1、Designation: D1061/D1061M 95 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Specification forAsbestos Lap1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1061/D1061M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was corrected editorially in March 2010.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers asbestos lap, a felted asbestosproduct, having a
3、 minimum of 75 mass % of asbestos fiber.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two sy
4、stems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement product
5、s, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods, Section 12, described in this specification: T
6、hisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. For specific safety ha
7、zard, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1118 Test Method for Magnetic Rating of Asbestos Fiberand Asbestos TextilesD1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of AsbestosTextilesD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProducts3. Terminology3
8、.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification refer to Terminology D123. For asbestos termsrefer to Terminology D2946.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 asbestosa group of impure silicate minerals occur-ring in fibrous form.3.2.2 asbestos fiberthe hydrous magnesium silicate ser-pentine mine
9、ral designated as chrysotile and having the em-pirical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.3.2.3 atmosphere for testing textiles for asbestos, airmaintained at a relative humidity of 50 6 2 % at 21 6 1C.3.2.4 lap, nfor asbestos, a flat compressed form of cardedor otherwise felted asbestos fiber, with or without c
10、arrier fibers.3.2.5 magnetic rating (MR)an empirical value that re-flects the effect of magnetic particles, such as magnetic ironcompounds, in asbestos material as measured by a magneticanalyzer.NOTE 1Magnetic rating is not a quantitative measure of the numberor mass of magnetic particles in the mat
11、erial.4. Classifications4.1 StylesThe style of asbestos lap refers to the physicalconstruction. Two styles are available:4.1.1 Style 1Asingle compressed flat formation of cardedor otherwise felted asbestos fibers, and4.1.2 Style 2A flat parallel assemblage of compressedcarded asbestos slivers.4.2 Gr
12、adesThe grades of asbestos lap are based on themass percentage of asbestos content as stated in Table 1.4.3 Mass per Unit LengthAsbestos lap is normally fur-nished in the following nominal linear densities:g/m lb/100 yd20 450 1070 14100 20150 301This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
13、ommittee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1061 95(2004)
14、1.DOI: 10.1520/D1061_D1061M-95R09E01.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
15、nthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Other linear densities may be furnished as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.4.4 Types:4.4.1 Asbestos lap as made for the electrical industry isfurnished
16、 in three types, classified on the basis of magneticrating determinations (Test Method D1118) as follows:4.4.2 Type II (Magnetic Rating 0.75 Maximum) is intendedonly for special applications where the asbestos is of primaryimportance as electrical insulation used on magnet wire andwhen used primaril
17、y as a dielectric.4.4.3 Type IV (Magnetic Rating 2.00 Maximum) is intendedfor use where the asbestos is of secondary importance aselectrical insulation and where it is applied in combination withother materials of comparably higher dielectric strength, as inthe construction of heat and flame resista
18、nt electrical insulatingwalls over unit conductors of electric cables.4.4.4 Type VI (Magnetic Rating 4.00 Maximum) is intendedfor use where the asbestos is of minor importance as adielectric, as in the construction of filler or heat and flameresistant walls of electric cables or when used as a linin
19、g forcontrol enclosures subject to exposure to electric arcs (arcchutes).5. Ordering Information5.1 State the style, grade, mass per unit length (weight), andquantity required.5.2 If required for electrical insulation, state this require-ment and the type needed.5.3 Dimensions of the finished lap an
20、d the packaging are asagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. See 14.1.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Asbestos lap shall be made from a uniformly carded orotherwise felted blend of fibers.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Asbestos Content The asbestos content of the particu-lar grade shall be wi
21、thin the limits stated in Table 1.7.2 Carrier Fibers The chemical composition of carrierfibers shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.8. Physical Properties8.1 Electromagnetic PropertiesThe magnetic rating of theparticular type of lap shall be within the limits in 4.4 to 4.4.4.8
22、.2 Carrier Fibers The physical properties of the carrierfibers shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations9.1 Mass per Unit LengthThe linear density in grams permetres or pounds per 100 yards shall conform to the limitsstated in Table 2
23、.9.2 WidthThe width of the lap shall be within 6 mm 0.25in. of the width agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.10. Sampling10.1 Take five sample rolls at random from each lot of 700to 900 kg 1500 to 2000 lb or fraction thereof.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 Conditioning Condition all specimens i
24、n the atmo-sphere for testing asbestos textiles (without preconditioning)for a minimum of 4 h, or until the specimen shows noprogressive change in mass of more than 0.1 % after anexposure of 0.5 h.11.2 Number of Specimens:11.2.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified inan applicable materia
25、l specification, take a number of speci-mens such that the user may expect at the 95 % probabilitylevel that the test result is more than 15.0 grains per linear yard1.13 g/m above or below the true average (for the lot).Determine the number of specimens as follows:11.2.2 Reliable Estimate of Standar
26、d DeviationWhenthere is a reliable estimate of standard deviation(s) based uponextensive past records for similar materials tested in the userslaboratory as directed in the method, calculate the number ofspecimens using Eq 1:n 5 t23 s2!/E25 0.0170 3 s2(1)where:n = number of specimens (rounded upward
