1、Designation: D 2152 95 (Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forAdequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2152; the number immediately following the designa
2、tion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by a
3、gencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ad-equacy of fusion of extruded rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)pipe and molded fittings as indicated by reaction to immersionin anhydrous acetone.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be reg
4、ardedas the standard except where instruments are calibrated in SIunits.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine t
5、he applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardsstatements are given in Annex A1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing23. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is applicable only for distinguishingbetween inadequat
6、ely fused and adequately fused PVC. Thedifference between thermally degraded and adequately fusedPVC cannot be detected by this test method. Acetone immer-sion is not a substitute for burst, impact, or other physical orchemical tests on PVC pipe or fittings and it, therefore, shallnot be used as the
7、 only test specification for purchasing of PVCpipe and fittings. This test only detects inadequate fusion anddoes not determine the over-all quality of the PVC pipe orfittings.3.2 This test method is useful in determining whetherinadequate fusion contributed to failure of PVC pipe or fittingsin othe
8、r physical or chemical tests, or in service.3.3 This test method is useful in evaluating the adequacy ofPVC fusion obtained in process or materials trials.3.4 This test method determines adequacy of fusion on asingle, relatively small specimen. This test method requires theuse of a hazardous reagent
9、 which must be properly handled anddisposed. Therefore, this test method may not be cost-effectiveto employ as a routine quality control test.4. Apparatus4.1 ContainerEither individual, sealable containers foreach specimen or one large, airtight container capable ofholding several specimens without
10、touching one another.4.2 Hydrometer and CylinderPrecision hydrometer,graduated in thousandths, with a minimum range of 0.780 to0.790 g/mL and a cylinder large enough to immerse thehydrometer.4.3 ThermometerASTM 12C total immersion thermom-eter, range from 20C to 102C accurate to 0.2C, orequivalent.5
11、. Reagent5.1 AcetoneAmerican Chemical Society Reagent Grade,having a maximum density of 0.7857 g/mL at 25C.NOTE 1SeeAnnexA1 for the safety and health precautions to be usedwith acetone.5.2 Prior to conducting the test, check the density of theacetone with a precision hydrometer to determine its dryn
12、ess.If the density of the acetone is greater than 0.7890 g/mL at23C, (corresponding to approximately 1 % water by mass (seeFig. X1.1), use fresh acetone or dry the wet acetone with adrying agent. Recheck the density of the fresh or dried acetonebefore using.NOTE 2Wet acetone can be dried by thorough
13、ly agitating it with atleast 15 g of anhydrous calcium sulfate (CaSO4) for each gram of waterpresent.NOTE 3The presence of water in the acetone reduces its sensitivity todifferences in the degree of fusion of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Itis important to dry the acetone properly and conduct th
14、e test in a sealedcontainer, because acetone rapidly absorbs moisture from the atmosphere.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.25 on VinylBased Pipe.Current edition approved March 15, 1995. Pub
15、lished May 1995. Originallypublished as D 2152 63 T. Last previous edition D 2152 80 (1986)e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 4Round-robin testing between four laboratori
16、es showed thattest results are not significantly altered with up to 2 % water by weight inthe acetone.6. Sampling6.1 Specimens shall be taken from individual pipe sections,fittings, or remnant portions of pipe or fittings. Specimens shallbe taken from locations which are to be evaluated for adequacy
17、of fusion, or immediately adjacent to them.6.2 The number of individual specimens to be tested andtheir locations shall be chosen to be representative of the pipeor fittings being evaluated for adequacy of fusion.7. Test Specimens7.1 Size of SpecimenSpecimen shall be a size that isconvenient to imme
18、rse in the test container but not less than12in. (13 mm) in height. For small diameter pipe, the specimenshall be a complete circumferential section of the pipe. Forlarge diameter pipe, the specimen shall be a full pipe sectionbut it may be cut into smaller pieces to facilitate testing. Smallmolded
