1、Designation: D2197 10D2197 13Standard Test Method forAdhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
3、 adhesion of organic coatings such as paint, varnish, and lacquer whenapplied to smooth, flat (planar) panel surfaces.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of th
4、e safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D609 Practice for Preparation
5、 of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related CoatingProductsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Mic
6、rometersD7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metalsand Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The materials under test are applied at uniform thickness to flat panels, usu
7、ally sheet metal of uniform surface texture.Afterdrying, the adhesion is determined by pushing the panels beneath a rounded stylus or loop that is loaded in increasing amountsuntil the coating is removed from the substrate surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 Coatings to perform satisfactorily must ad
8、here to the substrates on which they are applied. This test method has been founduseful in differentiating the degree of adhesion of coatings to substrates. It is most useful in providing relative ratings for a seriesof coated panels exhibiting significant differences in adhesion.4.2 Studies perform
9、ed in a laboratory using the loop stylus specified in the previous edition showed meaningful adhesion datawere impossible when loads of 10 to 20 kg were required to break the surface of a solvent based coating. The chrome plated loopstylus chattered and skipped across the coating surface when loads
10、of this magnitude were required. Similar meaningless data wereobtained when powder coatings were tested that required more than 10 kg to break the surface. Therefore, testing under theseconditions is not applicable.5. Apparatus5.1 Application Equipment, as described in Practices D823.5.2 Film-Thickn
11、ess Measuring Apparatus, as described in Test Method D1005 or Practice D7091.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Fi
12、lms.Current edition approved July 1, 2010May 15, 2013. Published July 2010May 2013. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 asD2197 98 (2004).D2197 10. DOI: 10.1520/D2197-10.10.1520/D2197-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or conta
13、ctASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been
14、 made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
15、Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 Balanced Beam, Scrape Adhesion Tester (Figs. 1 and 2), consisting of a balanced beam to which is secured a platform forsupporting weights, and a rod at an angle of 45 that holds the
16、scraping loop. The rod shall be set so that the scraping loop contactstest surfaces directly below the weights. The loop shall be 1.6-mm (116-in.) diameter rod, bent into a “U” shape with an outsideradius of 3.25 6 0.05 mm (0.128 6 0.002 in.) and hardened to Rockwell HRC 56 to 58, and shall be a smo
17、oth finish. The loopcan be either chromium plated, nickel plated, or heat treated polished steel, as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.These testers are adjustable to accommodate flat, metallic, and nonmetallic specimens to 12-mm (0.5-in.) thick and 100 to 400 mm(4 to 16 in.) wide a
18、nd long; the specimen should be at least 12-mm (12-in.) wide.6. Preparation of Specimens6.1 Apply the materials under test to panels of the composition and surface condition on which it is desired to determineadhesion. The panel material (6.1.1), surface preparation, thickness, and number of coats s
19、hall be specified or agreed upon by theseller and the purchaser. Apply uniform coatings and air dry or bake under conditions of humidity and temperature mutuallyagreeable to the seller and purchaser. Either mask the panel or remove material after application, so that 13 mm (12 in.) at one endof the
20、panel is uncoated.6.1.1 The surface of the panel must be hard enough that it will not be damaged by the scraping loop. If no panel material isspecified, use 0.8-mm (0.032-in.) cold-rolled carbon steel prepared in accordance with Methods B or C of Practice D609.7. Conditioning and Number of Tests7.1
21、Condition the test panels for at least 48 h at 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, and test in the sameenvironment, or immediately on removal therefrom, unless otherwise specified or agreed by the seller and the purchaser. Test atleast two replicate specimens of each material.8. Pr
22、ocedure8.1 When using the instrument shown in Fig. 1, level the base plate of the apparatus and place it so that the weight holder istoward the operator. This places the beam release on the operators right and allows freedom to move the test specimen manuallyunder the weighted scraping element (loop
23、). Adjust the main bearing support so that the beam is balanced in the horizontal planewhen the loop is just touching the specimen surface.8.2 Raise the beam and lock it. Wipe the loop with clean cloth or chamois. Place a test panel on the sliding platform so thatit may be moved away from the operat
24、or and the uncoated portion is toward the main beam support. Place weights on the weightsupport using an initial amount that is estimated to be appropriate for the particular coating. Carefully lower the beam until theloop rests on the uncoated portion of the test specimen and the full load is appli
25、ed, then slowly (1 to 2 s/in.) push the slidingplatform away from the operator for a distance of at least 75 mm (3 in.). If the coating is removed, continue the testing, usingsuccessively smaller loads (0.5-kg increments) until the coating is not removed. If the coating is not removed by the initial
26、 scrape,continue the testing, using successively larger loads (0.5-kg increments) until the coating is removed or until the maximum loadof 10 kg has been applied. Use a new area of the test surface each time a scrape is made.8.3 When the critical load has been approximately located, repeat the test
27、five times at each of three loadings: above, below,and at the load determined in the first trial.Apply the Use the replicate specimen to apply different loads in random fashion so thatall scrapes at one load arethe same load is not made in succession or on one panel.succession.FIG. 1 Balanced-Beam S
28、crape-Adhesion TesterD2197 1328.3.1 Periodically examine the loop to ensure that the original smooth surface is intact. If the contacting surface is worn, reversethe loop. When both sides are worn, replace with a new loop.8.4 For each applied load, tabulate the number of times the coating was remove
29、d or adhered. The load where the scrape resultschange from mainly adhering to mainly removed, ignoring the first 13 mm (12 in.) of the scratch if the coating was removed, isthe adhesion failure end point.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Load in kilograms at the adhesion failure en
30、d point,9.1.2 Panel material and surface preparation,9.1.3 “U” shape loop surface finish,9.1.4 Dry-film thickness, and9.1.5 Any deviation from the specified procedure.10. Precision10.1 CorrelationThis method was developed when correlation with other methods of assessing adhesion was considered tobe
31、of equal importance to the agreement between results obtained in the same or different laboratories. It was established that whenmaterials differing widely in hardness and adhesion were evaluated by a number of experienced personnel in several laboratories,the adhesion results obtained using this me
32、thod correlated well with those obtained with several other methods.10.2 PrecisionIf sufficient cooperators can be obtained, an interlaboratory study will be conducted to establish precision.10.3 BiasNo information can be provided on the bias of this test method for measuring adhesion because no mat
33、erial havingan accepted reference value is available.11. Keywords11.1 adhesion; balanced-beam scrape adhesion tester ; tester; scrapeASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standar
34、d are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
35、not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which
36、 you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Uni
37、ted States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 2 Balanced Beam Scrape Adhesion and Mar TesterD2197 133
