1、Designation:C704/C704M091Designation: C704/C704M 12Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at RoomTemperature1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C704/C704M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESection 2 was corrected editorially in August 2009.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the det
3、ermination of relative abrasion resistance of refractory brick at room temperature. This testmethod can also be applied to castable refractories (see Metric Dimensions, Practice C861 and Practice C865) and plasticrefractories (see Practice C1054).1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch
4、-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. When values are stated in both
5、SI and inch-pound units,the units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, useeach system independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Several values are s
6、tated only in SI units as a matter of convention and to permit comparison of results. Included are the abradingmedia weight (grams), specimen weight (grams), specimen weight loss due to abrasion (grams), and the resultant volume loss(cubic centimeters).1.3 This standard does not purport to address a
7、ll of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:2A681
8、Specification for Tool Steels AlloyC134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating FirebrickC179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix SpecimensC861 Practice for Determining Metric Dimensions of
9、 Standard Series Refractory Brick and ShapesC862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by CastingC865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete SpecimensC1036 Specification for Flat GlassC1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens Practice for Pre
10、ssing and DryingRefractory Plastic and Ramming Mix SpecimensD4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Standard:B40.100 Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Abrasion Tester (1 dwg)31This test method is under th
11、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C70407. DOI:10.1520/C0704_C0704M-09
12、E01.Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C704 09. DOI:10.1520/C0704_C0704M-12.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An
13、nual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC0704. Original adjunct produced in 1970.3Detailed prints for the construction of the test chamber are available at a
14、nominal cost from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJC0704. Anacceptable test chamber can be made from a weatherproof electrical switch box.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been m
15、ade to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Co
16、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method measures the volume of material in cubic centimetrers abraded from a flat surface at a right angle to anozzle through which 1000 g of size-gra
17、ded silicon carbide grain is blasted by air at 448 kPa 65 psi. a prescribed air pressure.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method measures the relative abrasion resistance of various refractory samples under standard conditions at roomtemperature.4.2 The abrasion resistance of a refractory materi
18、al provides an indication of its suitability for service in abrasion orerosiveabrasive environments.4.3 The results obtained by this test method could be different than those obtained in service because of the different conditionsencountered.5. Interferences (Factors known to Affect Results)5.1 Duri
19、ng development, a ruggedness test was performed using 114 by 114 by 12.7 mm 412 by 412 by12 in. float glass platesconforming to Specification C1036. Several factors were found to cause statistically significant effects on measured results (seeSection 10).5.1.1 Nozzle Tube Inside DiametervVariation i
20、n the inside diameter of the flint glass nozzle tube statistically affected theabrasion values obtained on the glass plate. Ideal glass tube inside diameter is 4.8 mm. Glass tube lots purchased as 7 mm outsidediameter tube with a nominal 1.1 mm wall thickness can have inside diameters ranging from 4
21、.6 mm to 5.0 mm. For the ruggednesstest, flint glass tube inside diameters of 4.7 mm and 4.9 mm were used. Take the statistically significant effect of this small tubeinside diameter variation must be taken into consideration into consideration. Individually measure and choose all nozzle tubeshould
