1、考研英语模拟试卷 83及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 A great many creatures have what are called warning colours, that is to say, the colouration warns every creature that the animal in
2、 question is dangerous. The skunk(臭鼬 ) is one of the best (1)_ of this, with his brilliant black and white fur. He walks (2)_ even in broad daylight and shows no (3)_ when he sees you. He heavily (4)_ his feet and puts his (5)_ up in the air, daring you not to come (6)_ closer. And if you dont take
3、(7)_ of the warning he will spray you with his evil-smelling (8)_, and no animal that has been (9)_ by a skunk will let it happen (10)_ In the Reptile House at a zoo you will probably find a case (11)_ of small tree frogs. Now, a great (12)_ of creatures like to eat frogs, and so some frogs as a (13
4、)_ can ooze out a substance on their skin (14)_ makes them taste horrible. These frogs are generally banded (15)_ bright warning colours, like orange, red, yellow and bright green. This, of course, makes them (16)_ like brightly-coloured sweets, and rather good to (17)_ but the birds and animals in
5、the forest have learnt (18)_ bitter experience that these frogs are the (19)_ that tastes the worst, and so they leave them (20)_. （ A） creature （ B） thing （ C） example （ D） warning （ A） about （ B） on （ C） out （ D） over （ A） colour （ B） danger （ C） fear （ D） sign （ A） stamps （ B） changes （ C） beats
6、（ D） moves （ A） head （ B） feet （ C） tail （ D） nose （ A） still （ B） even （ C） much （ D） any （ A） care （ B） chance （ C） advice （ D） notice （ A） fluid （ B） gas （ C） oil （ D） colour （ A） caught （ B） sprayed （ C） warned （ D） seen （ A） more （ B） soon （ C） twice （ D） too （ A） full （ B） Short （ C） instead （
7、 D） typical （ A） many （ B） part （ C） amount （ D） number （ A） whole （ B） means （ C） wish （ D） protection （ A） it （ B） and （ C） which （ D） where （ A） with （ B） by （ C） as （ D） in （ A） feel （ B） all （ C） look （ D） much （ A） make （ B） eat （ C） see （ D） look （ A） at （ B） with （ C） in （ D） of （ A） sweets
8、（ B） food （ C） substances （ D） ones （ A） ahead （ B） about （ C） alone （ D） aside Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Whether the eyes are “the window of the soul“ is debatable; that they are intensely importan
9、t in interpersonal communication is a fact during the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile, significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will t
10、he sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people
11、with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to
12、 focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner.“ The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a fe
13、w moments they reestablish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they b
14、e looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the
15、maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses; there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. 21 The author is convinced that the eyes are_ （ A） of extreme importance in expressing feelings a
16、nd exchanging ideas （ B） something through which one can see a persons inner world （ C） of considerable significance in making conversations interesting （ D） something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate 22 Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person_ （ A） whose front view i
17、s fully perceived （ B） whose face is covered with a mask （ C） whose face is seen from the side （ D） whose face is free of any covering 23 According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partners neck because_ （ A） they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speak
18、er （ B） they need not communicate through eye contact （ C） they dont think it polite to have eye contact （ D） they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood 24 According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to _ （ A） temporary glanc
19、ing away from the listener （ B） eye contact of more than one second （ C） improperly-imed ceasing of eye contact （ D） constant adjustment of eye contact 25 To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants_ （ A） not to wear dark spectacles （ B） not to make any interruptions （
20、 C） not to glance away from each other （ D） not to make unpredictable pauses 26 WASHINGTON, D.C. The threat of ballistic missiles from countries such as Iran and North Korea could materialize with little warning, a Congressional panel of defense experts reported today. That conclusion differs from e
21、arlier assessments by the U.S. intelligence community and the Clinton Administration, which have concluded that a new threat to U.S. territory is at least a decade off. The panel called the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States was set up by the National Defense Auth
22、orization Act of 1997 and first met in January 1998. Its nine policymakers; technologists, and senior military officials had “unprecedented access to the most sensitive and highly classified information,“ said panel chairperson Donald Rumsfield, a former secretary of defense, at a press conference h
23、ere. The panel found that liberalized export controls, increased international exchanges of students and scientific personnel, and leaks of classified information have resulted in “massive technology transfer“ both from developed nations to rogue nations and between those countries themselves. Moreo
24、ver, potential aggressors could minimize the technical challenge by settling for missiles with limited accuracy or reliability. The report warns that nations with Scud missile technology, such as Iran, could test a long-range missile within about 5 years from deciding to pursue such a program. North
25、 Korea also has the technology for producing biological weapons, the panel noted. Test flights of their missiles that would be able to reach parts of Hawaii and Alaska could take place within 6 months of a decision. Because of the United Nations arms inspections, however, Iraq is lagging behind and
26、would take 10 years from initiating an effort to posing a missile threat to the United States. Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich called the report “the most important warning about our national security since the end of the Cold War,“ and urged the establishment of a bipartisan, bicameral committee
