1、考研英语模拟试卷 93及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 With the rapid spread of the internet eye where in the world, and the (1)_ number of users, one of the most exciting developments on
2、 the internet is E-commerce(2)_ commerce. E-commerce has two forms, (3)_ business-to-business, or B-to-B, and business-to-consumer, or B-to-C. B-to-C was the first of these developments. It grew (4)_ from the first days when people started to buy things from their homes without going to a shop. Firs
3、t came “catalogue shopping“ (5)_ you choose what you want from a catalogue (6)_ pictures and other details of everything that is (7)_ sale. You then send an order with a check by (8)_ and the things you have chosen sent to your home. Then (9)_ “television shopping“, where (10)_ a catalogue, the item
4、s for sale are shown or (11)_ on television to attract the customer. (12)_, the customer sends a check and the item is delivered to his or her home. B-to-C is the (13)_ development, where the “catalogue“ is (14)_ on the internet, combining the advantages of both the book catalogue and the television
5、 and indeed adding more (15)_ The customer makes his choice but rather than sending an order and a (16)_ through the post, he places the order and pays for it using his credit card, all using the (17)_ Many people worry about giving (18)_ of their credit card over the internet and the danger that it
6、 may be deceitfully used. (19)_, the general view is that with modern systems of secure measures the dangers of the misuse of credit cards is (20)_ greater in a shop, garage or restaurant than in using it for shopping on the internet. （ A） increasing （ B） spreading （ C） decreasing （ D） raising （ A）
7、electric （ B） electrical （ C） electronic （ D） electronics （ A） regarded as （ B） known as （ C） esteemed as （ D） reckoned as （ A） directly （ B） naturally （ C） generally （ D） specially （ A） which （ B） that （ C） where （ D） when （ A） drawing （ B） giving （ C） depicting （ D） sketching （ A） on （ B） for （ C）
8、 at （ D） in （ A） accident （ B） railway （ C） hand （ D） post （ A） came （ B） went （ C） brought （ D） happened （ A） as regards （ B） other than （ C） instead of （ D） in view of （ A） displayed （ B） performed （ C） demonstrated （ D） exhibited （ A） Again （ B） Moreover （ C） Besides （ D） Secondly （ A） late （ B）
9、latest （ C） latter （ D） later （ A） liable （ B） obtainable （ C） reliable （ D） available （ A） disadvantages （ B） features （ C） advantages （ D） characteristics （ A） cash （ B） check （ C） note （ D） bin （ A） internet （ B） computer （ C） catalogue （ D） television （ A） details （ B） segments （ C） episodes （ D
10、） descriptions （ A） However （ B） Therefore （ C） Furthermore （ D） Otherwise （ A） naturally （ B） truly （ C） really （ D） actually Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 In a large, air-conditioned room in a confere
11、nce center located in a city of more than a million people, well-qualified doctors of science discuss the pros and cons of global warming, and debate how the temperature of the sea is being measured. After several hours of discussion, they walk out into the warm sunshine of a summers day, heading of
12、f to a comfortable restaurant for lunch. On the same day, on the sands of small islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, baked hard by the burning sun, Hemi and Naqono look at the water lapping over the place where they once stored their potato plants. They watch the waves dashing gently at the f
13、eet of their straw huts which some years ago were many metres from the seashore. Global warming is a problem for theoretical discussion among scientists all over the world. For many Pacific Islanders it is now becoming a practical problem. While international science argues about global warming and
14、climate change, low-lying Pacific Islands are already suffering coastal erosion and crop failures. In places such as Marshall Islands, where much of the land is only a metre above sea-level, villagers face leaving their slowly disappearing homes. Scientists and officials from 13 Pacific Island Count
15、ries discussed their concerns in a Pacific conference in Aukland, New Zealand, and examined a New Zealand computer model on climate change that could provide a valuable planning tool. Lack of meteorological and tidal research means Government agencies throughout the Pacific and the world have to rel
16、y largely on anecdotal of rising sea levels eroding foreshores, and increasingly severe droughts affecting the vital coconut crop. Australian research commissioned by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme has already calculated that human greenhouse gas emissions already measured up to 19
17、95 will cause a 5cm to 12cm sea-level rise by 2025. Pacific Island countries fear their vulnerable low-lying homes will be the first to pay the price for the emissions of industrialized nations. A Pacific Islands Climate Change Assistance Programme is already in place and is working on plans to help
