1、2010年中山大学二外英语考研真题试卷及答案与解析 0 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own【 C1】_the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent【 C2】_of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was【 C3】 _, or by whom. But it began to be【 C4】 _in the early 1900s. Jazz is Ameri
2、ca s contribution to【 C5】_music. In contrast to classical music, which【 C6】 _formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous nod free-form. It bubbles with energy, 【 C7】 _the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s, jazz【 C8】 _like America. And【 C9】 _it does today. The【 C10】 _of t
3、his music are as interesting as the music【 C11】 _. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz【 C12】 _They were brought to the Southern states【 C13】_slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long【 C14】_When a Negro died his friends and relatives【 C15】 _a
4、 procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanies the【 C16】 _. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 【 C17】 _on the way home the mood changed. Spirits fired. Death had removed one of their【 C18】 _, but the living w
5、ere glad to be alive. The band played【 C19】 _music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the times【 C20】 _at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz. 1 【 C1】 （ A） At （ B） In （ C） By （ D） On 2 【 C2】 （ A） music （ B） song （ C） melody （ D） style 3 【
6、 C3】 （ A） discovered （ B） invented （ C） designed （ D） acted 4 【 C4】 （ A） noticed （ B） found （ C） listened （ D） heard 5 【 C5】 （ A） classical （ B） sacred （ C） light （ D） popular 6 【 C6】 （ A） forms （ B） follows （ C） approached （ D） introduces 7 【 C7】 （ A） expressing （ B） explaining （ C） exposing （ D） i
7、llustrating 8 【 C8】 （ A） appeared （ B） felt （ C） sounded （ D） seemed 9 【 C9】 （ A） so （ B） as （ C） either （ D） neither 10 【 C10】 （ A） originals （ B） origins （ C） discoveries （ D） resources 11 【 C11】 （ A） concerned （ B） itself （ C） available （ D） oneself 12 【 C12】 （ A） players （ B） followers （ C） pion
8、eers （ D） fans 13 【 C13】 （ A） for （ B） by （ C） with （ D） as 14 【 C14】 （ A） hours （ B） weeks （ C） months （ D） times 15 【 C15】 （ A） formed （ B） composed （ C） demonstrated （ D） hosted 16 【 C16】 （ A） demonstration （ B） procession （ C） body （ D） march 17 【 C17】 （ A） Even （ B） Therefore （ C） But （ D） Furt
9、hermore 18 【 C18】 （ A） numbers （ B） members （ C） bodies （ D） relations 19 【 C19】 （ A） sad （ B） solemn （ C） funeral （ D） happy 20 【 C20】 （ A） whistled （ B） sung （ C） showed （ D） presented 二、 Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
10、D. (40 points) 20 Punishment depends as much on politics as it does on crime; crime rates have been stable in recent years but there has been a striking increase in the prison population. And because populism is coming so much to dominate the political agendas, politicians are advocating sharp incre
11、ase in penalties to take advantage of public unease. The question is how far this will get. In the 21th century weak governments might try to win legitimacy by being especially tough on crime. That could mean high prison populations and draconian(严峻的 )punishments such as those adopted in the United
12、States in recent years. Luckily, there remain significant differences between the UK and the USA; social divisions are less extreme and racial tensions are not as high. Although there is a great deal of minor violent crime here, rates of murderwhich particularly fuel public anxietiesare much lower b
13、ecause guns have not been so widely dispersed. It s unlikely that this will change greatly; the trend to tighten up the gun laws in Britain will continue, and all but the toughest criminals will still have a view about what is and what isnt “acceptable“ violence. So I don t believe we will see a hug
14、e rise in violent crime, but I expect rates of property crime and crimes of opportunity to remain high. There will also be much more electronic fraud because it s so hard to detect and prevent. This is an important problem for business, but not one that arouses much popular agitation. It s unlikely
15、well see the return of death penalty; the police are skeptical about its effectiveness and its introduction would be highly problematic given the recent Council of Europe protocol outlawing its use. Capital punishment remains a pretty accurate temperature gauge, though: whenever there is significant
16、 political pressure for the death penalty, it s a sign of harsher attitudes towards crime generally. As prison populations continue to rise, we will certainly see alternatives to prison such as electronic tagging increase. But I don t generally envisage any sudden shift towards reduced sanction; net
17、 levels of punishment could well continue to increase somewhat. Overall, I expect to see some growth in the population of prisons, mainly independent onesand a massive increase in private policing and other law enforcement. 21 According to the passage, the recent drastic increase in prison populatio
