1、Designation: D 1056 07Standard Specification forFlexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded Rubber1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular
3、 rubber prod-ucts known as sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but doesnot apply to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. Thebase material for an open/closed cellular product may be madeof synthetic, natural, or reclaimed rubber, or a mixture, andmay contain other polymers or chemicals, or bo
4、th, which maybe modified by organic or inorganic additives. These elasto-meric materials have properties similar to those of vulcanizedrubber, namely (1) the ability to be converted from a thermo-plastic to a thermosetting state by crosslinking (vulcanization)or (2) the substantial recovery of their
5、 original shapes whenstrained or elongated, or both.1.2 Extruded or molded shapes of sizes too small for cuttingstandard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by thesemethods and will usually require special testing procedures.1.3 In case of conflict between the provisions of this general
6、specification and those of detailed specifications or test meth-ods for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence.Reference to the test methods in this specification shouldspecifically state the particular test or tests desired.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
7、standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portions of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety
8、and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.NOTE 1ISO 6916-1 is similar to this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic Elast
9、omersTensionD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD 832 Practice for Rubber C
10、onditioning For Low Tempera-ture TestingD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1171 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceOzone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Speci-mens)D 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standar
11、d Vulcanized SheetsD 3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Product Piecesfor Test Purposes from Products2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 6916-1 Flexible Cellular Polymeric Materials: Spongeand Expanded Cellular Rubber ProductsSpecificationPart 1 Sheet3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D 883.3.2 Defi
12、nitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cellular materiala generic term for materials con-taining many cells (either open or closed, or both) dispersedthroughout the mass.3.2.2 closed cella product whose cells are totally enclosedby its walls and hence not interconnecting with other cells.1
13、This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials - Plastics and Elastomers.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department ofDefense to replace Methods 12001, 12005, 12011,
14、 12021, 12031, 12041, 12151,and 12411 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 601.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department ofDefense to replace MIL-STD-670 and MIL-STD-C 3133, which were discontinuedin 1986.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Origin
15、allyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1056 - 00.2This version supersedes all prior versions of this specification.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
16、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internatio
17、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 expanded rubbercellular rubber having closed cellsmade from a solid rubber compound.3.2.4 flexible cellular materiala flexible cellular organicpolymeric material that will not rupture within 60 s when aspe
18、cimen 200 by 25 by 25 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent arounda 25-mm (1-in.) diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of 1 lap/5s in the form of a helix at a temperature between 18 and 29C(65 and 85F).3.2.5 open cella product whose cells are not totallyenclosed by its walls and open to the surface, either dir
19、ectly orby interconnecting with other cells.3.2.6 rubbera material that is capable of recovering fromlarge deformations quickly and forcibly, and can be, or alreadyis, modified to a state in which it is essentially insoluble (butcan swell) in boiling solvent (such as benzene, methyl ethylketone, and
20、 ethanol-toluene azeotrope).3.2.6.1 DiscussionA rubber in its modified state, free ofdiluents, retracts within 1 min to less than 1.5 times its originallength after being stretched at room temperature (20 to 27C)to twice its length and held for 1 min before release.3.2.7 skinthe textured outer surfa
21、ce on the materialformed during manufacture by contact with molds, cover plate,air, or other curing medium.3.2.7.1 DiscussionNormally, this skin is formed by con-tact with the mold or cover plates during manufacture. Moldedopen-cell (sponge) parts usually have a skin on all surfaces,except when cut
