1、考研英语模拟试卷 66及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Cigarettes can seriously damage your countryside. Fanned by 112km/h Santa Ana winds, fire swept across 4,250 hectares near the mount
2、ain community of Alpine, California. More than 650 people were (1)_ immediately from their homes. As 800 firefighters (2)_ to control the conflagration (a large, destructive fire 大火 ), (3)_ of smoke (4)_ over 9,000m and sent clouds of (5)_ drifting across San Diego, nearly 50km away. A (6)_ of air t
3、ankers (a cargo plane carrying water or fuel 运送水或燃料的飞机 ) and helicopters (7)_ water and fire-retarding (8)_ over the area. Firefighters believe the (9)_ was started by a (10)_ discarded cigarette. California, (11)_ raining at this time of year, had only 1mm of precipitation (rain; a quantity of rain
4、 in a specific area at a specific time) in December, making (12)_ the states (13)_ winter month in 70 years. In the 1970s (14)_ homes and ranches in the mountains near Alpine were (15)_ by wildfire. After that (16)_ resident Mary Titus wrote herself (17)_ about what to do, should another fire (18)_
5、force her to flee. “I had a list of (19)_ I could take if I had five minutes and a list of what I could take if I had 30 minutes.“ She said, “I had 30 minutes, I was (20)_ “ （ A） evacuated （ B） slip （ C） run （ D） rush （ A） struck （ B） fought （ C） struggled （ D） trial （ A） sets （ B） columns （ C） rows
6、 （ D） arrays （ A） rose （ B） rise （ C） raise （ D） raised （ A） ash （ B） ass （ C） as （ D） ah （ A） armada （ B） line （ C） fleet （ D） group （ A） splashed （ B） dropped （ C） fell （ D） dripped （ A） chemicals （ B） substance （ C） chemistry （ D） element （ A） spark （ B） flash （ C） blaze （ D） glow （ A） single （ B
7、） unique （ C） rare （ D） only （ A） formally （ B） normally （ C） morally （ D） formerly （ A） it （ B） that （ C） which （ D） what （ A） wet （ B） dry （ C） drier （ D） driest （ A） main （ B） large （ C） major （ D） principal （ A） destroying （ B） destroyed （ C） destructed （ D） destructing （ A） experiment （ B） tria
8、l （ C） experience （ D） event （ A） reminders （ B） notes （ C） diaries （ D） warning （ A） still （ B） ever （ C） never （ D） yet （ A） what （ B） that （ C） which （ D） it （ A） luck （ B） unlucky （ C） lucky （ D） unfortunate Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b
9、y choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Permit me first to thank our Chinese hosts for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality. My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful. In the short period of six days, we have gone a longer distance than the Long March. We have acquir
10、ed a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world. More than eight years have passed since vice premier Deng Xiaoping and I joined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two great nations. Our hope and v
11、ision was to forge a Sino-American relationship which would contribute to world peace and the welfare of our two peoples. I personally looked upon the forging of firm Sino-American ties as a historically significant experiment. We faced the question in 1978, as to some extent we still do today: Can
12、two nations as different as ours yours one of the oldest civilizations on earth, mine one of the youngest; yours a socialist state and mine committed to capitalism; yours a developing country and mine a developed one can two nations surmount and indeed draw upon these differences to build an unprece
13、dented and distinctive relationship in world affairs? If we are successful, in one great step our two nations will have been able to ease one of the greatest sources of tension in international affairs: that between the developing and developed worlds. We still have a long way to go, and it is still
14、 too early to conclude that our experiment will culminate in success, but certainly the results of the first ten years are promising. Sino-American ties have become extensive, affecting all aspects of our national lives: commerce, culture, education, scientific exchange and our separate national sec
15、urity policies. Im most proud of the large number of Chinese students being educated in our country now about 18000. I teach some of them and see the benefits that come from this exchange. At the same time, we are learning valuable lessons from you. Nonetheless, problems remain in our economic, educ
16、ational and strategic relations. As a private American citizen I recognize that many of the burdens and opportunities of our relationship have now passed to the non-governmental sectors of our two societies: to individuals, our corporations, universities, research institutes, foundations, and so on.