18、ns probably results from the following factors except_. （ A） the rising occurrences of crime （ B） the harsher punishments taken by governments （ C） the popularity of weak governments （ D） the worries about crime among citizens 22 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_. （ A） social divisions and r
19、acial tensions are not serious in the UK （ B） minor violence in the UK does not arouse public anxieties （ C） the gun control is crucial to lower rates of murder （ D） people no longer differentiate what is and what isn t acceptable crime 23 What is the trend predicted by the passage regarding the rat
20、e of crime in the UK? （ A） The rate of violent crime will keep leveling off. （ B） More electronic fraud cases will disturb the general public. （ C） There will be a slight upward trend in electronic fraud. （ D） The occurrence of property crimes won t turn downward. 24 Which of the following statement
21、s about death penalty is false? （ A） Death penalty has been ceased in the UK. （ B） Death penalty is regard as illegal by the Council of Europe protocol. （ C） Death penalty is now generally regarded ineffective. （ D） The opinion on death penalty can reflect public altitude. 25 To tackle rising prison
22、 populations, feasible measures may include_. （ A） introducing less severe punishments （ B） increasing the number of independent prisons （ C） substituting electronic tagging for traditional prisons （ D） restoring the capital punishment 25 Not long ago, chief executive officers(CEOS)were landed as he
23、roes, leaders of the brave new economy. Bill Gates and Jack Welch were the two most celebrated American CEOs, hailed as geniuses, superstars and revolutionaries. But since Eaton and other scandals, Americans don t need much convincing when it comes to mistrusting business leaders. A recent poll in I
24、nvestor s Business Daily found that only eight percent of Americans have high confidence in the honesty and integrity of corporate CEOs, and only four percent hold CEOs in high esteem. In today s CEO-bashing environment, executives actions ate more scrutinized and regulated than ever before. In the
25、USA, congress has passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which among other things, requires CEOs to personally certify to the accuracy of the company s accounts. In Britain, investment banker Derek Higgs has proposed a new code of corporate governance, spelling out new responsibilities and liabilities for e
26、xecutives and boards of directors. Fortune has praised the new breed of CEO: the latest crop pf CEOs is disciplined, deferential, even a bit dull. Less self-reliant, today s CEOs turn to counselors to help rehab behavior to become self-aware, ever-improving and the opposite of the Eronesque narcissi
27、st. The opportunity to run a major company used to be an executive s highest aspiration. Now more than half of senior executives surveyed said they would turn down the CEO position. It happens that most CEOs have decided to lie low, hoping that the storm will pass. The Business Roundtable, an associ
28、ation of CEOs, has been relatively quiet of late; as Fortune reported, during key debates the organization chose to work behind the scenes - and mostly to water down reforms . Some might feel little affinity with CEOstheir roles are not, after all, altruistic(利他的 )or public-serving ones. But in slam
29、ming CEOs, critics often knock values worth defending in everyone like leadership, individual achievement and ambition. Even the pursuit of self-interest and simply wanting more can be progressive. On the other hand, caution and modesty have their place, but they are not likely to produce innovative
30、 technology, build great cities or fight disease. Geniuses, superstars, revolutionarieswe could do with some. 26 According to the passage, that a great majority of American don t put trust in CEOs is the outcome of_. （ A） the CEOs former fame as heroes （ B） Enron and other scandals （ C） individual C
31、EO s lack of honesty （ D） Current CEO-blaming atmosphere 27 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） CEOs actions used to under no supervision （ B） CEOs were once highly adored （ C） CEOs now take more personal responsibilities （ D） CEOs still enjoy appealing pubic attention 28 The new-generat
32、ion CEOs show the following qualities except_. （ A） strong self-control （ B） willingness to improve （ C） high self-admiration （ D） less self-dependent 29 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The new-generation CEOs have regained praise from the public. （ B） Presently no one expects to hol
33、d the CEO position. （ C） The Business Roundtable now stops carrying out any reform. （ D） Most CEOs are now biding their time for a return. 30 The author believes that_. （ A） critics bash on CEOs is totally reasonable （ B） leadership, individual achievement and ambition are positive personal values （