22、to length from longer strips. Parts made bycutting from open-cell (sponge) sheets usually have skin ontwo faces and open cells at the cut edges. Closed-cell (ex-panded) rubber sheets are frequently split from thicker piecesand consequently do not have the skin faces. On some productsit is desirable
23、to add a solid rubber skin coating. The use towhich the cellular rubber product is to be put determines thethickness of added skin required. Products subject to abrasionor open-cell (sponge) rubber that must withstand absorption ofwater or transmission of gases will ordinarily require anapplied skin
24、 coating. Closed-cell (expanded) rubber does notusually require an added skin for these reasons.3.2.8 sponge rubbercellular rubber consisting predomi-nantly of open cells made from a solid rubber compound.4. Classification (Types, Classes, Grades, and SuffixLetters)4.1 TypesThese specifications cove
25、r two types of cellularrubber designated by the prefix numbers 1 and 2.4.1.1 Type 1Open-cell rubber.4.1.2 Type 2Closed-cell rubber.4.1.3 See Section 3 for definitions of open and closed cell.4.2 ClassesBoth types are divided into four classes des-ignated by the letters A, B, C, and D added to the nu
26、mberprefix. Basic requirements for classes are found in Tables 1 and2.4.2.1 Class ACellular rubber made from synthetic rubber,natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, or rubber-like materials,alone or in combination, where specific resistance to the actionof petroleum base oils is not required.4.2.2 Class
27、BCellular rubber made from synthetic rubberor rubber-like materials alone or in combination, havingspecific requirements for oil resistance with low mass change.4.2.3 Class CCellular rubber made from synthetic rubberor rubber-like materials alone or in combination, havingspecific requirements for oi
28、l resistance with medium masschange.4.2.4 Class DCellular rubber made from synthetic rubberor rubber-like materials alone or in combination having spe-cific requirements for extreme temperature resistance (75 to175C) (103 to 347F); but specific resistance to the action ofpetroleum-base oils is not r
29、equired.4.3 GradesEach type and class has been divided into anumber of different grades. Each grade is based on a specificrange of firmness as expressed by compression-deflection (seeSections 19 to 22). Grades are designated by digit, the softergrades being identified with the lower numbers and the
30、highergrades being identified with the higher numbers.4.3.1 Grade 0For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, acompression-deflection range from 0 to 15 kPa (0 to 2 psi).4.3.2 Grade 1For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, acompression-deflection range from 15 to 35 kPa (2 to 5 psi).4.3.3 Grade 2For Types 1 and
31、2 cellular rubber, acompression-deflection range from 35 to 65 kPa (5 to 9 psi).4.3.4 Grade 3For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, acompression-deflection range from 65 to 90 kPa (9 to 13 psi).4.3.5 Grade 4For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, acompression-deflection range from 90 to 120 kPa (13 to 17psi)
32、.4.3.6 Grade 5For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, acompression-deflection range from 120 to 170 kPa (17 to 25psi).NOTE 2For conversion of types, classes, and grades to previousversions of Specification D 1056, see Appendix X1.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Sponge RubberSponge rubber is made by incor
33、porat-ing into the compound a blowing agent, such as sodiumbicarbonate, that gives off a gas which expands the mass duringthe vulcanization process. Sponge rubber is manufactured insheet, strip, molded, or special shapes. Unless otherwisespecified, sheet and strip sponge rubber shall have a naturals
34、kin on both the top and bottom surfaces. Fabric surfaceimpressions are ordinarily not objectionable. The coarseness ofthe impressions shall be agreed upon between the partiesconcerned.5.2 Expanded RubberClosed-cell rubber is made by in-corporating gas-forming ingredients in the rubber compound,or by
35、 subjecting the compound to high-pressure gas, such asnitrogen. Expanded rubber is manufactured in sheet, strip,molded, tube, cord, and profile shapes by molding or extruding.Unless otherwise specified, the presence of skin on the top orbottom surfaces of sheet and strip expanded rubber shall beopti
36、onal. Extruded shapes have skin on all surfaces except cutends.D1056072TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Cellular Rubbers, Type 1, Open-Cell SpongeBasic RequirementsGrade NumberCompression Deflection, 25 %Deflection (Limits), kPa (psi)Compression Deflection afterOven Aging, Change from OriginalOil-Ag
37、ed 22 h at 70C(158F), Change in Volumein ASTM Oil No. 3 (IRM903) (Limits),%Compression Set, 50 %Deflection, max,%Low-TemperatureFlex, 5 h at55C (67F)168 h at 70C(158F)22 h at 150C(302F)22 h at 70C(158F)22 h at 100C(212F)Class A, Non-oil-Resistant1A0 less than 15 (2) 620A. . 15 . .1A1 15 to 35 (2 to