27、 to work with the Administration to decide: future policy. A White House spokesperson was noncommittal, saying that the reports recommendations on intelligence analysis would be taken into account, but that the administration stood by its March intelligence assessment. That report concluded that it
28、is unlikely that countries other than Russia, China, or North Korea could deploy a ballistic missile capable of reaching any part of the United States before 2010. 26 The U.S. intelligence community and the Clinton Administration think that_ （ A） the U.S. will not be attacked by missile in the near
29、future （ B） other countries may attack the U.S. with missile right after they declare war （ C） the U.S. may haw a sudden missile attack （ D） the U.S. will never be attacked by missile 27 The word “classified“ in the second paragraph most probably means_ （ A） arranged in classes （ B） officially secre
30、t （ C） traditional （ D） public 28 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Commission to Assess The Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States?_ （ A） It came into being in 1997 （ B） It is made up of policy-makers, technologists and senior military officials （ C） Its members can get
31、 the highly classified information （ D） Its chairman Donald Rumsfield now is also the secretary of defense 29 From the third paragraph we know that_ （ A） Iran has the technology of producing Scud missile （ B） some countries could send long-range missile right after they decide to do so （ C） Iraq can
32、 not become a missile threat to America now （ D） both A and C 30 According to the last paragraph, which of the, following statements is NOT true?_ （ A） The speaker of the House Newt Gingrich thinks the U S. should pay attention to the report （ B） He thinks a committee should be set up to work out so
33、lutions for the missile threat （ C） The White House spokesperson did not offer a clear answer to the report. （ D） Russia, China and North Korea are unlikely to send a missile reaching the US territory before 2010 31 Who knows better than your customers where your operations can be improved? Today, p
34、rogressive firms increasingly rely on advisory councils to suggest improvements, recommend action, and offer feedback on programs and policies. In fact, many companies feel that this form of communication is vital to the continuous improvement of their business operations. A council, among other thi
35、ngs, improves communication and spurs improvement of operations. Remember that the secret to success is dialogue the exchange of ideas and opinions. Focus on problems your customers have. Spell out your goals and objectives. Each meeting should have a specific objective to accomplish. Determine the
36、meetings frequency. If you want to implement a strategic plan, an annual meeting may be enough. If you want to focus on operational issues, more meetings may be needed. A good council will have no more than 12 people, with half of the members from your company and half your customers. It should also
37、 have diversity in its membership. Members should serve from one to three years-rotation of membership will ensure the council doesnt become stale. Find an approximate meeting site, whether its in-house or off site, where there will be no interruptions. You should pay for all the expenses related to
38、 the meeting remember, the council members are providing your company with a service. Treat them as your guests and your experts. If you have a fixed beginning and ending time to your meeting, stick to it. When structuring the meeting, remember the 80720 problem-solving rule. Structure the meeting s
39、o that 20 percent of the time is spent identifying or discussing a problem and 80 percent of the time is spent designing a solution. Often it is helpful to have a person act as timekeeper and announce when the agenda time for a particular item has expired. However, during the meeting, be flexible. T
40、he facilitator can allow. the group to decide whether to move on to the next item or extend the discussion. As you go along, look to narrow the differences among members and form a consensus. As the meeting closes, summarize what was accomplished, checking for agreement and commitment among the memb
41、ers. Make a detailed list of the follow-up items, who has responsibility for each item, and a timeline for completion. The results from really listening to and learning from your customers in a well-run advisory council can pay huge dividends. 31 Why does the writer put the suggestion that, advisory
42、 councils should be set up_ （ A） Because they can influence business operations （ B） because business improvements depend on communication with them （ C） Because they are heavily relied on by prosperous companies （ D） Because goals and objectives are set out by them 32 What seems to be the most impo
43、rtant thing you have to decide on before a meeting starts? _ （ A） The length of the agenda （ B） The frequency of the meetings （ C） A specific objective to accomplish （ D） Operational issues 33 Which of the following is excluded among the suggested requirements for the make-up of an ideal council?_ （
44、 A） 50 to 50 representation from the company and its customers respectively （ B） Changeable membership （ C） Members of different types （ D） Members should move around for more suggestions 34 Who should pay for the expenses of the meetings and why?_ （ A） Council members should because they spend all
45、the money （ B） The company should because it will profit from them （ C） Customers should because they reap the profit in the end （ D） The organizers should because it is their responsibility 35 What is the main principle to be observed in following the procedures?_ （ A） Flexibility （ B） Strictness （
46、 C） Practicality （ D） Understanding 36 A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are,
47、of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and n many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dul
48、l existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome source of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Some
49、one traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life, if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situa
