1、考研英语模拟试卷 143及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully (1)_ only among people he knows well. In the presenc
2、e of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, (2)_ embarrassed. You have only to (3)_ a com muter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most
3、 usual. (4)_, there is here an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, (5)_ broken, makes the person immediately the object of (6)_. It is a well-known fact that the English have a (7)_ for the discussion of their weather and that, given half a chance, they will talk about it (8)_.
4、Some people argue that it is because English weather (9)_ forecast and hence is a source of interest and (10)_ to everyone. This may be so. (11)_ Englishmen cannot have much (12)_ in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (13)_ a cloud
5、over the Atlantic brings rainy weather m all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate or as inaccurate as the weathermen in his (14)_. The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the number of references (15)_ weather that the English make to each other in the course
6、 of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (16)_ by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isnt it?“ “Beautiful!“ may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?“. (17)_ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to
7、 his advantage. (18)_ he wants to start a conversation With an Englishman but is (19)_ to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20)_ an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen. （ A） entertained （ B） relaxed （ C） amused （
8、D） enlightened （ A） yet （ B） otherwise （ C） even （ D） though （ A） experience （ B） undergo （ C） travel （ D） witness （ A） Obviously （ B） Contrarily （ C） Frequently （ D） Practically （ A） unless （ B） if （ C） while （ D） as if （ A） suspicion （ B） opposition （ C） attack （ D） study （ A） passion （ B） fancy （
9、 C） necessity （ D） judgement （ A） at length （ B） to a great extent （ C） from their heart （ D） by all means （ A） follows （ B） predicts （ C） defies （ D） violates （ A） contribution （ B） deduction （ C） contemplation （ D） speculation （ A） Still （ B） Also （ C） Certainly （ D） Fundamentally （ A） faith （ B）
10、reliance （ C） honor （ D） credit （ A） if （ B） once （ C） when （ D） whereas （ A） prepositions （ B） predictions （ C） approval （ D） defiance （ A） about （ B） on （ C） as to （ D） to （ A） replaced （ B） conducted （ C） executed （ D） proposed （ A） Since （ B） Although （ C） However （ D） Before （ A） Even if （ B） B
11、ecause （ C） If （ D） For （ A） at a loss （ B） at last （ C） in fact （ D） on the occasion （ A） stimulate （ B） constitute （ C） furnish （ D） provoke Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Have you ever been afraid to
12、talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date? Many people are afraid to assert themselves, Dr. Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks its because their self-respe
13、ct is low. “Our whole set-up is designed to make people distrust themselves,“ says Alberti, “Theres always superior around a parent, a teacher, a boss who knows better. There superiors often gain when they chip away at your self-image.“ But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help pe
14、ople assert themselves. They offer “assertiveness training“ courses, AT for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more active without hurting other people. In one way, learning to speak ou
15、t is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But, AT uses an even stronger motive the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image.
16、 If someone you face is more “important“ than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense. You go by the other person s demand. But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out. 21 As used the first line,
17、 the phrase “talk back“ means _. （ A） persuade somebody to change his mind （ B） answer showing disagreement （ C） talk and go back （ D） fight bravely 22 The passage mainly discusses the problem that _. （ A） people are easily cheated when they buy something （ B） people are afraid to speak for themselv
18、es （ C） some people think too low of themselves （ D） some people are afraid of superiors 23 We may infer from the passage that the authors attitude towards the whole set-up is _. （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） hostile （ D） appreciative 24 One thing that “Assertiveness Training“ does not do is _. （
19、 A） help people overcome fear （ B） show people they have a right to be themselves （ C） help people to assert themselves even if others suffer （ D） help people to feel good about themselves 25 A best title for this passage is _. （ A） Assertiveness Training （ B） Development of Self-respect （ C） The Im
20、portance of Self-image （ D） How to Feel Good About Yourself 26 Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child
21、 or even an animal, such as a pigeon can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someones personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from
22、others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face“ looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe
23、 a “nice person,“ you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in peoples behavior.