17、 There is no doubt that Sino-American relations have reached a new stage. In this context, it is important for our two societies to search for areas of cooperation which clearly add to our mutual benefit. In that regard, Im delighted that Global 2000-BCCI is launching two projects in the area of pub
18、lic health. Although ours is relatively quite small, such activities, when combined with our common foreign policy interests and a growing commercial relationship, should help to remove the lingering fragility in Si- no-American relations. 21 By saying “.we have gone a longer distance than the Long
19、March“ in the first paragraph, the speaker intends to_. （ A） show that their visit is more important than the Long March （ B） show that they are very busy during the visit （ C） inform the audience of his tiresome feeling of his long distance travel （ D） emphasize the success his visit to China 22 Th
20、e Sino-American relationship is of great importance because_. （ A） the two nations are different in their systems （ B） the two nations are big ones （ C） the world peace and the welfare of the two peoples may be further guaranteed （ D） the two nations belong to different worlds 23 According to paragr
21、aph 3, the author tries to emphasize_. （ A） the promising future of Sino-American relationship （ B） the difficulties involved in Sino-American relationship （ C） the differences between the two nations （ D） the slim possibilities in further developing the relations between the two nations 24 Which of
22、 the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?_. （ A） The speaker has been deeply impressed by the great change in China. （ B） The speaker has little confidence in the future of Sino-American relations. （ C） There are still many problems to be solved concerning Sino-American relatio
23、ns. （ D） There are more and more non-governmental contacts between the two nations. 25 Which of the following may best describe the tone of the speech by the former U.S. President Carter? （ A） Doubtful and uncertain （ B） Friendly and hopeful （ C） Serious and critical （ D） Casual and friendly 26 The
24、physicist investigating the relationship between time and space, the chemist is exploring the properties of a new substance, the biologist probing the mysteries of the continuity of life, and the anthropologist searching for human origins share a common trait curiosity. Not that nonscientists are no
25、t curious; most people possess this characteristic. The scientist, however, uses a specific method to make researches into these enigmatic problems the scientific method. Unfortunately, science and its method are misunderstood. The multiplication of our knowledge in medicine and technology has led t
26、o idea that science can cure all and explain all and that only enough time, money and intelligence are needed. In truth, science cant provide all answers. In fact, many phenomena are not even subject to scientific explanations. On the other side of the coin, science has been attacked as a cause of m
27、ost contemporary problems. It is said to be responsible for the depersonalization of the individual, for stripping creativity from human behavior, and for creating massive threats to the species through the development of nuclear power, insecticide and polluting machinery. If we analyze the situatio
28、n, we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind, nor was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity. It is what society, policymakers especially, does with scientific and achievements that makes them social or antisocial. Ther
29、e is nothing inherently good or bad about science. 26 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? _. （ A） Scientists and their curiosity （ B） Understandings of science （ C） Science and scientific method （ D） Misunderstandings of science 27 The last sentence of paragraph 2 could be expla
30、ined as which of the following? _. （ A） Many phenomena can be subjects of scientific explanations （ B） Many phenomena can find answers in scientific explanations （ C） Scientific explanations cant provide answers to many phenomena （ D） Scientific explanations are not related to many phenomena 28 The
31、expression “to debase humankind in para. 3 could be explained as_. （ A） to provide base to humankind （ B） to reduce the value of humankind （ C） to get rid of humankind （ D） to compete with humankind 29 According to the last paragraph, which of the following will be accepted by the author?_. （ A） Sci
32、ence is the cause of modem problems （ B） Science itself is neither good nor bad （ C） Science leads to environmental pollution （ D） Science causes many antisocial acts 30 In the expression “On the other side of the coin “in Para. 3 “the coin “is used to refer to _. （ A） the misunderstanding of scienc
33、e （ B） the scientific explanation （ C） the money needed in scientific research （ D） the curiosity of scientists and nonscientists 31 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed, h is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or wh
34、y one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the m
35、atter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our per
36、sonalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to
37、 such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture “theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner see
38、s humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Either of these theories cannot yet fully exp
39、lain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 31 Which one of the following statements would supporters of the “nature“ theory agree with? （ A） A persons instinct
40、s have little effect on his action （ B） Environment is important in determining a persons behavior and personality （ C） Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act （ D） The behaviorists view correctly explains how we act 32 Which one of the following statements would proponents of the “
41、nurture “theory agree with?_. （ A） Persons character is greatly influenced by his environment （ B） Behaviorist theory is not correct （ C） Biologically based instincts are important in how we act （ D） Environment has little to do with behavior 33 B.F. Skinner_. （ A） supports the nature theory （ B） be
42、lieves in the importance of genes in determining personality （ C） thinks the environment plays an important role in determining character （ D） believes instincts govern behavior 34 Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article_. （ A） supports the nature theory （ B） supports t
43、he nurture theory （ C） believes both are completely wrong （ D） thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories 35 In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests, with this in mind, which one of the following statements
44、 is NOT TRUE?_. （ A） Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks （ B） Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment （ C） Behaviorists would say that Black often lack the educational and environmental nadvantag
45、es that Whites enjoy （ D） Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to whites 36 Learning science helps children to develop ways of understanding the world around them. For this they have to build up concepts which help them link their experiences together; they must le
46、arn ways of gaining and organizing information and of applying and testing ideas. This contributes not only to childrens ability to make better sense of things around them, but prepares them to deal more effectively with wider decision-making and problem-solving in their lives. Science is as basic a
47、 part of education as numeracy and literacy; it daily becomes more important as the complexity of technology increases and touches every part of our lives. Learning science can bring a double benefit because science is both a method and a set of ideas; both a process and a product. The process of sc
48、ience provide a way of finding out information, testing ideas and seeking explanations. The products of science are ideas which can be applied in helping to understand new experiences. The word “can“ is used advisedly here; it indicates that there is the potential to bring these benefits but no guar
49、antee that they will be realized without taking the appropriate steps. In learning science the development of the process side and the product side must go hand in hand; they are totally interdependent. This has important implications for the kinds of activities children need to encounter in their education. But before pursuing these implications, there are still two further important points which underline the value of inc