38、5) 620 . . 15 . .1A2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 620 . . 15 . .1A3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 620 . . 15 . .1A4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 620 . . 15 . .1A5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 620 . . 15 . .Class B, Oil-Resistant, Low Mass ChangeB1B0 less than 15 (2) 620A. 25 to + 10 40 . .1B1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 620 . 25 to + 10 40 . .1B
39、2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 620 . 25 to + 10 40 . .1B3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 620 . 25 to + 10 40 . .1B4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 620 . 25 to + 10 40 . .1B5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 620 . 25 to + 10 40 . .Class C, Oil-Resistant, Medium Mass ChangeB1C0 less than 15 (2) 620A. + 10 to + 60 50 . .1C1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 620
40、 . + 10 to + 60 50 . .1C2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 620 . + 10 to + 60 50 . .1C3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 620 . + 10 to + 60 50 . .1C4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 620 . + 10 to + 60 50 . .1C5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 620 . + 10 to + 60 50 . .Class D, High-Temperature-Resistant1D0 less than 15 (2) . 65 . . 50 pass1D1 15 to
41、35 (2 to 5) . 65 . . 50 pass1D2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) . 65 . . 30 pass1D3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) . 65 . . 30 pass1D4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) . 65 . . 30 pass1D5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) . 65 . . 30 passD1056073TABLE 1 ContinuedRequirements Added by Suffix LettersGrade Number Compression Deflection, 25 %Deflection
42、 (Limits), kPa (psi)A4 B1 F MCompressionDeflection afterOven Aging,Change fromOriginal, 22 h,at 175C(347F),Limits, %Compression Set,50 % Deflection,22 h at 70C(158F), max %Low-Temperature Flex CombustionCharacteristics,max, 100mm/min, (4in./min)F1 F2 F35 h at 40C (40F)5 h at 55C(67F)5 h at 75C(103F)
43、Class A, Non-oil-ResistantA1A0 less than 15 (2) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass1A1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass1A2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass1A3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass1A4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) . . . . . . pass pass . . . pass
44、1A5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) . . . . . . pass pass . . . passClass B, Oil-Resistant, Low Mass ChangeB1B0 less than 15 (2) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass1B1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass1B2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass1B3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) . . . . . . pas
45、s . . . . . . pass1B4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . pass1B5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) . . . . . . pass . . . . . . passClass C, Oil-Resistant, Medium Mass ChangeB1C0 less than 15 (2) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass1C1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass1C2 35 to 65 (5 to
46、9) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass1C3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass1C4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . pass1C5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) . . . 25 pass . . . . . . passClass D, High-Temperature-Resistant1D0 less than 15 (2) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass1D1 15 to 35 (2 t
47、o 5) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass1D2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass1D3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass1D4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 625 . . . pass . . . pass pass1D5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 625 . . . pass . . . pass passAIf this grade after aging still falls within the
48、 compression-deflection requirement of 15 kPa (2 psi), it shall be considered acceptable even though the change from theoriginal is greater than 620 %.BTerminology was changed in 1997 from low swell to low mass change to better reflect the data obtained.TABLE 2 Physical Requirements of Cellular Rubb
49、ers, Type 2, Closed-Cell ExpandedBasic RequirementsGradeNumberCompressionDeflection, 25 %Deflection (Limits), kPa(psi)Oven-Aged, Changefrom OriginalCompressionDeflection Values(Limits), %Water Absorption, max,Change in Weight, %Fluid Immersion, 7 Days at23C (73.4F), max %ACompressionSet, 50 %ConstantDeflection, 22h at 100C(212F), max%Low-TemperatureFlex, 5 h at55C(67F)168hat70C(158F)22hat150C(302F)Density over160 kg/m3(10 lb/ft3)Density of160 kg/m3(10 lb/ft3)or lessDensity over160 kg/m3(10 lb