18、 Pacific Islanders who have few resources to combat the fast-changing environmental circumstances. Yumi Crisostomo, of the Marshall Islands Environmental Protection Authority, said residents of some of the 1,225 islands in the group had reported alarming coastal erosion, forcing them to shift homes
19、inland. Some islands were only about a kilometer across, so residents had little room to move. “We may have to look at the option of internal migration within the island group,“ he said. 21 The first two paragraphs suggest that （ A） global warming is not only a theoretical problem but also a practic
20、al one. （ B） there is a great difference between the rich and poor. （ C） science discussion has nothing to do with the practical problem. （ D） well-qualified doctors know little about the reality of the problem. 22 According to the passage, global warming and climate change might cause （ A） the exti
21、nction of species. （ B） the disappearance of the coast. （ C） the reduction of crops. （ D） the migration of birds. 23 Lack of meteorological and tidal research means, researchers have to depend on （ A） measuring the output of coconut. （ B） observing the erosion of foreshores. （ C） collecting short in
22、teresting accounts concerning climate. （ D） computer model on climate changes. 24 Human greenhouse gas emissions which cause low-lying places to disappear are mainly let out by （ A） forest fires. （ B） the industrialized nations. （ C） people themselves in low-lying islands. （ D） the developing countr
23、ies. 25 The author gives the example of Pacific islands climate change to （ A） warn people of the danger of global warming. （ B） arouse peoples sympathy for the islanders in the Pacific. （ C） blame those nations which let out greenhouse gas emissions. （ D） call for a donation to the residents in the
24、 Pacific islands. 26 Who would have believed it? After what seems like an eternity of tantalizing hype about “high-definition“ television, the first digital sets are actually on their way to the market. This much anticipated debut would seem to be terrific news for tube lovers. As promised, the sets
25、 deliver super-sharp digital pictures, wide-format movie-style screens and magnificent stereo surround sound. So should everybody rush out to buy one? Well.maybe not. HDTVs obvious advantages over conventional sets are offset by significant disadvantages. For openers, theres the price tag. Sonys sma
26、ll set, with a 34-in screen, lists for a fairly large $8,999. Prices will eventually drop, of course, but Bill Mannion, general manager of Panasonics TV division, acknowledges, “Its going to be a while, maybe years before most consumers can afford HDTV.“ Even if youre a gadget freak with deep pocket
27、s, you may think twice about buying for another reason: “high definition“ will not be equally high. Some programs will be broadcast at 480 lines of resolution (compared with 330 or so on conventional televisions), others at a sharper 720 lines, and still others at the maximum of 1,080. NBC says it p
28、lans to start by offering 480-line quality for day-time programming and 1,080 for some prime-time shows and specials. But cable-TV customers a full two-thirds of American households may get a sinking feeling of another sort if they try to tune in. Cable companies are refusing, for now, to carry broa
29、dcasters HDTV signals, saying information-rich HDTV channels overtax their systems. Therefore viewers, who want decent reception, will have to buy clumsy, old-fashioned TV antennas if they plan to pull in digital broadcasts. One decision consumers wont have to make is whether to buy a set that uses
30、one format or another. Back in the days when VCRs were new, you could buy a VHS or a Beta-format machine; neither could read or record on the others tapes. Those who chose Beta generally regretted it, as VHS took over the market, video companies stopped releasing Beta-format movies, and Beta sets be
31、came essentially useless. Most reassuring of all, the new sets will be able to pick up conventional TV broadcasts. You wont need two TV sets sitting side by side. Will that be enough to talk consumers into putting down the better part of $10,0007 Manufactures hope that wide-eyed excitement over this
32、 genuinely revolutionary new technology will help hide the fact that its still a work in progress. Realistically, they expect the revolution to be a slow one. 26 According to the text, HDTV （ A） has its limitations. （ B） is a landmark in TV technology. （ C） is likely to be accepted by the mass. （ D）
33、 is doubted by manufacturers on its practicability. 27 If you are rich and interested in new devices, you would （ A） be likely to accept HDTV. （ B） still think about lines of resolution of the programs. （ C） buy HDTV, but with hesitation. （ D） easily understand what HDTV is. 28 The only reason for b
