1、Designation: D 2057 05Standard Test Method forColorfastness of Zippers to Laundering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of alterationin shade and of staining under conditions similar to thatexperienced in domestic washing
3、 of zipper stringers. This testmethod is applicable to the textile portion of zipper stringersthat utilize tapes made of cotton, linen, or manufacturedorganic fibers, and to combinations thereof.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard
4、. Within the text,the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith this test method.1.3 This standard does no
5、t purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
6、s:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 2050 Terminology Relating to SubassembliesD 2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers toLaunderingD 2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-cleaningD 2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to LightD 2054 Test Method for Colorf
7、astness of Zipper Tapes toCrockingD 2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers toDrycleaningD 2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray(Fog)D 2060 Test Methods for Measuring Zipper DimensionsD 2061 Test Methods for Strength Test for ZippersD 2062 Test Methods for Operability
8、 of ZippersD 3692 Practice for Selection of Zippers for Care-LabeledApparel and Household Furnishings2.2 AATCC Methods:Method 143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile EndProducts after Repeated Home Launderings3Evaluation Procedure 1, AATCC Gray Scale for ColorChange3Evaluation Procedure 3, AATCC
9、 Chromatic TransferenceScale33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.54, Subassemblies,refer to Terminology D 2050.3.2 For all other terminology used in this standard, seeTerminology D 1234. Summary of Test Method4.1 Specimens in contact with a multifiber test cloth arelaundered in home
10、 laundry and drying equipment, with orwithout bleach, under appropriate temperature conditions toproduce the effect of home laundering on zipper color. Thealteration in shade and the degree of staining of the multifibertest cloth are graded by reference to the AATCC Gray Scale orto the AATCC Chromat
11、ic Transference Scale, as appropriate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D 2057 is useful for testing to determine ifthe degree of alteration in shade is satisfactory for the intendedend-use and for determining if unacceptable staining of colorinto adjacent fabric will occur.NOTE 1For guidance i
12、n evaluating the results of this method, refer toPractice D 3692.5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because the method hasbeen used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be
13、-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles;and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassemblies. Themethod was developed in cooperation with the Slide Fastener Association, Inc.Current e
14、dition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2057 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
15、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists andColorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
16、2959, United Sparative tests should be performed to determine if their isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used thatare as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from thematerial from which the disparate test results wer
17、e obtained,and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. Other materials with established testvalues may be used for this purpose. The test results from thetwo laboratories should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, at a probability level chosen pr
18、ior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consider-ation of the known bias.5.3 The method(s) in this standard along with those inD 2051, D 2052, D 2053, D 2054, D 2058, D 2059, D 2060,D 2061, and D 2062 are a
19、 collection of proven zipper testmethods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of zipperswithout the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. Theenumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation ofall zipper properties. Besides those properties measured bymeans of the enumerated test
20、methods there are other proper-ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance ofa zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have notbeen published either because no practical methods have yetbeen developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-tion resulting from existi
21、ng unpublished methods requires anintimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.6. Apparatus6.1 Automatic Washing Machine,4with “normal setting”agitator speed of 179 6 2 spm, washing time of 12 min, spinspeed of 645 6 15 rpm, final spin cycle of 6 min and rinsetemperature less than 29 C (85F).6.2 Autom
22、atic Tumble Dryer,5with controlled exhaust tem-perature that cycles from 61 to 71C (140 to 160F) and acooling period while tumbling 10 min at the end of the dryingcycle.6.3 AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.36.4 Gray Scale for Color Change.37. Reagents and Materials7.1 Multifiber Test Fabric No. 10
23、.67.2 Any household detergent.7.3 Any liquid chlorine household bleach containing 5.25 %sodium hypochlorite.7.4 Any dry, nonchlorine household bleach based on sodiumperborate/sodium carbonate (pH of a 1 % solution should be10.7 to 11.3).8. Sampling8.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing
24、,take at random the number of individual containers from eachshipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-cation or other agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Consider individual containers from each shippingcarton to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 2An adequate speci
