1、考研英语模拟试卷 99及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Health care is an extraordinarily obsolete system. A professor of emergency medicine at major university sent me a really heartbreak
2、ing (1)_ lie said that physicians have to start from the (2)_ beginning with every patient. There is no history, no time to (3)_ they know nothing about the (4)_. We have inferior medical service (5)_ the computer technology that could change it is not being used. The difficulties of just (6)_ patie
3、nt records apart from analyzing them (7)_ are unnecessary and hinder us from providing (8)_ service. We have the opportunity to do some wholesale rethinking of (9)_ we provide health care and turn it into not only medical service, but preventive maintenance that (10)_ the patient in decision-making.
4、 We can begin through pilot and demonstration projects in hospitals, by doctors, and (11)_ by private doctor participation. Physicians can show patients the (12)_ of their actions and what the alternatives are. Technologies (13)_ multimedia and interactive computers can (14)_ patients, in the privac
5、y of their own homes, to ask questions about these (15)_. Other countries are moving much more (16)_ than the United States in medical information. The computerization and redesign of Swedens health delivery system has reduced that nations (17)_ on the health care from 12 % of GNP to a little over 7
6、%. More than one-third of the population of the Nether-lands has their medical records computerized. (18)_ some hospitals in the United States keep computerized patient (19)_, these records only cover the time the patient is in the hospital and do not include their (20)_ medical history. （ A） magazi
7、ne （ B） letter （ C） gift （ D） book （ A） very （ B） early （ C） real （ D） first （ A） treat （ B） care （ C） prepare （ D） diagnose （ A） doctor （ B） patient （ C） physician （ D） nurse （ A） but （ B） although （ C） therefore （ D） because （ A） handling （ B） accessing （ C） collecting （ D） gathering （ A） quickly
8、（ B） rapidly （ C） properly （ D） really （ A） common （ B） inferior （ C） ordinary （ D） quality （ A） how （ B） when （ C） why （ D） where （ A） embraces （ B） comprises （ C） involves （ D） includes （ A） especially （ B） exclusively （ C） exactly （ D） extremely （ A） preferences （ B） substances （ C） consequences
9、（ D） refernces （ A） for instance （ B） for example （ C） such as （ D） as to （ A） allow （ B） confess （ C） induce （ D） consent （ A） substitutes （ B） detectives （ C） motives （ D） alternatives （ A） decisively （ B） aggressively （ C） comprehensively （ D） excessively （ A） growth （ B） purchase （ C） spending （
10、 D） development （ A） However （ B） While （ C） Moreover （ D） Furthermore （ A） files （ B） documents （ C） records （ D） information （ A） partial （ B） absolute （ C） major （ D） entire Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points
11、) 21 A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful
12、and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their patents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possibl
13、e exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. The scientists typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating
14、 an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to
15、rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappo, that the social scientists use to sum up th
16、e common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: in terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest
17、. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get
18、 on as well as women who may be less attractive. 21 According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager （ A） a persons property or debts do not matter much. （ B） a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualification. （ C） women should always dress fas
19、hionably. （ D） women should not only be attractive but also high-minded. 22 The result of research carried out by social scientists shows that （ A） people do not realize the importance of looking ones best. （ B） women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well. （ C） good-looking wo
20、men aspire to managerial positions. （ D） attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not. 23 Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes （ A） they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep. （ B） they do not usually a
21、ct according to the views they support. （ C） they give ordinary-looking persons the low ratings. （ D） they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments. 24 The sentence “good looks cut both ways for women“ (Line 1, Paragraph 5) means that （ A） attractive women have tremendous poten
22、tial impact on public jobs. （ B） good-looking women always get the best of everything. （ C） being attractive is not always an advantage for women. （ D） attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions. 25 It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world
23、（ A） handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are. （ B） physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well. （ C） physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well. （ D） good looks are important for wome
24、n as they are for men. 26 Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them to make me Jose my delight in dreams. To begin with, I like the idea of dreaming, of going to bed and lying still and then, by some queer magic, wandering into another kind of existence. I could never understa
25、nd why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such a fuss about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I am mystified by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more astonishing than if they said they never went out for a walk. Most peop
26、le or at least most Western Europeans do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing or yawning. I have never understood this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life only because there is far less of it, but
27、 to me it is important. As if there were at least two extra continents added to the world, and lightning excursions running to them at any moment between midnight and breakfast. Then again, the dream life, though queer and confusing and unsatisfactory in many respects, has its own advantages. The de
