1、考研英语模拟试卷 179及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week (1)_ its customary warning about the suns ultra
2、violet rays: (2)_, it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3)_ a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4)_ in the middle of the day, and slap (5)_ suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above. We all know it (6)_ its the message thats been drumm
3、ed into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7)_ But now theres a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the messages clarity. It comes (8)_ a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesnt kill; in fact, it does us the world of (9)_.
4、 Whats killing us, he says, is our (10)_ with protecting ourselves from skin cancer. Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11)_ down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12)_ his startling and at first appearance off-the-wall new calculation that (13)_ excessive exposure to the
5、 sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14)_ exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15)_ we sunned ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16)_
6、 is insignificant. The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17)_ in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18)_ vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19)_ 17 different types of cancer including melanoma, os
7、teoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20)_. （ A） issued （ B） claimed （ C） declared （ D） announced （ A） qualified （ B） relating （ C） responsible （ D） resulting （ A） Put on （ B） Take to （ C） Turn to （ D） Put off （ A） darkness （ B） ray （ C） shade （ D） sunlight （ A） with （ B）
8、on （ C） in （ D） onto （ A） stands water （ B） reasonable （ C） sound （ D） makes sentse （ A） devastates （ B） kills （ C） hurts （ D） injures （ A） on the basis of （ B） in the light of （ C） by means of （ D） in the form of （ A） good （ B） goodness （ C） benefits （ D） profits （ A） obesity （ B） obsession （ C） ob
9、scurity （ D） obscenity （ A） downside （ B） inside （ C） upside （ D） outside （ A） undermined （ B） uncovered （ C） disclosed （ D） revealed （ A） because （ B） as （ C） while （ D） when （ A） efficient （ B） proficient （ C） ample （ D） insufficient （ A） if （ B） unless （ C） lest （ D） since （ A） haphazard （ B） ris
10、k （ C） hazard （ D） danger （ A） invented （ B） founded （ C） renovated （ D） produced （ A） established （ B） convinced （ C） convicted （ D） witnessed （ A） for （ B） from （ C） by （ D） behind （ A） sickness （ B） symptoms （ C） disorders （ D） syndrome Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the
11、 questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 When young people who want to be journalists ask me what subject they should study after leaving school, I tell them: “Anything except journalism or media studies. Most veterans of my trade would say the same. It is practical advice
12、. For obvious reasons, newspaper editors like to employ people who can bring something other than a knowledge of the media to the party that we call our work. On The Daily Telegraph, for example, the editor of London Spy is a theologian by academic training. The obituaries editor is a philosopher. T
13、he editor of our student magazine, Juice, studied physics. As for myself, I read history, ancient and modern, at the taxpayers expense. I am not sure what Charles Clarke, the Education Secretary, would make of all this. If I understand him correctly, he would think that the public money spent on tea
14、ching this huge range of disciplines to the staff of The Daily Telegraph was pretty much wasted. The only academic course of which he would wholeheartedly approve in the list above would be physics but then again, he would probably think it a terrible waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instea
15、d of designing aeroplanes or building nuclear reactors. By that, he seems to mean that everything taught at the public expense should have a direct, practical application that will benefit society and the economy. It is extremely alarming that the man in charge of Britains education system should th
16、ink in this narrow-minded, half-witted way. The truth, of course, is that all academic disciplines benefit society and the economy, whether in a direct and obvious way or not. They teach students to think to process information and to distinguish between what is important and unimportant, true and u
17、ntrue. Above all, a country in which academic research and intelligent ideas are allowed to flourish is clearly a much more interesting, stimulating and enjoyable place than one without “ornaments“, in which money and usefulness are all that count. Mr. Clarke certainly has a point when he says that
18、much of what is taught in Britains universities is useless. But it is useless for a far more serious reason than that it lacks any obvious economic utility. As the extraordinarily high drop-out rate testifies, it is useless because it fails the first test of university teaching that it should stimul
19、ate the interest of those being taught. When students themselves think that their courses are a waste of time and money, then a waste they are. The answer is not to cut off state funding for the humanities. It is to offer short, no- nonsense vocational courses to those who want to learn a trade, and
20、 reserve university places for those who want to pursue an academic discipline. By this means, a great deal of wasted money could be saved and all students the academic and the not-so-academic would benefit. What Mr. Clarke seems to be proposing instead is an act of cultural vandalism that would rob
21、 Britain of all claim to be called a civilised country. 21 The second paragraph is meant to demonstrate that_. （ A） students of other disciplines than journalism are preferred employees of newspapers （ B） young people should learn other subjects than journalism after leaving school （ C） veterans of
22、the authors trade would give the same advice to puzzled youngsters （ D） young people should diversify their learning subjects to be better employed 22 Charles Clarke as described in the passage would probably agree that_. （ A） philosophy as an academic discipline in college should be canceled （ B） p
23、hysics should be the topmost choice of disciplines for prospective journalists （ C） the Daily Telegraph is poorly staffed and needs rearrangement （ D） there is no reason for the state to pay for subjects of higher education 23 Which of the following is true according to the author? （ A） The role of
24、state-funded universities is to train students for a job. （ B） Every academic subject will do good to society and the economy somehow. （ C） Academic research and intelligent ideas are more important than “ornaments“. （ D） Money and usefulness are the criteria to judge the worth of a discipline. 24 T
