1、Designation: D 1176 98 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practice forSampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of EngineCoolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Sc
3、ope1.1 This practice covers information on sampling and pre-paring solutions of engine coolants and antirusts (Notes 1 and2).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are approximateequivalents given for information only.1.3 This standard do
4、es not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1Antirust as referred to in th
5、is practice covers productsintended for use in automotive/light-duty and heavy-duty applications inwhich water is used as the cooling medium.NOTE 2Antirust products are available in liquid and solid form.Solids should be handled as outlined in Annex A1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 11
6、22 Test Method for Density or Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants By TheHydrometerD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 5931 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool-ants by Digital Density Meter3. Significanc
7、e and Use3.1 This practice is used commonly by vehicle service orlaboratory personnel for sampling and preparing aqueoussolutions of engine coolants or antirust for further evaluationand testing.3.2 This practice shall be followed when sampling andpreparing aqueous solutions of products for evaluati
8、on inASTM test methods.3.3 Care must be taken to ensure that a representativesample of product is taken.3.4 This practice describes several different test methods.The methods to be followed should be agreed to by the supplierand the customer.4. Sampling Concentrated Liquid Products4.1 When received,
9、 the material will preferably be in asealed, marked container. Allow the container to stand at roomtemperature (not below 20C) before attempting to obtain asample. The container and its contents shall be shaken wellbefore sampling (see Note 3). Any signs of solution separationshould be noted and app
10、ropriate samples obtained by using adecanting or pipeting technique. Some samples that containmultiple phases may require the use of a separatory funnel toisolate a particular liquid layer or solids.NOTE 3In the case of larger containers such as those with a nominalvolume of 20 or 200 L (5 or 55 gal
11、), the contents should be mixedthoroughly with a stirrer for at least 5 min to ensure a homogeneousmixture. The stirrer should be capable of dispersing any separated solidsand supernatant phases without drawing air into the mixture.4.2 Remove a representative sample by pipeting or siphon-ing.5. Sepa
12、ration of Multiphase Products5.1 If the product contains separated solids or liquids, placea representative sample obtained as described in Section 4 in aseparatory funnel. Stopper the funnel and allow to stand for atleast 16 h. Separate the various phases as follows:5.1.1 Remove settled liquids or
13、solids, if present, by allow-ing them to drain out together with a minimum amount of themajor liquid phase.5.1.2 Then drain the major liquid phase into a suitablecontainer, taking care not to include any supernatant liquidphase.5.1.3 Finally, drain the supernatant phase into a separatecontainer.1Thi
14、s practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 on GlasswarePerformance Tests.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 117
15、6 98(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
16、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.4 If the solids will not drain out from the separatoryfunnel, siphon off the various liquid phases in sequence fromthe top of the funnel.5.1.5 If the solid does not separate from the liquid phase butremains in suspension, separate
17、by passing a representativesample of the product through an appropriate filter paper, usingsuction, and transfer the liquid to a storage container.6. Preparation of Aqueous Solutions6.1 Concentration is generally expressed as the percentageby volume of the product at a specified temperature, usually
18、20C (68F).6.2 Gravimetric Procedure (Weight/Volume %):6.2.1 Determine the relative density of the product at20/20C (68/68F) to the nearest 0.0005 in accordance withTest Method D 1122.6.2.2 Calculate the weight of the product required to givethe volume at 20C (68F).NOTE 4ExampleFor a 30 % solution an
19、d a final volume of 100 mL,a product that has a relative density of 1.0149 at 20/20C (68/68F) wouldrequire that the following amount be weighed:0.30 3 100 3 1.0149 3 0.99715! 5 30.360 g of product (1)where:0.99715 = the density of water at 20C (68F).6.2.3 Weigh the sample in a clean, dry container o
20、n abalance at room temperature. The sample shall be weighed toan accuracy of 60.02 %. Record the weight and transfer thesample to a clean, dry volumetric flask. Care should be takento ensure that all of the sample is transferred from the weightcontainer by rinsing with Specification D 1193, Type IV
21、water(or ASTM corrosive water, if required by the test). Fill to justbelow the mark.6.2.4 Mix the contents of the volumetric flask and bring to20C (68F) by placing the flask in a constant temperature bathset at 20 6 0.1C. Adjust the volume to the mark using thespecified water when the contents have
22、had a chance to cometo temperature. Transfer the solution to the test vessel orstorage container.6.3 Volumetric Procedure (Volume %):6.3.1 For many applications, sufficient accuracy can beobtained by measuring the sample in a graduated cylinder.6.3.1.1 Measure the required volume of engine coolant o
23、rantirust into a graduated cylinder.6.3.1.2 Add water of the type to be used for the test to justbelow the final volume. Mix the solution well. Add enoughwater of the type to be used for the test to bring the contents ofthe graduated cylinder to the final volume and mix well again.The test concentra
24、tion shall be expressed as the ratio of theinitial volume of the product to the final volume of the mixtureof the product and water, both measured at 20C.6.3.2 More accurate concentrations can be prepared by thefollowing procedure:6.3.2.1 Suspend the sample in a constant temperature waterbath set at
25、 20 6 0.1C. Allow 15 to 30 min for the sample toequilibrate to this temperature.6.3.2.2 When the sample has reached bath temperature,transfer the required volume by pipet (see Note 5) to a clean,dry volumetric flask calibrated at 20 6 0.1C.NOTE 5The pipet should be calibrated using the test solution
26、 at 20 60.1C.6.3.2.3 Bring the level in the flask almost to the graduatedmark with the type water to be used for the test. Mix thecontents of the flask by inverting several times, taking care toavoid loss of solution through the stopper. Proceed as directedin 6.2.4.7. Preparation of Test Solutions t
27、hat Contain Solids orLiquid Mixtures, or Both, in the Sample to be Tested7.1 It is difficult to handle and obtain accurate specificgravity measurements on samples containing solids and sepa-rated layers. They are generally handled best by following therecommendation outlined in 4.1.8. Treatment of M
28、ixtures Resulting from Separation ofSecondary Phases on Dilution of Product with Water8.1 If a representative portion of the mixture is desired,proceed as directed in 4.1 before a portion is removed bypipeting or siphoning. Stirring should be continued duringremoval of the sample.8.2 If secondary ph
29、ases are to be separated, proceed asdirected in 5.1.9. Keywords9.1 antirust; aqueous solutions; engine coolant; gravimetricprocedure; sampling; solutions; volumetric procedureD 1176 98 (2008)2ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. HANDLING SOLID ANTIRUSTSA1.1 Antirusts supplied as powder or granules shall
30、besampled by taking portions from various points of the con-tainer. In the case of solids or caked material, the entirepackage shall be broken up, mixed thoroughly, and quartered,if necessary. The sample shall be dried at 100C to a constantweight and stored in a desiccator until used. Samples shall
31、notbe taken from those portions of the inhibitor in which cakinghas been caused by absorption of moisture and carbon dioxidethrough the container.A1.2 Dried samples shall be weighed without delay to anaccuracy of 60.02 %, placed in a volumetric flask, and dilutedto the specified concentration with w
32、hatever water is requiredfor the given test according to the procedure for a liquidproduct.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination
33、 of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdraw
34、n. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your co
35、mments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1176 98 (2008)3
