1、考研英语模拟试卷 148及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion about it, (1)_ develop a point of view. But thi
2、s hasnt stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing (2)_ the early conventional wisdom about digital cameras theyre new (3)_ for you. But theyre not suitable for everyday picture taking. The fans are wrong: More than anything else, digital cameras are radically (4)_ what photography means and
3、what it can be. The venerable medium of photography (5)_ we know it is beginning to seem out of (6)_ with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder (7)_ saving pictures as digital (8)_ and watching them on TV is no less practical and in many ways more (9)_ than fumbling with rolls of film that
4、must be sent off to be (10)_. Paper is also terribly (11)_. Pictures that are incorrectly framed, (12)_,or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints. The digital medium changes the (13)_. Still images that are (14)_ digitally can immediately be shown on a compute
5、r (15)_, a TV screen, or a small liquid-crystal display (LCD) built fight into the camera. And since the points of light that (16)_ an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, (17)_ being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted (18)_. Wha
6、ts it like to (19)_ with one of these digital cameras? Its a little like a first date exciting, confusing and fraught with (20)_. （ A） rather than （ B） let alone （ C） much less （ D） so as to （ A） on （ B） with （ C） to （ D） by （ A） attachments （ B） auxiliaries （ C） attributes （ D） counterparts （ A） re
7、-explaining （ B） rearranging （ C） re-exposing （ D） redefining （ A） though （ B） if （ C） as （ D） unless （ A） rate （ B） pace （ C） step （ D） speed （ A） environment （ B） civilization （ C） community （ D） culture （ A） files （ B） documents （ C） programs （ D） softwares （ A） appealing （ B） facilitating （ C） e
8、nlightening （ D） encouraging （ A） converted （ B） developed （ C） exposed （ D） evolved （ A） unforgiving （ B） unperceiving （ C） unconsidering （ D） unsympathizing （ A） aimed （ B） targeted （ C） focused （ D） pointed （ A） regulations （ B） rules （ C） disciplines （ D） principles （ A） gripped （ B） seized （ C）
9、 grasped （ D） captured （ A） demonstrator （ B） exhibitor （ C） monitor （ D） transmitter （ A） constitute （ B） illumine （ C） penetrate （ D） dissolve （ A） in case （ B） rather than （ C） as well as （ D） as though （ A） on-digit （ B） on-cable （ C） on-line （ D） on-data （ A） fire （ B） maneuver （ C） operate （ D
10、） shoot （ A） chances （ B） probabilities （ C） opportunities （ D） possibilities Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos that
11、related deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published
12、a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis and relate
13、d diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availabi
14、lity and low cost. As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They recommended that, where possible, asbestos free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was emplo
15、yed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibres were less likely to enter the air. The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust
16、 from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner. The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where the asbestos was use
17、d when wet rather than dry. The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was recommended. A critical factor takes place in risk reducti
18、on is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduce
19、d to a reasonably practical minimum. 21 Exposure to asbestos fibres can cause cancer _. （ A） only when asbestos is used in building industry （ B） only when it is used in large quantities （ C） even if it is used in small quantities （ D） if they are used when wet rather than dry 22 Exposure to asbesto
20、s fibres is harmful to peoples health _. （ A） so the use of asbestos is limited （ B） but asbestos will continue to be used for a long time to come （ C） so other new kinds of materials are under development （ D） but they will not be so when ventilation devices are used 23 It can be inferred from the
21、passage that the real danger comes from _. （ A） the asbestos dust that people take in （ B） the contact of the workers skin with asbestos particles （ C） the inferior quality of the asbestos itself （ D） the excessive use of man made asbestos material 24 Evidence from the economists and the building in
22、dustries shows that _. （ A） exposure to asbestos fibres is cancer-causing （ B） asbestos is in extensive use in building industry （ C） use of asbestos is being reduced gradually （ D） exposure to asbestos fibres can be reduced significantly 25 When could the risk of asbestos disappeared according to t
23、he passage? （ A） When we adopt the researchers advice. （ B） When we dont use asbestos. （ C） For many years from now, it will not disappear. （ D） The council have already find ways to prevent the risk. 26 A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isnt easy, marri
24、age has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into disorder. But divorce is so common be-cause people today are unwilling to
25、exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party. Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, net dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of ones fantasies, some of ones legitimate desires h
26、ave to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. “While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bends“, says Dr. Whitaker. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a
27、woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow themselves to stop growing or changing. A divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation(拯救 ) for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be like the first cut of the sur
28、geons knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partners can stay past the breaking up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals(教堂 ) of the world. Marriages that do not fail
29、but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself. 26 According to the author, an ideal marriage life _. （ A） requires considerable sacrifice on both partners （ B） requires that t
30、he couple be emotionally involved （ C） allows for the growth of the husband and wife as a couple and as two individuals （ D） is only an illusion in todays society 27 In Paragraph 2, the word “legitimate“ most probably means _. （ A） lawful （ B） biological （ C） personal （ D） reasonable 28 In the autho
31、rs opinion, a divorce is not an evil act _. （ A） if the marital life is imperfect （ B） if it leads to a more worthwhile life for the two persons （ C） it the couple later get roamed again and and real love （ D） if the couple live far away from each other 29 The author believes the real cause for the
32、increase of divorces today is that_. （ A） people have too many sources of entertainment （ B） people have less internal restraints （ C） people no longer enjoy family life as they did before （ D） people do not want to be confined by marital ties 30 In Paragraph 2, the word “shackled“ means _. （ A） con
33、nected （ B） pleased （ C） restricted （ D） disappointed 31 The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of th
34、eir work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Improve-meats were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were p
35、roduced, Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm. In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mule
36、s gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and m
37、any others. A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation. On the farm lathe United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large
38、devices shake fruit and nut from trees, gain and blend feed, and dry gain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, Space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row. Mechanization is
39、 not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa, Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture in parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land is laborio
40、usly worked by people leading draft animals pal-ling primitive plows. The problems of mechanization in some areas are not only cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made.
41、But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere, Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning. 31 The first paragraph uses several examples to convey the ideas that_
42、. （ A） the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmers （ B） the use of internal combustion engine as a chief power source for the farm produced great influence （ C） the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of th
43、eir work （ D） ingenious improvements were made in fanning machines in the 1860s to yield production 32 In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the word skyrocketed, most probably means _. （ A） became various （ B） was updated （ C） increased rapidly （ D） remained the same 33 In the tropical are
44、as,_. （ A） mechanization is not yet used in agriculture （ B） agriculture is accepted fastest （ C） a lot of farm work is still done in the old way （ D） mechanization is avoided to save primitive forest 34 By saying that “the problems of mechanizing some areas are not only cultural in nature“, the aut
45、hor means_. （ A） mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for economic reasons （ B） human and animal labour in some areas are less expensive （ C） culture is not a factor in obstacling the introduction of mechanization （ D） different kinds of mechanized fanning tools are used in different cu
46、ltures 35 What can we infer from the passage? （ A） Human can be totally replaced by machines in agriculture. （ B） We cannot see mechanization in Africa, （ C） As long as adaptations been made, mechanization will be used in agriculture in tropical area. （ D） The number of farmers who run a farm in Ame
47、rica is less than that of the farmer who run a farm of under developed countries. 36 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-trip
48、ling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So there are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was
49、 given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil experts. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short item. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the
