1、考研英语模拟试卷 94及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Most of us think we know the kind of kid who becomes a killer, and most of the time were right. Boys (1)_ about 85% of all youth hom
2、icides, and in those cases about 90% (2)_ a pattern in which the line from bad parenting and bad (3)_ to murder is usually clear. Their lives start with abuse, neglect and (4)_ deprivation at home. Add the effects of racism, poverty, the drug and gang cultures, and it is not (5)_ that in a violent s
3、ociety like ours, (6)_ children become deadly teens. (7)_ what about the other 10% of kids who kill: the boys who have (8)_ parents and are not poor? Are their parents to blame when these kids become (9)_? Most children do fine while young enough to be (10)_ by loving parents, but change as adolesce
4、nts subjected to peer competition, bullying and rejection, (11)_ in big high schools. The “normal“ culture of adolescence today contains elements that are so nasty that it becomes hard for parents to (12)_ between what in a teenagers talk, dress and taste in music, films and video games indicates (1
5、3)_ trouble and what is simply a (14)_ of the times. Most kids who have multiple body piercing, or listen to Marilyn Manson, or play the video games are normal kids caught in a toxic (15)_ Intelligent kids with good social skills can be quite skillful at hiding who they really are from their parents
6、. They may do this to (16)_ punishment, to escape being identified as “crazy“, or to protect the parents they love from being (17)_ or worried. Anyway, how many parents are (18)_ of thinking the worst of their son (19)_, that he harbors murders fantasies, or that he could (20)_ so far as acting them
7、 out. （ A） complete （ B） commit （ C） submit （ D） perform （ A） conform to （ B） comply with （ C） agree with （ D） apply to （ A） situation （ B） environment （ C） condition （ D） state （ A） logical （ B） sensational （ C） emotional （ D） rational （ A） confusing （ B） astonishing （ C） bewildering （ D） surprisin
8、g （ A） restricted （ B） damaged （ C） beloved （ D） spoiled （ A） However （ B） But （ C） Although （ D） Otherwise （ A） loving （ B） strict （ C） irresponsible （ D） careless （ A） offenders （ B） defenders （ C） killers （ D） criminals （ A） aroused （ B） nurtured （ C） flourished （ D） whipped （ A） particularly （ B
9、） uniquely （ C） subsequently （ D） naturally （ A） recognize （ B） detect （ C） discover （ D） distinguish （ A） psychological （ B） physical （ C） spiritual （ D） bodily （ A） symptom （ B） sign （ C） mark （ D） token （ A） country （ B） family （ C） culture （ D） school （ A） avoid （ B） accept （ C） eliminate （ D） c
10、reate （ A） depressed （ B） encouraged （ C） disappointed （ D） amazed （ A） capable （ B） competent （ C） able （ D） efficient （ A） that is （ B） such as （ C） for example （ D） at last （ A） run （ B） go （ C） come （ D） arrive Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each tex
11、t by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargement and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dui Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosm
12、etic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. “What we all long for is to look normal, and being normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They
13、give us perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.“ In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imberre commends “maintenance“ work
14、for people in their thirties. “The idea that waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly,“ he says. “By then, youve wasted 20 great years of your life and al-lowed things to get out of hand.“ Dr. Imberre draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, “It seems that som
15、eone we dont consider old enough to order a drink shouldnt be considering plastic surgery“. In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportional cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser tec
16、hnology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davie, who claims to “eater for the average person“, agrees. He says: “I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3,000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half
17、the price of a good family holiday.“ Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently
18、 paid 2,500 for an operation to remove cellulite from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery veteran is a deceptively gentle one. “I had my legs done because theyd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic stimulated my appetite. Now I dont think theres any operatio
19、n that I would rule out having if I could afford it.“ 21 According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is （ A） being physically healthy. （ B） looking usual. （ C） investing for life. （ D） improving appearance. 22 In the US, people argue about （ A） whether people under 18 need cosmetic surger
20、y. （ B） under what circumstance people should have cosmetic surgery. （ C） at what age people should have cosmetic surgery. （ D） whether cosmetic surgery should cater for average people. 23 According to Dr. Gerard Imberre, people should have cosmetic surgery （ A） as early as possible. （ B） in their t
21、hirties. （ C） in their teens. （ D） when they need. 24 According to paragraph 3, what Dr. Davie said implies that （ A） cosmetic surgery is worth having though it is costly. （ B） cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average person. （ C） cosmetic surgery is beyond the reach of most people. （ D） c
22、osmetic surgery is extremely expensive. 25 It seems that the woman mentioned in the last paragraph （ A） regrets having the operation. （ B） hopes to have more operations. （ C） hesitates in choosing an operation. （ D） loves her new image. 26 The World Wide Web has been steadily creating a widespread s
23、urge in social capital through E-mail conversations, chat rooms, newsgroups, and e-zones. These ongoing connections are not an underground phenomenon, but a mainstream movement that is rapidly overwhelming traditional business models, according to the authors of another recent book, The Cluetrain Ma
24、nifesto. “Our longing for the Web is rooted in the deep resentment we feel towards being managed,“ writes co-author David Weinberger, a columnist and commentator on the Webs effect on business. The Cluetrain Manifesto argues that knowledge workers are finding it intolerable that their employers requ
25、ire them to speak in artificial “business voices“. The Web has become the ideal alternative: a public place where people can converse in their “authentic voices“, outside of an organizations official communications channel. Some of the social capital generated by these independent Web conversations