34、 C） caution and modesty should not be advocated for they are not productive （ D） the world can revolve without geniuses, superstars and revolutionaries 30 Japan s mass culture has long prevailed in East Asia. Japanese comics are ubiquitous(无处不在的 )on newsstands in Malaysia and Hong Kong, where half o
35、f all those sold are from Japan. Stores in remote areas of the Philippines stock snacks made by Tokyo s companies. And anyone can dial for sushi delivery in Singapore or sing in Karaoke bars in distant Inner Mongolia. With the Japanese cartoon craze now lapping at American and European shores, it is
36、 time to ask; why is Japan s pop culture, especially its comics and cartoon characters, so appealing to Asians and, now, the world? “ It s because they re high quality, that s all,“ some people say. True, Japan has few peers in making stylishly produced comic books and animation. But Toei and other
37、animation companies have also built a massive promotion machine to marry that quality with market clout. Comic heroes in the 1950s became animated TV star stars in the 1960s. Soon after, media, comics, animation, publishing, toy and clothing companies joined forces to turn characters into commercial
38、 smashed. Characters do not have to begin on stands or the small screenall they need is a canny promoter. The well-known cat Hello Kitty was created by merchandiser Sanrio as a logo for children s goods. In fact, the line between a cartoon and its commercial application has become more and more invi
39、sible. Perhaps what most entrances fans of all ages and from all regions about Japanese cartoons is their adolescent exuberance, their unique glorification of the dreams and imagery of youth. The most popular series, such as Sailor moon and Doraemon, have children or teenagers as central characters.
40、 The world of these shows is painted in bubble-gum colors, while love and relationships take on the unserious character of teenage crushes. Futuristic set and situations contribute to suffused sense of innocent wonder. And Japan s fascination with childlike things could be a reflection of the “ infa
41、ntilism of postwar Japanese culture“ , as an analyst put it. He suggests that the trauma of the postwar period may have encouraged Japanese to look at childhood with fondness. For youth it implies an evasion of responsibility , a major issue for a society still struggling with its vicious role in Wo
42、rld War II. It is an interesting psychological view. But there s still another more convincing and important reason. In a society with strict structures and high expectations, fantasies flourish. Children who spend long, stressful hours preparing for all, important school examinations take refuge in
43、 cheerfully fantastic characters and animations. That, coupled with the spending power of Japan s younga typical 10-year-old may have $ 1000 in the bank from doting relativescan explain the replete pre-adolescent orientation of Japan s pop culture. Due to the worries about overwhelming exterior cult
44、ural aggression, some Asian governments have taken some measures to supervise or limit Japanese products. But the tide is unlikely to turn. Their attraction is too widespread and Japanese companies too market-savvy. Toei has started a marketing campaign in four cities in China. Even if only 10% of t
45、he population in this country gets hooked on its products, Toei will make a market the size of Japan. 31 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） the prevailing Japanese mass culture in East Asia （ B） popularizing elements in Japan s pop culture （ C） the infantilism of postwar Japanese culture （ D） Asian
46、governments measures against cultural aggression 32 The massive promotion machine of animation companies is built to_. （ A） make stylishly produced comic books and animations （ B） develop comic and cartoon characters into commercial hit （ C） explore new cartoon characters somewhere else besides stan
47、ds or screens （ D） search for more peers in American and European markets 33 Japanese cartoons attract a big audience varied in age and culture because of_. （ A） the dreamy combination of youth vitality and innocence （ B） the innocent heroes and heroines of children or teenagers （ C） the theme of hu
48、man love and relationship （ D） settings and situations characteristic of innocence and wonder 34 In Paragraph 6, “infantilism of postwar Japanese culture“ according to an analyst reflects the reality that_. （ A） Japanese youth refuse to be grown-ups with responsibility （ B） Japanese society as s who
49、le feels guilty of its role during WWII （ C） Japanese attempt to rid themselves of the postwar emotional shock （ D） psychological health is now a serious issue facing Japan 35 Which of the following statements is not true? （ A） Despite the burden of study, Japanese children are addicted to cartoons. （ B） The target consumers of Japan s pop culture are children or teenagers