22、be individually measured and chosentubes to conform to a specified 4.8 mm inside diameter.5.1.2 Air PressurevVariation in the test air pressure statistically affected the abrasion values obtained on the glass plate. Airpressure as specified in thethis test method is 448 kPa 65 psi measured by a gaug
23、e capable to 6 6.9kPa 6 1 psi. For theruggedness test, air pressure was maintained at values of 441 kPa 64 psi and 455 kPa 66 psi by the use of a calibrated masterseries pressure gauge. Take the statistically significant effect of this small air pressure variation must be taken into considerationand
24、 use only calibrated gauges capable of maintaining 448 kPa 65 psi air pressure be used. as specified in 6.1.5. It is alsorecommended that air gauges be recalibrated at frequent intervals.5.2 Factors which 5.2 Factors that were found to be rugged during the test method evaluation were were: (1) parti
25、cle sizevariation of the silicon carbide grain between sizings of grain composed of 25% 20 mesh 3 by 30 mesh and 75% 30 mesh 3 by50 mesh silicon carbide to one composed of 15% 20 mesh 3 by 30 mesh and 85% 30 mesh 3 by 50 mesh silicon carbide sizing,(2) nozzle to sample distance varying between 200 m
26、m 778 in. to 206 mm 818 in, i.n, (3) silicon carbide grit amount between995 g and 1005 g, and (4)test operator.6. Apparatus6.1 Abrasion Tester, used for measuring the abrasion resistance of refractory specimens, consisting of the following (Fig. 1 andFig. 2):6.1.1 Blast Gun (Leitch Carco Gun Model L
27、C-CG)4, modified for this equipment as shown in Fig. 3. Other sand blast gunmodels or types may affect test results.6.1.2 NozzleA piece of glass tubing is used to replace the steel nozzle supplied with the sand-blast gun to permit control ofnozzle size through nozzle replacement after each determina
28、tion. Flint-glass tubing, 115 mm 412 in. long, 7 mm 0.276 in. inoutside diameter, with a measured 4.8 mm inside diameter, is used. This piece of glass tubing is held in place by a 70 mm 234in. long piece of stainless steel or copper tubing. The I.D. (inside diameter) of this tubing, which should be
29、flared at one end tosit snugly inside a 9.53 mm 38 in. tubing nut, should be 7.15 to 7.75 mm 932 Make the nozzle from a piece of flint-glass tubing,115 mm 412 in. long, 7 mm 0.276 in. 6 0.12 mm 0.005 in. outside diameter, with a 1.1 mm 0.043 in. 6 0.03 mm 0.001in. wall thickness. When the Carco Blas
30、t Gun is used, this will replace the steel nozzle supplied with the gun. Cleanly cut the endsof the glass tube and do not fire polish them. Check the length and diameter of each tube prior to use. The diameter may be checkedby the use of a gage consisting of a tapered stainless steel rod with the 4.
31、8 mm (316 in.) diameter marked on the rod. The glasstubing is held in place by a 70 mm (234 in.) long piece of stainless steel or copper tubing with an inside diameter of 7.15 to 7.75mm 932 to58 in. and an outside diameter of 9.53 mm 38 in. The O.D. (outside diameter) should be Flare the tubing at o
32、ne endto sit snugly inside a 9.53 mm 38 in. tubing nut. This sleeve is glued or soldered in place inside the 9.53 mm 38 in. tubing nut,and is used primarily to hold the glass tubing perpendicular to the test sample, assuringensuring a proper vacuum within the gun.The end of the glass tube through wh
33、ich the abrading media enters the nozzle in the venturi chamber,chamber is inserted into a15.9 mm 58 in. outside diameter, 6.4 mm 14 in. inside diameter rubber grommet ofwith a thickness betweenof 4.75 to 6.4 mm4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Leitch
34、 conversely, two test results that do differ by more than the repeatabilityinterval willshall be considered to be from different populations.10.2.2 ReproducibilityThe maximum permissible difference due to test error between two test results obtained by twooperators in different laboratories on the s
35、ame material using the same test equipment is given by the reproducibility interval (R)and the relative reproducibility interval (% R). The 95 % reproducibility intervals are given in Table 2. Two test results that do notdiffer by more than the reproducibility interval willshall be considered to be