28、ad are there, smiling and talking. The past is there, some-times all broken and confused but occasionally as fresh as a daisy. And perhaps, the future is there too, waving at us. This dream life is often overshadowed by huge mysterious anxieties, with luggage that cannot be packed and trains that re
29、fuse to be caught; and both persons and scenes there are not as dependable and solid as they are in waking life, so that Brown and Smith merge into one person while Robinson splits into two, and there are thick woods outside the bathroom door and the dining-room is somehow part of a theater balcony;
30、 and there are moments of sorrow or terror in the dream world that are worse than anything else we have known under the sun. Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfactions, and, at certain rare intervals, a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement, like glimpses of another form
31、 of existence altogether, that we cannot match with open eyes. 26 As for dreams, we can conclude that （ A） when the author has wonderful dreams, he will be happy for the whole day. （ B） if the author had too much terrible dreams, he would feel annoyed. （ C） the author wishes that he could make no fu
32、ss about any holiday. （ D） the author wishes that he could have more strange dreams. 27 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author is （ A） a child. （ B） an adult. （ C） a psychologist. （ D） a doctor. 28 What has the author never understood? （ A） Most people like sneezing or yawing. （
33、 B） Most people consider dreaming to be all unimportant habit. （ C） Most people treat sneezing or yawning as an unimportant little habit. （ D） Most people regard dreaming as an unpleasant little habit. 29 The passage tells us that in the dream world there is/are （ A） nothing terrible or delightful.
34、（ B） only moments of sorrow or terror. （ C） mysterious anxieties as well as enjoyments. （ D） only moments of peaceful glow or sudden excitement. 30 Brown, Smith and Robinson are （ A） dead friends of the writer. （ B） people you or I might know. （ C） living friends of the writer. （ D） some well-known
35、people. 31 There is a confused notion in the minds of many people that the gathering of the property of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in whosever hands it may be, it must be spent at last, and thus, they think, return to the poor again. This fallacy has been again
36、and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made for blackmail, or any other form of robbery. It might be (though practically it never is) as advantageous for the notion that the robber should have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbed
37、 should have spent it. But this is no excuse for the theft. If I were to put a tollgate on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to extract a shilling from every passenger, the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to any pleas on my part that it was as advantageous
38、to them, in the end, that I should spend their shillings, as that they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a tollgate, I can only persuade them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any other useless thing, out of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover,
39、 be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity. And this main question for the poor of England for the poor of all countries is wholly omitted in every writing on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its effect
40、 on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything, but it matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make. If his labor is so orde
41、red as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low, the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them. But if he is paid to destroy food and fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of them, the food and air will finally not
42、be there, and he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in political as in household economy, the great question is not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it. 31 The author gives the example of a tollgate in t
43、he first paragraph to indicate that （ A） it is an act of robbery. （ B） it is an impractical plan. （ C） it will break the law. （ D） it can make people rich. 32 The word “fallacy“(Paragraph 1) most probably means （ A） incorrect explanations. （ B） arbitrary decisions. （ C） reasonable excuses. （ D） logi
44、cal errors in argument. 33 What is the “main question for the poor“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) according to the passage? （ A） The poor are not the master of themselves. （ B） The poor fail to see the real power of the operation of capital. （ C） The poor do not understand that they are buying things they d
45、o not need. （ D） The laborers are always deceived by the rich who pretend to be benefactors. 34 It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes （ A） there are few honest businessmen. （ B） the rich are the same as thieves in their accumulation of wealth. （ C） robbers are also benefactors
46、 to society seen from a different angle. （ D） equal distribution of property leads to increase of consumer demand. 35 It can be inferred that the authors attitude toward the early stage of British industrialization should be one of （ A） ambiguity. （ B） indifference. （ C） disgust. （ D） admiration. 36
47、 The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been speeded by the closing of the internal frontier that is, the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the America
48、n farming system. Not only was Turners thesis influential at the time, it was later adopted and elaborated by other scholars, such as John D. Hicks in The populist Revolt (1931). Actually, however, new lands were taken up for farming in the United States throughout and beyond the nineteenth century.
49、 In the 1890s, when agrarian discontent had become most acute, 1,100,000 new farms were settled, which was 500,000 more than had been settled during the previous decade. After 1890, under the terms of the Homestead Act and its successors, more new land was taken up for fanning than had been taken up for this purpose in the United states up until that time. It is true that a high proportion of the newly fanned land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but agricultural prac