25、fication or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenshipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a samplingplan with a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptablequality level, and limiting quality level.8.2 La
26、boratory Sample and Test SpecimensAs a labora-tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippersspecified in Section 9 at random from each container in the lotsample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample andthe test specimens.9. Number of Specimens9.1 Unless otherwise agree
27、d upon, as when specified in anapplicable material specification, take one zipper at randomfrom each individual container selected for sampling.10. Test Specimen10.1 The test specimen shall consist of approximately 7740mm2(12 in.2) of zipper chain. The specimen need not be acontinuous length.10.2 A
28、51-mm (2-in.) square of multifiber test cloth No. 10as specified in AATCC Method 61 shall be sewn or stapled tothe stringer length, with the filling stripes running at rightangles to the stringer length. The multifiber test cloth shall beattached with a single line of stitching or stainless steel st
29、aplesmidway on the stringer width.10.3 Duplicate specimens shall be prepared and held forcomparison in evaluating the results of the test.11. Conditioning11.1 There are no special environmental conditions re-quired.12. Procedure12.1 Test each specimen as directed inAATCC Method 143,Paragraph 8 Proce
30、dure, using the specimens and enoughdummy pieces of undyed cotton sheeting or towels to make a1.8 kg (4 lb) load using no fewer than 10 dummy pieces.12.2 Any domestic household detergent may be used inplace of the AATCC detergent specified as well as the watertemperature and bleach condition from Ta
31、ble 1 of this testmethod as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller. When4A Kenmore Automatic Washer has been accepted as the standard machine.Available from Sears, Roebuck and Co. For model number and address of nearestCommercial Sales Department, write AATCC, P. O. Box 12215, Research TrianglePark
32、, NC 27709. Any other washer that is known to give comparable results may beused.5A Kenmore Electric Dryer has been accepted as the standard. Available fromSears, Roebuck and Co. For model number and address of nearest Commercial SalesDepartment, write to AATCC, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Pa
33、rk, NC 27709.Any other dryer known to give comparable results may be used.6Available from Testfabrics, Inc., P. O. Drawer O, Middlesex, NJ 08846.TABLE 1 Laundering ConditionsMachine Washing Tempera-tures, C (F)Bleach ConditionNo. 1: 416 3 (105 6 5) (a) chlorine bleachNo. 2: 49 6 3 (120 6 5) (b) nonc
34、hlorine bleachNo. 3: 60 6 3 (140 6 5) (c) no bleachD2057052chlorine bleach is used, introduce one cup into the washer inthe manner directed on the bleach container. When nonchlorinebleach is used, introduce it into the washer in the amount andmanner directed on the bleach container.12.3 Dry using Ta
35、ble IV and the Cotton Sturdy Procedure ofAATCC Method 143.NOTE 3It has been found that there is no appreciable difference instaining regardless of which household detergent is used. Because ofdifferences in water hardness, different detergents may affect shadebecause of varying degrees of deposition
36、 from the hard water. However,the depositions would be the same on the entire item into which the zipperwas applied.12.4 Repeat the washing - drying procedure through fouradditional cycles, or as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.13. Evaluation13.1 Grade the textile portion of the specimens fo
37、r changein color to the nearest one half rating unit as directed inAATCC Evaluation Procedure 1.13.2 Grade the degree of staining of each stripe of themultifiber fabric to the nearest one half rating unit as directedin AATCC Evaluation Procedure 3.14. Report14.1 State that the specimens were tested
38、as directed inASTM Test Method D 2057. Describe the material or productsample, the method of sampling used, the test option utilized,the brand name and amount of detergent used, the brand nameand amount of bleach used if nonchlorine bleach is used.14.2 Report the following information:14.2.1 Number
39、of specimens tested,14.2.2 Alteration in shade for each specimen as the notedgrade on the AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change, and14.2.3 Staining for each multifiber stripe specimen as thegrade on the AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.15. Precision and Bias15.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory test and ca
40、lculation ofcomponents of variance was felt to be inappropriate because ofthe restricted and discontinuous rating scales, the non-linearrelationships between the rating scales and color differenceunits, the increased variability in color difference units as thetrue value of the ratings decrease, and
41、 the restriction of the datafor degree of staining to the cotton portion of the multifiber testfabric. Based on these reasons and on general practice in thetrade, a lot or consignment of zippers is generally considered ashaving a rating that is significantly worse than a specified valuewhen a specim
42、en from the lot or consignment has a rating forchange in color that is more than one-half step below thespecified rating on theAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change orfor degree of staining, a rating that is more than one-half stepbelow the specified rating on the AATCC Chromatic Transfer-ence Scale.15.
43、2 BiasNo justifiable statement can be made on the biasof Test Method D 2057 for grading zippers for change in coloror for degree of staining, since the true values of the propertiescannot be established by accepted referee methods.16. Keywords16.1 colorfastness; laundering; zipperASTM International
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46、ressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at
47、 the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D2057053
