011)3
