1、Designation: D 2320 98 (Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDensity (Relative Density) of Solid Pitch (PycnometerMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2320; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of density andrelative density by
3、 pycnometer, and can be used for pitch thatcan be handled in fragments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
4、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4296 Practice for Sampling PitchE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves
5、 for TestingPurposes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 densitythe mass per unit of volume at a standard testtemperature.3.1.2 relative densitythe ratio of the mass of a givenvolume of the material at a standard test temperature to that ofan equal volume of water at the same temperature.4. Summary o
6、f Test Method4.1 The sample is weighed and its volume determined bythe mass of water displaced.5. Significance and Use5.1 Values of density and relative density are used forconverting volumes to units of mass as required in otherASTMstandards and in sales transactions.6. Apparatus6.1 Glass Pycnomete
7、r, capacity about 25 mL, with accu-rately fitting glass stopper with a capillary tube 1.0 to 2.0 mmin diameter.6.2 Water Bath, maintained at 25.0 6 0.1C and providedwith mechanical stirring.6.3 Vacuum Pump or Aspirator, capable of producing avacuum of 2.7 kPa (20 torr).NOTE 120 torr = 20 mm Hg = 2.6
8、6 kPa.6.4 Manometer, suitable for measuring the specifiedvacuum.6.5 Vacuum Desiccator with Guard.6.6 Sieves, U.S. Standard 2.36-mm (No. 8) and 600-m (No.30) conforming to Specification E11.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Wetting Agent, 0.1 g/mL Aerosol OT.7.2 Wetting Agent, 0.1 g/mL BRU 35 (Alyoxyethyl
9、enedodecyl ether, detergent.8. Bulk Sampling8.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordancewith Practice D 4296 and shall be free of foreign substances.Thoroughly mix the sample immediately before removing arepresentative portion for the determination or for dehydration.9. Dehydration9.1 All
10、 bulk samples suspected of having free moisture shallbe air-dried or oven-dried at 50C in a forced-air oven beforeanalyzing.10. Preparation of Test Sample10.1 Crush a 50 to 100-g representative portion of the drypitch until all of it passes through the 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve.Avoid grinding the pitch.
11、 Remove the fines by screeningthrough the 600-m (No. 30) sieve and use the pitch retainedon this sieve as the test sample. If desired, small lumps of pitchmay be used without crushing, provided the lumps pass the2.36-mm sieve and are retained on the 600-m sieve. In eithercase, follow the evacuation
12、steps described in 12.2. In case ofdispute use the crushing method.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition a
13、pproved Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 232098(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inform
14、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.11. Calibration of Pycnometer11.1 Weigh the thoroughly clean, dry, and assembled pyc-nometer to the nearest 0.5 mg
15、 and record the mass.11.2 Fill the pycnometer with freshly boiled distilled waterthat has been cooled to about 20C. Insert the stopper with arotary motion to secure a firm seat, making sure that no air isentrapped, then completely immerse the pycnometer in thewater bath at 25C for a minimum of 30 mi
16、n. Remove andwipe the filled pycnometer as described in 12.4; then immedi-ately weigh to the nearest 0.5 mg. Remove the stopper andrepeat the operations until three successive weighings agreewithin 0.5 mg. Record the average mass of the pycnometerwith water.12. Procedure12.1 Place not less than5goft
17、heprepared crushed or lumpsample in the dry, tared pycnometer and weigh with the stopperto the nearest 0.5 mg. Record the mass. Cover the pitch to adepth of about 10 mm with freshly boiled distilled water cooledto a temperature of about 20C. Add several drops of a stocksolution of Aerosol OT contain
18、ing 0.1 g/mL of solution orother wetting agent.12.2 Place the unstoppered pycnometer in the vacuumdesiccator and evacuate the air at such a rate that no sudden orviolent ebullition occurs. Maintain a pressure in the desiccatorof 2.7 to 3.3 kPa (20 to 25 torr), as measured by the manometer,for at lea
19、st 15 min to remove all entrapped air bubbles. If airbubbles persist, add more wetting agent and continue theprocess until no air bubbles are visible.12.3 Remove the pycnometer from the desiccator and fillwith freshly boiled distilled water that has been cooled to about20C. Insert the stopper with a
20、 rotary motion to secure a firmseat, making sure that no air is entrapped. Then completelyimmerse the pycnometer in the water bath at 25C for aminimum of 30 min.12.4 After 30 min, raise the pycnometer until the top of thestopper is above the water level, then quickly and carefullywipe the water off
21、the flat surface of the stopper, taking care notto remove water from the capillary tube. Remove the pycnom-eter from the bath and dry with a clean, dry cloth or with soft,absorbent paper. Weigh immediately to the nearest 0.5 mg andrecord the mass.13. Calculation13.1 Calculate the relative density of
22、 the pitch as follows:sp gr 5 W32 W1!/W22 W1! 2 W42 W3!#5 W/W 2 W42 W2!# (1)where:W = mass of sample (W3 W1),W1= mass of pycnometer,W2= mass of pycnometer filled with water at 25C,W3= mass of pycnometer with sample, andW4= mass of pycnometer with sample filled with water at25C.13.2 Calculate the den
23、sity of the pitch as follows:Density 5 relative density 3 WT(2)where:relative density = calculation from 13.1, andWT= density of water at test temperature indesired units.Density of Water,3Test Temperature g/cm3kg/m325C 0.9970 997.014. Report14.1 Report the relative density of the pitch to the third
24、decimal place, expressed as specific gravity, 25/25C.14.2 Report the density to the nearest third decimal place ing/cm3and with four significant figures in kg/m3, expressed asdensity at 25C.15. Precision and Bias15.1 The following criteria shall be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 %
25、probability):15.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate values by the same opera-tor shall not be considered suspect unless they differ by morethan the following:Relative density: 0.011Density: 0.007 g/cm3or 7.0 kg/m315.1.2 ReproducibilityThe values reported by each of twolaboratories, representing the arithmeti
26、c average of duplicatedeterminations, shall not be considered suspect unless thereported values differ by more than the following:Relative density: 0.001Density: 0.011 g/cm3or 11.0 kg/m315.1.3 BiasThe procedure for relative density has no biasbecause the value of relative density is defined only in
27、terms ofthis test method.16. Keywords16.1 density; gravity; pitch; pycnometer3Density of water from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 76th ed.,CRC Press, 1995.D 2320 98 (2008)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
28、mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commit
29、tee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a mee
30、ting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
31、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2320 98 (2008)3