26、is being used by its creators to circumvent the authority of corporations. For example, a car owner who thinks he was overcharged for service to his vehicle posts an inquiry to a newsgroup for people who own the same model of ear. Group members respond with their advice and personal experiences of g
27、etting their own cars serviced. The newsgroup is not owned or controlled by the car company. In fact, a mechanic employed by the car company participates in the conversation, offering his knowledge of what charges are reasonable and how company policies vary from dealer to dealer, and even suggestin
28、g which dealerships offer the best service. According to co-author Rick Levine, the mechanic “was speaking for his company in a new way: honestly, openly, probably without his bosss explicit sanction.“ In effect, an employee of the company independently joined a network of consumers to directly help
29、 satisfy a customer. “Companies need to harness this sort of caring and let its viral enthusiasm be communicated in employees own voices,“ writes Levine, former Web Architect for Sun Microsystems Java Software group. As more and more people work online and form Web relationships, shared knowledge co
30、uld become increasingly personal in cyberspace. Whether business joins in the conversations or not, it seems likely that this fast-growing strain of social capital will remain valuable for those who help to create it. 26 The word “overwhelming“(Paragraph 1) probably means （ A） helping with. （ B） cre
31、ating by. （ C） substituting for. （ D） arising from. 27 Employees like on-line conversation during the business because （ A） they will not be managed and directed by others. （ B） they call speak whatever they want. （ C） they are free to choose their own business partner. （ D） they can have a person-t
32、o-person communication. 28 Employees with on-line relationships can benefit the company because （ A） they can offer help to customers as friends. （ B） they ale good at disguising their real purpose. （ C） they know how to deceive their on-line friends. （ D） they can make more selling through their on
33、-line relations. 29 It can be inferred from the passage that the company （ A） actually can make use of the personal on-line relationships. （ B） breaks the morals ill using personal on-line relationships. （ C） is forced to use the on-line communication. （ D） requires its employees to build on-line re
34、lationships. 30 According to the passage, what does social capital refer to? （ A） Personal relationships. （ B） Web-relationships. （ C） Corporate relationships. （ D） Business relationships. 31 Much of the American anxiety about old age is a flight from the reality of death. One of the striking qualit
35、ies of the American character is the unwillingness to face either the fact or meaning of death. In the more somber tradition of American literature from Hawthorne and Melville and Poe to Faulkner and Hemingway one finds a tragic depth that disguises the surface thinness of the ordinary American deat
36、h attitudes. By an effort of the imagination, the great writers faced problems that the culture in action is reluctant to face the fact of death, its mystery, and its place in the back-and-forth shuttling of the eternal recurrence. The unblinking confrontation of death in Greek time, the elaborate t
37、heological patterns woven around it in the Middle Ages, the ritual celebration of it in the rich, peasant cultures of Latin and Slavic Europe and in primitive cultures; these are difficult to find in American life. Whether through fear of the emotional depths, or because of a drying up of the floodg
38、ates of religious intensity, the American avoids dwelling on death or even coming to terms with it; he finds it morbid and moves back from it, surrounding it with word avoidance (Americans never die; they “pass away“) and various taboos of speech and practice. A “funeral parlor“ is decorated to look
39、 like a bank; everything in a funeral ceremony is done in hushed tones, as if it were something secret, to be concealed from the world; there is so much emphasis on being dignified that the ceremony often loses its quality: of dignity. In some of the primitive cultures, there is difficulty in under-
40、standing the causes of death; it seems puzzling and even unintelligible. Living in a scientific culture, Americans have a ready enough explanation of how it comes, yet they show little capacity to come to terms with the fact of death itself and with the grief that accompanies it. “We jubilate over b
41、irth and dance at weddings,“ writes Margaret Mead, “but more and more deal with the death off the scene without ceremony, without an opportunity for young and old to realize that death is as much a fact of life as is birth.“ And one may add, even in its hurry and brevity, the last stage of an Americ
42、ans life m the last occasion of this relation to his society is as standardized as the rest. 31 Unwillingness to face death is （ A） a characteristic of American society. （ B） a quality found in all civilizations. （ C） a quality inherited from our Latin ancestors. （ D） a quality of the American chara
43、cter. 32 In the novels of Hawthorne and Melville, one will find （ A） ordinary American death attitudes. （ B） a willingness to accept death as a fact of life. （ C） a superficial attitude toward death. （ D） the foundation of modern American beliefs about death. 33 What is/was peoples attitude towords
44、death? （ A） In American life, people hardly mention the death. （ B） In the Middle Ages, death was surrounded by respect. （ C） In primitive cultures, death was faced with awe. （ D） In Greek times, people.were afraid of facing death. 34 In the authors opinion, Americans refuse to dwell on the idea of
45、death （ A） out of fear of the emotional depths. （ B） because they are no longer intensely religious. （ C） because they are materialists. （ D） either out of dread or lack of religious beliefs. 35 Margaret Mead suggests that （ A） we should not rejoice at a birth. （ B） we should cry at a birth and rejo
46、ice at a funeral. （ C） a wedding should be solemn affair. （ D） death should be accepted in the same spirit as marriage and birth. 36 In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer government or private should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and
47、 men. However if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature o
48、f government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from privat
49、e employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would by 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal. In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the e
