1、考研英语模拟试卷 51及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union
2、among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (1)_ themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (2)_ 10 percent of the previous years government (3)_; redu
3、cing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (4)_ macroeconomic policies; and (5)_ up a common central bank. Their declaration (6)_ that, “Member States (7)_ the need (8)_ strong political commitment and (9)_ to (10)_ all such national policie
4、s (11)_ would facilitate the regional monetary integration process“. The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (12)_ broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (13)_ i
5、nstitutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (14)_ independence, (15)_, these currency boards were (16)_, with the (17)_ of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the age
6、nda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the regions countries have to (18)_ inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in I999 of a democratic government and a leader who is co
7、mmitted to regional (19)_ in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (20)_. （ A） committed （ B） devoted （ C） adjusted （ D） attributed （ A） to （ B） by （ C） with （ D） until （ A） finance （ B） profit （ C） income （ D） revenue （ A） coordinate （ B） dra
8、ft （ C） ordinate （ D） compromise （ A） building （ B） setting （ C） founding （ D） erecting （ A） says （ B） writes （ C） reads （ D） states （ A） accept （ B） understand （ C） recognize （ D） realize （ A） for （ B） of （ C） with （ D） without （ A） commence （ B） undertake （ C） initiate （ D） try （ A） pursue （ B） se
9、ek （ C） quest （ D） explore （ A） which （ B） that （ C） as （ D） what （ A） accompany （ B） enforce （ C） execute （ D） compel （ A） common （ B） separate （ C） several （ D） public （ A） Towards （ B） From （ C） By （ D） On （ A） therefore （ B） moreover （ C） however （ D） thus （ A） dissolved （ B） discharged （ C） dis
10、missed （ D） dispelled （ A） consideration （ B） intention （ C） exception （ D） regard （ A） date （ B） degree （ C） extent （ D） a way （ A） development （ B） prosperity （ C） integration （ D） cooperation （ A） revived （ B） renew （ C） restore （ D） refreshed Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Ans
11、wer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for “academic mobility“ is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated
12、in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold. Mobility of this kind me
13、ant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a
14、 new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect. In the twentieth century, and particu
15、larly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmi
16、ssion of knowledge. Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number
17、 of scholars and students. In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These peo
18、ple would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries. Frequently these specializations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a l
19、ong time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other
20、 in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus. But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been
21、 an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a gre
22、at deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences. 21 According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because_. （ A） standards are higher at
23、 foreign universities （ B） their governments encourage them to travel （ C） salaries and conditions are better abroad （ D） they are eager for new knowledge 22 The writer says that travel was important in the past because it_. （ A） was a way of spreading ideas （ B） broke down political barriers （ C） l
24、ed to economic progress （ D） made new ideas less schooling 23 The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because_. （ A） there are so many people working in similar fields （ B） there is a lot of social unrest at universities （ C） their follow experts are scattered rou
25、nd the world （ D） their laboratories are in remote places 24 The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to _. （ A） spend less time travelling （ B） cut down research costs （ C） develop their ideas more quickly （ D） keep up with current developments 2
26、5 Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of_. （ A） friendships formed by scholars at meetings （ B） articles in learned journals （ C） the work of international agencies （ D） programs initiated by governments 26 To understand how astrology works, we should fir
27、st take a quick look at the sky. Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth. Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere. As the eart
28、h, spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earths axis of rotation. This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fi
29、xed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth. Thus the stars were called fixed stars. The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients be
30、lieved the earth was fixed and the sun had an independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of abou
31、t thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year. The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky. The moon, however, changes its position relatively rapidly. Although it appears to rise and set each
32、day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so. The moons path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earths path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky. There
33、are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere. These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn. All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, l
34、ike the moon, always appear near the ecliptic. Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well. 26 The ancient people b
35、elieved that_. （ A） the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky （ B） the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth （ C） the patterns of stars on the sky would never change （ D） the stars around the sky were not stationary 27 Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? （ A）
36、 The moon and the sun are moving in the same plane. （ B） The moon revolved along the ecliptic. （ C） The moon moves faster than the sun. （ D） The position of the moon can be found changed in an hours time. 28 It is stated in astrology that_. （ A） the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to foll
37、ow its motion （ B） the sun was moving westward around the sky （ C） the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week （ D） the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun 29 All the other five planets_. （ A） always appear near the path of the sun （
38、 B） are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does （ C） arent moving around the sun as independently as the earth does （ D） are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does 30 According to the passage which of the following is true? （ A） A fixed star refers a star that is alwa
39、ys stationary on the sky. （ B） Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planets. （ C） Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the stars. （ D） All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year around. 31 In one very long sentence, the introduction t
40、o the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the people whose governments joined together to form the U.N. “We, the people of the U.N., determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to
41、reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations, large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can b
42、e maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the accepta
43、nce of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims“. The name “Unit
44、ed Nations“ is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member States met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Years Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944.
45、 These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was
46、 added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U.S.S.R.U., the U.K. and the U.S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universall
47、y celebrated as United Nations Day. The essential functions of the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human righ
48、ts and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations on attaining these common ends. No country takes precedence over another in the U.N. Each members rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international dispute, and
49、members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. 31 Under its Charter, the first stated aim of the U.N. was （ A） to promote social progress （ B） to prevent a third world war （ C） to revise international laws （ D） to maintain international peace 32 What did President Roosevelt have to do with the United Nations? （ A） He established “The United Nations“. （ B） He was given the name “The United Nations“. （ C） He was a credit t
