1、考研英语模拟试卷 78及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The (1)_ of the fluorescent tube (2)_ a major revolution in the development of better and cheaper lighting. First shown at the New Y
2、ork and San Francisco World (3)_ in 1939, this more efficient, more diffuse, longer-lived lamp has been (4)_ improved, so that slowly it (5)_ the supremacy of the incandescent household globe. The fluorescent tube (6)_ Australian homes, shops and factories today is seven or eight times (7)_ the tube
3、s that brought shadow-free lighting to many of Britains wartime factories. Its (8)_ too, is much greater from 2,000 hours in 1940 to mc/re than 7, 500 hours today. But (9)_ its (10)_ use for more than 30 years, the fluorescent tube remains a (11)_ to many of its users. It is built (12)_ a completely
4、 different (13)_ from the incandescent light. In the incandescent bulb, a tungsten wire (14)_ than a human hair, is brought to white-hot temperature by passing an electric (15)_ through it. In the fluorescent tube a stream of electrons bombards a gas containing mercury, (16)_ invisible ultraviolet r
5、adiation. The ultraviolet rays hit the fluorescent coating that (17)_ the tube, (18)_ it to grow. A 40 watt fluorescent tube gives twice as much light as a 100.watt tungsten globe, (19)_ about five times as long, and runs cool enough to (20)_ higher levels of light. （ A） discovery （ B） invention （ C
6、） convention （ D） creation （ A） brought in （ B） brought for （ C） brought about （ D） brought around （ A） Markets （ B） Affairs （ C） Centers （ D） Fairs （ A） constantly （ B） consistently （ C） permanently （ D） instantly （ A） changes （ B） gains （ C） challenges （ D） lunges （ A） lighting （ B） lighted （ C） l
7、it （ D） lightening （ A） more efficient as （ B） so efficient than （ C） so efficient as （ D） as efficient as （ A） lifeline （ B） lifework （ C） lifespan （ D） lifeguard （ A） despite （ B） besides （ C） except （ D） owing to （ A） long （ B） extensive （ C） exquisite （ D） extreme （ A） myth （ B） legend （ C） secr
8、et （ D） mystery （ A） on （ B） by （ C） with （ D） from （ A） basis （ B） principle （ C） idea （ D） thesis （ A） nicer （ B） thinner （ C） finer （ D） better （ A） current （ B） stream （ C） flow （ D） flight （ A） leading to （ B） resulting from （ C） resulting in （ D） bringing in （ A） lines （ B） darkens （ C） protec
9、ts （ D） brightens （ A） making （ B） makes （ C） causes （ D） causing （ A） survives （ B） remains （ C） lasts （ D） continues （ A） allow （ B） permit （ C） reject （ D） absorb Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The wo
10、rd conservation has a thrifty(节俭 ) meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea the human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, e
11、ven until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless“ and “inexhaustible“. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy co
12、ndition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others. Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be bought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were no
13、t national problems and nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation“ had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today. For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our f
14、orefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the running current
15、 of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of mans fellow creatures o
16、n this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can. 21 The authors attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is_ （
17、 A） positive （ B） neutral （ C） suspicious （ D） critical 22 According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that_ （ A） they had no idea about scientific forestry （ B） they had little or no sense of environmental protection （ C） they were not aware of the significance of nature st
18、udy （ D） they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials 23 It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didnt realize_ （ A） the interdependence of water, soils and living things （ B） the importance of the proper land use （ C） the harmfulness of soil destruction and river f
19、loods （ D） the extraordinary rapid growth of population 24 With a view to correcting the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that_ （ A） we plant more trees （ B） we be taught environmental science, as well as the science of plants （ C） environmental education be directed toward everyone
20、（ D） we return to nature 25 What does the author imply by saying “living space, is figured, also in cubic volume_above the earth“(in para 3)? （ A） Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller （ B） Our living space should be measured in cubic volume （ C） We need to take some measures
21、to protect space （ D） We must create better living conditions for both birds and animals 26 Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quirk-fix solution
22、that will not alleviate the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing do you a 1950s-style construct
23、ion program. The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by, treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of this advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, r
24、adio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic. Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stre
25、tch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor“, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communications linked to properly equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested ro
26、utes or detours. Not all traffic experts, l however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem. “Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the pro
27、blem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,“ explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the Worldwatch Institute. “It doesnt deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that cant be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message. They start thinking. Yes, there used to be a
28、 traffic congestion problem, but thats been solved now because we have an advanced high-tech system in place. Larson agrees and adds, Smart highways is just one of the tools that we will use to deal with our traffic problems. Its not the solution itself, just part of the package. There are different
29、 strategies.“ Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway. It seems that we need a new, m
30、ajor thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change. 26 What is the appropriate title for the passage?_ （ A） Smart Highway Projects The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion （ B） A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems （ C） A Venture to Remedy Tra
31、ffic Woes （ D） Highways Get Smart Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock 27 The compound word “quick-fix“ in Paragraph 1, Sentence 3 is the closest in meaning to_ （ A） an optimal solution （ B） an expedient solution （ C） a ready solution （ D） an efficient solution 28 According to the passage
32、, the smart highway technology is aimed to_ （ A） deploy sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways （ B） provide passenger vehicles with a variety of services （ C） optimize the highway capabilities （ D） improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors 29 According to Larson, to
33、redress the traffic problem_ （ A） car pooling must be studied （ B） rapid mass-transit systems must be introduced （ C） flexible work hours, must be experimented （ D） overall strategies must be coordinated 30 Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage?_ （ A） Two contra
34、sting views of a problem are presented （ B） A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered （ C） Latest developments are outlined in order of importance （ D） An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized 31 The case for college has been accepted without question
35、 for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better“ people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who dont go. But college has never been able to work its
36、 magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each others experiments and write false letters
37、 of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out often encouraged by college administrators. Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But
38、 thats a c6ndemnation of the students as a whole, and doesnt explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. Weve been, told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds either. Some ad
39、venturesome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glo
40、w of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesnt make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things maybe its just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to colle
41、ge in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beg
42、inning to mount up. 31 What does the author believe according to the passage?_ （ A） People used to question the value of college education （ B） People used to have full confidence in higher education （ C） All high school graduates went to college （ D） Very few high school graduates chose to go to co
43、llege 32 In the second paragraph, “those who dont fit the pattern“ refers to_ （ A） high school graduates who arent suitable for college education （ B） college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis （ C） college students who arent any better for their higher education （ D） high school grad
44、uates who failed to be admitted to college 33 Why does the drop-out rate of college students seem to go up?_ （ A） Young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college （ B） Many young people are required to join the army （ C） Young people have little motivation in pursuing a
45、 higher education （ D） Young people dont like the intense competition for admission to graduate school 34 According to the passage, the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that_ （ A） society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates （ B） high school gradu
46、ates do not fit the pattern of college education （ C） too many students have to earn their own living （ D） college administrators encourage students to drop out 35 In this passage the author argues that_ （ A） more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high schoo gra
47、duates （ B） college education is not enough if one wants to be successfu （ C） college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-leaning people （ D） intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college 36 There are two types of people in the world. Although they have eq
48、ual degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on th
49、e conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually, discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everyw