34、uying HDTV might be （ A） reasonable price. （ B） format compatibility. （ C） unavailability of HDTV signals on cable TV. （ D） broadcasting at inconsistent lines of resolution. 29 Programs displayed on HDTV （ A） give super-sharp digital pictures. （ B） may be sent out at 1080 lines of resolution. （ C） n
35、eed input of more efforts. （ D） will have a bright future. 30 Who does the author intend to write the passage for? （ A） TV buyers. （ B） TV broadcasters. （ C） TV manufacturers. （ D） government officials regulating TV broadcasts. 31 Forget about the days when banks lured customers with offers of “free
36、“ toaster. In the harsh new world of consumer banking, its the account holder who may get burned. Over the past few years, banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones as many as 100 different kinds. The size of these charges jumped more than 50 percent on checking and savin
37、gs accounts since 1990, according to Bank Rate Monitor, an independent provider of financial data. Meanwhile, interest rates paid on passbook savings and negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) accounts failed to keep pace with inflation, let alone with other low-risk investments. And technologies like
38、 automated teller machines(ATMs) have truly turned into cash machines for the bank. Checking Profits. According to a report by the Federal Reserve Board, fewer than eight percent of all commercial banks now offer tree checking. In some big cities, such as Los Angeles and San Francisco, free checking
39、 is virtually extinct. Whats more, the minimum balance required for the average checking account has increased dramatically since the Federal Reserve last surveyed banks in 1994. Account holders looking for interest on their checking through a NOW account had to raise their balance nearly 50 percent
40、 to $1,500 on average and they earned just 1.5 percent annually for their trouble. NationsBank in Miami recently offered a “Deluxe Secure“ checking account. Depositors got only an average 1.5 percent interest on their checking balance. And they were required to keep $5,000 tied up in a savings accou
41、nt or $21 maintenance fee. New York Citys chemical informed its checking customers that their “low minimum“ accounts would be converted into new “relationship“ accounts with a higher minimum balance. The new minimum necessary to avoid extra fees jumped from $1,500 to $3,000. The dubious new benefits
42、 to customers? Banking executives say theres a good reason why fees are higher. Since financial services were deregulated in the early 1980s, competitors have lured away high-margin business that once sustained bank profits. Americans are avoiding low-interest bank accounts in favor of high-yielding
43、 investments such as mutual funds. Creditcard holders can get more favorable terms from a national card issuer than from their local bank. Home-buyers can now tap a national market for the most competitive mortgage rates, and new-car buyers can shop for loans from auto-finance specialists like Gener
44、al Motors Acceptance Corp. Still, the banks have managed to regain their profits in part with high customer fees. In fact, the banking industry has reported record earnings over the past three years. 31 What can be inferred from the sentence “its the account holder who may get burned“ (Paragraph 1)?
45、 （ A） The author asserts that the account holder should be careful about the free toaster. （ B） The author thinks that the account holder is the very person who uses the toaster. （ C） The author suggests that the account holder should be careful about the bank. （ D） The author holds that the bank sh
46、ould be criticized. 32 The banks strategies invented to rip the account holders include （ A） changing the old fees. （ B） offering free checking. （ C） offering free gifts. （ D） creating new fees. 33 According to banking executives, the higher bank fees may result from （ A） the slowdown of economy. （
47、B） low-interest bank accounts. （ C） the decrease of the number of bank investors. （ D） the increase of the number of creditcard holders. 34 The term “high-margin business“ (Paragraph 7) probably means （ A） very profitable business. （ B） very promising business. （ C） bankrupt business. （ D） well-mana
48、ged business. 35 From the last paragraph, we know that （ A） the banks are notorious businesses. （ B） never do business with the banks. （ C） the banks have succeeded in getting back the profits. （ D） due to high customer fees, the number of the account holders is decreasing. 36 In developing a model
49、of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, lead towards a narrowing of the range of perception. Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from bel