27、 to awhole number),s = reliable estimate of the standard deviation ofindividual observations on similar materials inthe users laboratory under conditions of single-operator precision,t = 1.960, the value of Students t for infinite degreesof freedom, for two-sided limits, and a 95 %probability level
28、(t2= 3.842),E = 1.13 g/m 21.4 lb/100 yd, the value of theallowable variation, and0.0170 = value calculated from t2/E2.11.3 No Reliable Estimate of Standard DeviationWhenthere is no reliable estimate of standard deviation(s) for theusers laboratory, Eq 1 should not be used directly. Instead,TABLE 1 G
29、rades of Asbestos LapGrade Asbestos Content, mass, %Commercial 75 up to but excluding 80Underwriters 80 up to but excluding 85A 85 up to but excluding 90AA 90 up to but excluding 95AAA 95 up to but excluding 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveTABLE 2 Limits in Mass per Unit Length for Asbestos LapNominalMass
30、 perUnit LengthPermissible Range for 1-m or 1-yd SpecimensAverage of Five Specimens Individual Specimensg/mlb/100ydg/m lb/100 yd g/m lb/100 yd20 4 17.0 to 18.4 3.43 to 3.71 16.0 to 19.5 3.21 to 3.9350 10 50.3 to 56.0 10.14 to 11.29 47.9 to 58.5 9.64 to 11.7970 14 67.4 to 74.4 13.57 to 15.00 63.8 to
31、78.0 12.86 to 15.71100 20 101.0 to 111.7 20.36 to 22.50 95.7 to 117.0 19.29 to 23.57150 30 134.7 to 148.9 27.14 to 30.00 127.6 to 156.0 25.71 to 31.43D1061/D1061M 95 (2009)12specify the fixed number of ten specimens. This number ofspecimens is calculated using s = 1.64 g/m 0.33 lb/100 yd,which is a
32、somewhat larger value of s than is usually found inpractice. When a reliable estimate of s for the users laboratorybecomes available, Eq 1 will usually require fewer than tenspecimens.12. Test Methods12.1 Mass per Unit Length:12.1.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination oflength per unit ma
33、ss (weight) of asbestos lap.12.1.2 Significance and UseThe length per unit mass(weight) is the most significant dimension of asbestos lap. Thisdetermines its suitability with regard to bulk for specificapplications.12.1.3 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.12.1.4 ProcedureFrom each of the five rolls selected asd
34、irected in Section 11,takea16 0.01 m 1 6 0.01-yd testspecimen. Take care that each specimen is not scuffed or torn.Weigh each of the five conditioned specimens to the nearest 0.5g 0.001 lb and calculate the average mass per unit length ofthe five specimens.12.1.5 Precision and Bias:12.1.5.1 SummaryI
35、n comparing two averages of fiveobservations, the differences should not exceed in 95 out of100 cases where all observations are taken by the samewell-trained operator using the same equipment and specimensrandomly drawn from the sample of material. Larger differ-ences are likely to occur under all
36、other circumstances.12.1.5.2 Interlaboratory Test Data4An interlaboratorytest was run in 1973 in which randomly drawn samples of onematerial were tested in each of five laboratories. Each labora-tory used one operator who tested five specimens. The com-ponents of variance for linear density results
37、were calculated tobe as follows:Single-operator component 1.17 g/m 0.236 lb/100 ydBetween-laboratory component 0.00 g/m 0.000 lb/100 yd12.1.5.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance re-ported in 12.1.5.2, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % proba
38、bility levelif the difference equals or exceeds the critical differences listedin Table 3.NOTE 2The tabulated values of the critical differences in Table 3should be considered to be a general statement, particularly with respectto between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement can bemad
39、e about two specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any,between them must be established; with each comparison being based onrecent data obtained on randomized specimens from one sample of thematerials to be tested.12.1.5.4 BiasNo justifiable statement on the accuracy ofthis proced
40、ure can be made since the true value of the propertycannot be established by an accepted referee method.12.2 Electromagnetic PropertiesDetermine the magneticrating on one or more specimens from each lot or unit taken fortest, as directed in Test Method D1118.12.3 Asbestos Content Determine the asbes
41、tos content asdirected in Test Method D1918.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 The purchaser and the seller may agree on a procedureto establish conformance, including control charts furnished bythe seller, a sequential sampling plan, or the double-samplingplan outlined in 13.2.13.2 In the absence of a
42、 control-chart or sequential-sampling plan, proceed as directed in 13.2.1 through 13.2.3.13.2.1 If the test results for the lot conform to the tolerancesfor all characteristics specified in Section 4 to 9, consider thelot a valid delivery.13.2.2 If the test results for one or more characteristics do
43、not conform to the tolerances, take a new laboratory samplefrom either the original lot sample or a new lot sample. Test thenew sample for the characteristic(s) that did not conform to thetolerances in the first test, and average the results of the firstand second samples as if all results were from
44、 one test ofdouble the original number of specimens. If the new average(s)conform(s) to the specified tolerances, consider the lot a validdelivery.13.2.3 If the test results obtained as directed in 13.2.2 do notconform to the specified tolerances, consider the lot a nonvaliddelivery.14. Packaging14.
45、1 Asbestos lap, wound on paper tubes, is packaged inrolls that vary in size in accordance with the number of sliversin the assemblage.15. Keywords15.1 asbestos; asbestos lap; classification; lap; testing4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by request
46、ing Research Report RR:D13-1063.TABLE 3 Precision and ReproducibilityNumber ofObservationsin EachAverageCritical DifferencesAfor the Conditions DescribedSingle-Operator Precision(Repeatability)Interlaboratory(Reproducibility)g/m lb/100 yd g/m lb/100 yd1 3.25 0.653 3.25 0.6532 2.30 0.461 2.30 0.4615
47、1.45 0.293 1.45 0.29310 1.03 0.207 1.03 0.207AThe critical differences were calculated using t = 1.96, which is based oninfinite degrees of freedom.D1061/D1061M 95 (2009)13ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
48、in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and m
49、ust be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receive