19、parts shall be immersed as a single item. For largemolded fittings, the specimen shall be a complete circumfer-ential section which may be cut into segments before beingimmersed. If the pipe or fitting to be evaluated has fractured orfragmented in other tests or in service, specimens of any shapeand
20、 size may be tested.7.2 Specimen PreparationFor pipe having a wall thick-ness greater than 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) the wall thickness shall bereduced by at least one-half its thickness for a minimum ofone-half the height of the specimen at six or more intervalsaround the circumference of one end of the s
21、pecimen. Removalshall be effected by filing, wet sanding, or other means that willminimize localized heating of the surface. It is not necessary toreduce the wall thickness on molded fittings.8. Conditioning8.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition the specimens inairfor1hat236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) prio
22、r to testing. Thespecimens shall not be conditioned in water because of theeffect water has on the acetone. For referee purposes condi-tioning shall be in accordance with Procedure A of PracticeD 618.9. Procedure9.1 Conduct the tests in a Standard Laboratory Atmosphereof 23 6 2C unless otherwise spe
23、cified.9.2 Place sufficient dried acetone into the container toensure complete immersion of the specimen.9.3 Place the test specimen in the acetone, seal the con-tainer, and do not agitate. Allow specimen to stand immersedfor 20 min.9.4 After 20 min, remove the specimen from the containerand inspect
24、 for signs of attack.9.5 Attack is described as a lifting, raising, or removing, orboth, of any material outside surface, inside surface, ormid-wall, of the specimen. Swelling or softening of the testspecimen shall not be considered attack.10. Fusion Criteria10.1 At least 50 % attack of the inside,
25、outside, or mid-wallsurface or at least 10 % attack on more than one surface shallbe considered to be indicative of inadequate fusion.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the PVC compound,11.1.2 Production code number of the pipe or fittings,11.1.3
26、Nominal dimensions of the pipe or fittings,11.1.4 Observations after 20 min immersion shall be re-ported indicating attack or no attack,11.1.5 The area attacked, inside, outside, or mid-wall, andthe estimated percentage of that area attacked, and11.1.6 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 This te
27、st method is subjective, based on operatorjudgement. Therefore a statement on precision and bias is notapplicable.13. Keywords13.1 acetone; fusion; pipe; poly(vinyl chloride); PVCANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. RECOMMENDED SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO BE USED WITH ACETONEA1.1 Safety Requirements:A1.1.1 No
28、source of ignition is to be permitted whereacetone is used.A1.1.2 Dispense acetone only from approved safety con-tainers.A1.1.3 Dispose of used acetone, or acetone-impregnatedcloths only in an approved safety waste receptacle.A1.1.4 Avoid prolonged breathing of acetone. Use acetoneonly in a well ven
29、tilated area.A1.1.5 Use proper eye protection such as chemical-workers goggles or a face shield when handling acetone.A1.1.6 Avoid prolonged exposure to the skin. If prolongedexposure to the skin cannot be avoided, use protective clothing.A1.2 Health Hazards:A1.2.1 Acetone is a mild irritant to eyes
30、, nose and throat butonly minor residual injury will occur if no medical treatment isgiven.D 2152 95 (2003)2A1.2.2 Prolonged or continuous exposure of acetone to theskin may cause acute or chronic dermatitis. Exposed skin areasshould be washed and dried. Consult a physician if a rashdevelops.A1.3 Fi
31、re Hazard:A1.3.1 Acetone is a very flammable liquid having a flashpoint of 18C (0F). Use dry chemical, alcohol foam, orcarbon dioxide to fight a fire. Use water to keep fire-exposedcontainers cool or to wash away or dilute spills which have notignited.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DENSITY OF
32、 ACETONE VERSUS PERCENT WATER AT FOUR TEMPERATURESASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent right
33、s, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for r
34、evision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing y
35、ou shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. X1.1 Density of Acetone versus Percent Water at Four TemperaturesD 2152 95 (2003)3