24、And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types people are described with such terms. People have always tried to “type“ each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the
25、 villains(坏人 ) or the heros role. In fact, the words “person“ and “personality“ come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask.“ Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys“ from the “bad guys“ because the two types differ in appearance as well as in
26、actions. 26 The main idea of this passage is _. （ A） how to distinguish peoples faces （ B） how to describe peoples personality （ C） how to distinguish people both inward and outward （ D） how to differ good persons from bad persons 27 The author is most probably a _. （ A） behaviorist （ B） psychologis
27、t （ C） writer （ D） sociologist 28 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Different people may have different personalities. （ B） People differ from each in appearance. （ C） People can learn to recognize faces. （ D） People can describe all the features of others. 29 The reason why it is easier to d
28、escribe a persons personality in words than his face is that _. （ A） a persons face is more complex than his personality （ B） a persons personality is easily distinguished （ C） peoples personalities are very Mike （ D） many words are available when people try to describe ones personality 30 We learn
29、from the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to _. （ A） his way of acting and thinking （ B） his way of speaking and behaving （ C） his learning and behavior （ D） his physical appearance and his personality 31 Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may
30、 be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing; it may be a game of some kind: football, hockey, golf, or tennis; it may be mountaineering. Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to
31、suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games
32、 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and
33、other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a team game. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no matches between teams of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is ob
34、viously team work. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities. A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is proba
35、bly past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste o
36、f effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment. 31 Mountaineering is a sport which involves _. （ A） hardship （ B） cold （ C） physical risk （ D） all of the above 32 The main difference between a sport and a game lies in _. （ A） uniform （ B） activity （ C） rules （ D） skills 33 Mountaineering is
37、 also a team sport because _. （ A） it involves rules （ B） it involves matches between teams （ C） it requires mental and physical qualities （ D） mountaineers depend on each other while climbing 34 Which of the following is true? （ A） Mountaineers compete against each other. （ B） Mountaineers compete
38、against other teams. （ C） Mountaineers compete against nature. （ D） Mountaineers compete against international standard. 35 What is the best title for the passage? （ A） Mountaineering （ B） Mountain Climbers （ C） Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and Football （ D） Mountaineering Is More Dangerous
39、 than Other Sports 36 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority
40、it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling became the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a
41、 bright child will be likely to “play safe“. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats teachers often en courage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the
42、 bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing“. But it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had such feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, b
43、ut if his priorities had centered on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation(动力 ) to seek improvement. 36 Teachers are different in their opinions about _. （ A） the necessity of teaching spelling （ B） the role of spelling
44、 in general language development （ C） the way of teaching spelling （ D） the complexities of the basic writing skills 37 As used in the second paragraph, the expression “play safe“ most probably means _. （ A） to spell correctly （ B） to write smoothly （ C） to avoid using words one is not sure of （ D）
45、to use dictionaries frequently 38 Teachers encourage the students to use dictionaries so that _. （ A） students will be able to write more freely （ B） students will be more skillful in writing （ C） students will be more confident in writing （ D） students will be independent enough 39 The authors tone
46、 is _. （ A） ironic （ B） practical （ C） satirical （ D） critical 40 This passage mainly discusses _. （ A） the necessity of spelling （ B） the role of developing writing skills （ C） the complexities of spelling （ D） the relationship between spelling and the content of writing Part B (10 points) 41 You a
47、re going to read a list of headings and a text about maples. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. A. The influence of maples on the Canadian cul
48、ture. B. The token of maples in Canada. C. Contemplation of global distribution of maples. D. The triumph of Nokomis over the devils with the help of maples. E. The popularity of the maple in a favorite myth. F. The maple signals the approach of fall. The maple smoke of autumn bonfires is incense to
49、 Canadians. Bestowing perfume for the nose, color for the eye, sweetness for the spring tongue, the sugar maple prompts this sharing of a favorite myth and original etymology of the word maple. (41)_. The maple looms large in Ojibwa folk tales. The time of year for sugaring-off is “in the Maple Moon.“ Among Ojibwa, the primordial female figure is Nokomis, a wise grandmother. In
