1、考研英语模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Even the Saudis or rather, the small number of men who actually rule their troubled country are giving ground in the struggle for wom
2、ens rights. For sure, the recommendations (1)_ this week to Crown Prince Abdullah at the end of an (2)_ round of “national dialogue“ concentrating on the role of women were fairly tame. in the reformers-versus-reactionaries (3)_ test of whether women should, be allowed to drive cars (at present they
3、 cannot do so in the kingdom, nor can they travel unaccompanied, by whatever (4)_ of motion), the king was merely asked to“ (5)_ a body to study a public-transport system for women to facilitate mobility“. (6)_ mention, of course, of the right to vote but then that has been (7)_ to men too, though l
4、ocal elections, on an apparently universal franchise, are supposed to be held in October. In sum, it is a tortoises progress. But the very fact of the debate happening at all is (8)_ and hopeful. It is not just in Saudi Arabia that more rights for women are being demanded (9)_ across the whole of th
5、e Arab and Muslim world. The pushy Americans have made womens rights part of their appeal for greater democracy in (10)_ they now officially call the “broader Middle East“, to include non-Arab Muslim countries such as Iran, Turkey and even Afghanistan. Many Arabs have cautioned the Americans against
6、 seeking to (11)_ their own values on societies with such different traditions and (12)_. Many leading Muslims have (13)_ the culturally imperious Americans of seeking to (14)_ Islam. The (15)_ for more democracy in the Muslim world issued by leaders of the eight biggest industrial countries was wat
7、ered down for fear of giving (16)_. Yet, despite the Arabs prickliness, the Americans have helped pep up a debate that is now bubbling fiercely in the Arab world, even (17)_ many Arab leaders, none of whom is directly elected by the people, are understandably (18)_ of reforms that could lead to thei
8、r own toppling. Never before have womens rights in the Arab world been so (19)_ debated. That (20)_ is cause to rejoice. （ A） remoulded （ B） inherited （ C） accorded （ D） handed （ A） unprecedented （ B） unquenchable （ C） unorthodox （ D） unmatched （ A） tenor （ B） gist （ C） glamour （ D） litmus （ A） meta
9、bolism （ B） means （ C） metaphrase （ D） methodology （ A） assign （ B） assuage （ C） assume （ D） attest （ A） Not （ B） Never （ C） No （ D） Scarcely （ A） discounted （ B） demurred （ C） discredited （ D） denied （ A） melodious （ B） remarkable （ C） mercurial （ D） resistant （ A） otherwise （ B） but （ C） thereat （
10、 D） whereupon （ A） what （ B） that （ C） whether （ D） which （ A） sanction （ B） impose （ C） inhibit （ D） license （ A） strategies （ B） ideals （ C） beliefs （ D） tactics （ A） robbed （ B） accused （ C） relieved （ D） stripped （ A） destroy （ B） defy （ C） decimate （ D） dilute （ A） vicinity （ B） collaboration （
11、 C） appeal （ D） flattery （ A） offence （ B） collapse （ C） disaster （ D） passivism （ A） as （ B） so （ C） then （ D） though （ A） aware （ B） supportive （ C） wary （ D） indicative （ A） latently （ B） monotonously （ C） moderately （ D） vigorously （ A） lonely （ B） solo （ C） alone （ D） logo Part A Directions: Re
12、ad the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only rece
13、ntly that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, arid that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approa
14、ch the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “beyond dispute“. We can safely say, with
15、 a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted thr
16、oughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs i
17、n peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined a
18、ccording to the “place“ appropriate to each. Womens place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which con
19、ferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved“. To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence
20、developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstance
21、s, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence. Notes: immutable 不可改变的。 dualism 双重论。 divergence 分歧，偏离。 overlapping 部分重合、一致。 time-honored 由来已久的。 dichotomy 一分为二
22、，对立。 sequester 使隔离。 be caught up in 被缠住于，如： He is caught up in the trivia (琐事 ) of everyday things, unduly 过度地，不恰当地。 21 It is only in recent years that we have recognized that _. （ A） there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes. （ B） the role distinction between different sexes is conspicu
23、ous. （ C） the different definitions of sexes bear on the development of culture. （ D） the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes. 22 From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because _. （ A） the change in sex roles is out
24、 of the question. （ B） womens lib has been going on for many years. （ C） ideas about the roles of women have been changing. （ D） the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the womens roles. 23 The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was _. （ A） preferable. （ B） preva
25、lent. （ C） presumable. （ D） precedent. 24 According to the fourth paragraph, the author seems to think that _. （ A） female Passivity is natural. （ B） men and women are physically identical. （ C） men are born competitive and aggressive. （ D） some different sex identity is acquired. 25 According to th
26、e author, which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work? （ A） Wish to claim their rights and freedom. （ B） Ambition and self-fulfillment. （ C） Financial incentives. （ D） Desire for a social life. 26 The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigo
27、rous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate
28、of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tens
29、ions. The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong ex
30、pansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient le
31、eway existed in terms of idle men and machines. The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which w
32、as with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outco
33、me will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance. The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead and indeed
34、 for the longer run remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our Competitive posture inte
35、rnationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the eco
36、nomys larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided. Notes: inventory n.存货。 East-West tensions 东西方紧张局势。 fiscal (与国库的钱有关的 )财务的 (常指税收 )。 liquidity 周转率，清偿力。 leeway n.回旋，余地。 given 鉴于，由于。 the Phase Three program 第三个阶段计划。 26 The author mentions increased installme
37、nt debt in the first paragraph in order to show _. （ A） the continuing expansion of the economy. （ B） the growth of consumer purchasing power. （ C） the consumers confidence in the economy. （ D） the soaring consumer incomes for spending. 27 Paragraph 2 mainly deals with _. （ A） the revival of stronge
38、r liquidity positions. （ B） the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies. （ C） the causes of business development for the period. （ D） economic policy measures suggested by the President. 28 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the authors attitude towards the reduction of the internatio
39、nal payments deficit seems _. （ A） bitter-sweet. （ B） optimistic. （ C） sympathetic （ D） depressing. 29 Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to _. （ A） prevent payments deficit. （ B） avoid inflationary pressures. （ C） devalue the dollar. （ D） increase the balance of trade. 30 I
40、t can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three program contained _. （ A） reduced government spending. （ B） devaluation of the dollar. （ C） productivity measures. （ D） wage and price controls. 31 Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our
41、 fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of
42、the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply. Advertisers now place “banners“, links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, t
43、hus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, well click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised. Initial results have been positive. Web
44、 sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technolog
45、y, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits. The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as
46、well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viabl
47、e and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry. With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses o
48、ver their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the World Wide Web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed. Notes: on a whim 心血来潮。 surf v.冲浪。 in
49、theory在理论上 ，顺理成章。 hosting 访问率高的。 call.into question 质疑，对 提出疑问。 31 It can be learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertising _. （ A） has taken the place of more traditional methods of advertising. （ B） is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web. （ C） is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings. （ D） seeks to tempt customers through impulse shopping methods. 32 The second and third paragraphs are