36、from the same population; conversely, two test resultsthat do differ by more than the reproducibility interval willshall be considered to be from different populations.10.3 BiasNo justifiable statement can be made on the bias of thethis test method for measuring the abrasion resistance ofrefractorie
37、s because the value of the volume loss can be defined only in terms of a test method.11. Keywords11.1abrasion resistance; blasted by air; castable refractories; flat surface; monolithic refractory materials; refractory brick orshape; room temperature11.1 abrasion resistance; blasted by air; castable
38、 refractories; glass plate; flat surface; monolithic refractory materials; refractorybrick or shape; room temperatureSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSS1. Highly Abrasion Resistant MaterialsS1.1.1 The requirements of this supplement apply only when specified in the purchase order.S1.1.2 These requirements a
39、re designed for applications where increased precision is necessary for the abrasion resistance of therefractory material in order to reduce the variability of results obtained using the standard test procedure.S1.1.3 The requirements of this supplement modify or augment the requirements of Test Met
40、hod C704/C704M. Follow allrequirements of the supplement.S1.1.4 Do not compare test results using the supplementary requirements to results obtained using the standard testingprocedures.S1.2 Interferences (Factors Known to Affect Results)S1.2.1 A round robin study for these supplementary requirement
41、s is underway. No interference statements can be made at thistime.S1.3 ApparatusS1.3.1 Abrasion Tester (Modification of 6.1)See Fig. S1.1.S1.3.2 Blast Gun (Replaces 6.1.1), machined from a block ofAmerican Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) GradeA-2 (SpecificationA681, Type A-2; UNS T30102) tool steel
42、in accordance with Fig. S1.2.S1.3.3 Air Supply Pressure Gauge (Modifies 6.1.5)Use two pressure gauges. If the readings on the gauges differ by more than6.9 kPa (1 psi), recalibrate, repair, or replace the gauges. Use one gauge as the primary gauge; all pressure measurements are tobe taken from that
43、gauge. The second gauge is used only for verification. Ensure that there are not any flow obstructions betweenthe gauge and the gun.S1.3.4 Feeding Mechanism (Replaces 6.1.7)Use a two funnel feeding mechanism to supply the abrading media to the gun asshown on the left side of Fig. 5. Ensure that the
44、main supply funnel has sufficient volume to hold the required 1000 g of siliconcarbide abrading medium. Provide an orifice approximately 4.5 mm (0.18 in.) in diameter to control the flow of silicon carbide.Size the orifice so that 1000 g of the abrading media flows through the funnel in 450 6 15 s.
45、Equip the gun supply funnel witha 4.06 mm 0.16 in. inside diameter, 6.35 mm 0.25 in. outside diameter hose fitting to connect to the feed line. Provide a gapbetween the two funnels to allow for air to be introduced to the particle stream. Connect the lower funnel to the feed inlet of theblast gun wi
46、th clear flexible poly(vinyl chloride) tubing with an inside diameter of 6.35 mm 0.25 in.S1.3.5 Test Chamber (Modifies 6.1.8)Usea20mm1316 in. mounting hole. Attach the blast gun to the top of the chamberthrough the hole in the top and secure it in place with a nut. Ensure the gun is perpendicular to
47、 the specimen.S1.3.6 Vacuum Gauge (Modifies 6.1.9) Use two vacuum gauges. If the readings on the gauges differ by more than 6.9 kPa(1 psi), recalibrate, repair, or replace the gauges. Use one gauge as the primary gauge; all vacuum measurements are to be takenC704/C704M 1210NOTEIdentified by number i
48、n this figure are: (1) grit feed funnels, (2) pressure gauges, (3) blast gun, (4) vacuum gauge, (5) exhaust port, and (6) cabinet pressuremanometer.FIG. S1.1 Modified Abrasion TesterC704/C704M 1211from that gauge. The second gauge is used only for verification. Affix the gauges to the blast gun as s
49、hown in Fig. S1.1. Ensurethat there are not any flow obstructions between the gauge and the gun.S1.4 CalibrationS1.4.1 Calibrate the abrasion tester at least once a week when the tester is used.Also calibrate the abrasion tester when replacingthe gun, venturi, or any gauge and when using a new lot of silicon carbide or batch of glass tubes. Additionally, calibrate theabrasion tester any time an abnormality occurs in the test such as erratic results or a hole being worn in the glass