25、hat many subjects taught at British colleges are useless is mainly owing to _. （ A） their falling short of the demands of economy （ B） their validity as a discipline being untestified （ C） their failure to meet the standards of university instruction （ D） their inability to arouse the interest of st
26、udents 25 The authors primary purpose in writing this passage is to _. （ A） propose an academic discipline for young people wishing to be journalists （ B） debate both sides of the proper pattern of Britains higher education （ C） condemn Charles Clarke for his improper statements about higher educati
27、on （ D） contrast Charles Clarkes claim about higher education to that of his own 26 Standard the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. (43)_. (44)_. These inventions and discov
28、eries fire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B.C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long peri
29、od man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the e
30、nd of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. (45)_. Notes: ape 猿 pastoral nomad 田园式的游牧部落的人 the Euphrates 幼发拉底河 the Tigris 底格里斯河 the Indus 印度河 in question 所谈的 (在名词后作后置定语 ) A. Pro
31、bably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man. B. Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it h
32、ad reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given. C. With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate
33、with one another. D. The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. E. In fact, there was progress there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariners compass but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such
34、things as speech and writing and agriculture. F. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provid
35、ed. G. But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 46 Psychologists once believed that the motive that
36、 caused men to strive to attain high-level managerial positions was the “need for achievement“. But now they believe it is the “need for power“. Power seekers strive hard to reach positions where they can exercise authority over large numbers of people. (46)Individual performers who lack this drive
37、are not likely to advance far up the managerial ladder. They usually scorn company politics and devote their energies to other types of activities. The power game is part of management, and it is played best by those who enjoy it most. (47)One of the least rational acts of business organizations is
38、that of hiring managers who have a high need to exercise authority, and then teaching them that authoritative methods are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative. (48)It is a serious mistake to teach managers that they should adopt styles that are inconsistent with their unique p
39、ersonalities. Yet this is precisely what a large number of business organizations are doing; and it explains, in part, why their management development programs are not effective. (49)What managerial aspirants should be taught is how to exercise their authority in a way that is appropriate to the si
40、tuation and the people involved. They need to learn that the real source of their power is their own knowledge and skill, and the strength of their own personalities, not the authority conferred on them by their positions. When they lack the knowledge or skill required to perform the work, they need
41、 to know how to share their authority. (50)But when they know What has to be done and have the skill and personality to get it done, they must exercise their traditional authority in whatever way is necessary. Part A Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following i
42、nformation. (10 points) 51 You made a travel with the help of a travel agency and you were disappointed with service. Write a letter to the related department to: 1) complain about bad service; 2) advance your suggestions. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the
43、 letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. Part B Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points) 52 Title: The Teacher-Student Relationship Outline: 1. A good teacher-student relationship benefits both teaching and learning. 2.
44、A teachers behavior is important for the establishment of a good teacher-student relationship. 3. What should a student do for the establishment of a good teacher-student relationship? You should write about 160-200 words neatly. 考研英语模拟试卷 179答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the fol
45、lowing text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查熟悉词汇的准确理解。 issue有 “发布声明，警告 “的意思，符合句意，是正确答案。 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题涉及词语搭配。 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题涉及动词短语的把握。根据上下文， Put on符合句意，为正确答案。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 为了防止得皮肤癌，应避免日晒。 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 sla
46、p on有 “put something on something， quickly and carelessly“(随便地涂上一层 )的含义。 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 符合句意。 stands water应为 holds water(说得通 )才对，reasonable、 sound不符合语法规则。 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查上下文的理解。文章多次谈到了皮肤癌，第三段中又谈到了死亡数字，因此 kills是答案。 devastate(破坏 )。 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考 查及词短语。 in the form of(以 形式 )符合句意，是答案，i
47、n the light of(按照，依据 )。 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 考查动词短语。 do good to sb或是 do sb. good是固定搭配 (对 有益 )，符合句意，是正确答案。 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查词汇知识。 obsession(受 观点的支配 )为正确答案，obesity(肥胖 )， obscurity(不为人知 )， obscenity(下流 )。 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 考查动词短语。 turn.upside down(颠覆 )是正确答案。 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查对词汇的准确理解。这里 revea
48、led是 “显露 “的意思，而并非是 “揭露 “所以可以排除 uncover、 disclose。 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查对句子逻辑关系的把握。这里 while表示对比； 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 上文 excessive是一个提示，由于上下两句构成对比关系，所以excessive的反义词 insufficient(不足的 )是正确答案。 efficient(有效率的 )，proficient(精通的 )， ample(充足的 )。 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查对句子逻辑关系的把握。 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查对词汇的准
49、确理解。 risk含有 “遭受 危险的可能性 “的意思。 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查词汇知识。 found(创立 )为正确答案， renovate(修缮 )。 18 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查对词义 的辨析能力。 establis有 “证实，确立 (观点 )“的意思，符合句意。 convince(使相信 )、 convict(认为 有罪 )， witness(目击 )。 19 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查介词。 behind有 “背后的 (原因 )“的含义。 20 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 disorder作疾病讲时表示 “紊乱 “，与空格前 neurological(神经的 )搭配，符合句意，是正确答案。 symptoms(症状 )， syndrome(综合症 )。 Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the qu
