1、2008年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、名词解释 1 American Puritanism 2 Transcendentalism 3 American Naturalism 4 English Romanticism 二、填空题 5 _conquered England on October 14, 106From then on began the medieval period. 6 John Donne and his followers wrote what would later be called_, highly intellectual verse
2、filled with metaphors. 7 The publication _ by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge marked the beginning of the Romantic Age in English literature. 8 A very influential book to come out of the postwar world is a novel by J.D.Salinger entitled_. 9 _by Joseph Heller is the representative nove
3、l of black humor. 三、问答题 9 Read the following poem and answer the questions. Anecdote of the Jar I placed a jar in Tennessee, And round it was, upon a hill. It made the slovenly wilderness Surround that hill. The wilderness rose up to it, And sprawled around, no longer wild. The jar was round upon th
4、e ground And tall and of a port in air. It took dominion every where. The jar was gray and bare. It did not give of bird or bush, Like nothing else in Tennessee. 10 What shape is the jar? Where does the speaker place it? 11 According to the second stanza, what happens to the wilderness around the ja
5、r? 12 What does the jar “take“ everywhere? Of what does it “no give“? 13 Explain in your own words the effect of the jar on the Tennessee wilderness. Does its effect seem positive in the first two stanzas? In the third? Why is jar an appropriate word? 14 How is a jar different from the wilderness? W
6、hat might the jar represent? 15 Do you think ambiguity makes a poem more memorable? More effective? 15 The Sick Rose O Rose, thou art sick! The invisible worm, That flies in the night, In the howling storm, Has found out thy bed Of crimson joy; And his dark secret love Does thy life destroy. 16 What
7、 is the literal meaning of the poem? 17 In “The Sick Rose“ what might the rose symbolize? 18 What might the worm symbolize? 19 What is the theme of the poem? 2008年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析 一、名词解释 1 【正确答案】 American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and Ameri
8、can literature. It has become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, rather than a set of tenets, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the Americans breathe. It stresses predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement (or the salvation of a selected few) fr
9、om Gods grace. With such doctrines in their minds, Puritans left Europe for America in order to establish a theocracy in the New World. Over the years in the new homeland they built a way of life that stressed hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety. 2 【正确答案】 The Transcendentalist movement was a reac
10、tion against 18th century rationalism and a manifestation of the general humanitarian trend of 19th century thought. The movement was based on a fundamental belief in the unity of the world and God. The soul of each individual was thought to be identical with the world a microcosm of the world itsel
11、f. The doctrine of self-reliance and individualism developed through the belief in the identification of the individual soul with God. 3 【正确答案】 American literary naturalism is a literary movement that became popular in late-nineteenth-century America and is often associated with literary realism. Vi
12、ewed as a combination of realism and romanticism, critics contend that the American form is heavily influenced by the concept of determinism the theory that heredity and environment influence determine human behavior. Although naturalism is often associated with realism, which also seeks to accurate
13、ly represent human existence, the two movements are differentiated by the fact that naturalism is connected to the doctrine of biological, economic, and social determinism. A handful of significant American authors, such as Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, and Frank Norris, utilized the form in maki
14、ng their novels like The Red Badge of Courage, Sister Carrie and The Octopus: A Story of California. 4 【正确答案】 English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. The French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution exert great influence on
15、English Romanticism. The romanticists express a negative attitude towards the existing social or political conditions. They place the individual at the center of art, as can be seen from Lord Byrons Byronic Hero. The key words of English Romanticism are nature and imagination. English Romantic tend
16、to be nationalistic, defending the greatest English writers. They argue that poetry should be free from all rules. 二、填空题 5 【正确答案】 Normans 【试题解析】 公元 1066年，诺曼人征服了英格兰，从而标志着中世纪的开始。 6 【正确答案】 metaphysical poetry 【试题解析】 多恩 (John Donne)是玄学派诗人的代表。 7 【正确答案】 Lyrical Ballads 【试题解析】 抒情歌谣集 (Lyrical Ballads)由华兹华斯与
17、柯勒律治共同完成，是浪漫主义的代表之作。 8 【正确答案】 The Cather in the Rye 【试题解析】 The Cather in the Rye是捷罗姆 大卫 塞林格 (Jerome David Salinger)唯一的一部长篇小说，它客观而深刻地反映了青少年在成长过程中所面临的种种问题。小说讲述了一个 16岁少年，霍尔顿 考尔菲德 (Holden Caulfield)，在暑假前际因为 5门功课有 4门不及格被学校开除后，在极度压抑、颓废、矛盾中度过的几天经历。早熟但幼稚的霍尔顿发现现实世界的丑恶跟他理想的童年世界的 “纯真 ”形成巨大的反差、在看到了成人世界的种种丑恶、虚伪后
18、沉湎于理想、纯真的童年世界里 不能自拔，一直幻想能做个 “纯真 ”保护神，最后精神几乎崩溃，被送进一家精神病医院疗养。在医院疗养康复中他以第一人称叙述了自己的故事。 9 【正确答案】 Catch-22 【试题解析】 海勒的代表作第二十二条军规被认为是黑色幽默的第一部作品。 三、问答题 10 【正确答案】 The jar is round and is placed in the wilderness, on a hill in Tennessee. 【试题解析】 答案见诗歌的第一节。 11 【正确答案】 The wilderness is no longer wild. 【试题解析】 答案见诗
19、歌的第六行。 12 【正确答案】 The jar, a piece of human art, leaves us an impression of human domination over the wildness, say nature. In this sense, the jar serves as an extension of the poets own drive to order. It achieves dominion over the chaotic wilderness. Thus, it “took dominion everywhere.“ The author
20、also bestows the sterility on the jar as it is “gray and bare“. In other words, living creature would not be born out of human creation. Therefore, his dominion over nature is an illusion, jus as the jar does “not give“. 【试题解析】 本题考查对坛子意象的解读。坛子象征了人类艺术。人类艺术与自然分庭抗礼，给自然带来了秩序，也拥有了自身的领域 (took dominion)但却无
21、法像自然那样创造生命，因为它本身灰暗贫瘠，不具有生的能力。 13 【正确答案】 First the jar serves as an extension of the poets own drive to order and it is positive in the first stanza as it achieves dominion over the chaotic wilderness “It made the slovenly wilderness surround that hill.“ The jar does not itself move or change; it mer
22、ely sheds influence. The source of its power is its perfection of empty form. It is “of a port in air,“ stately and imposing but also vacant, a mere circular opening in the air. The victory of the jar is evoked on the level of sound and image by the repetition of “round“. In the third stanza, howeve
23、r, the imperfection of the jar, or the token of human art, is passively revealed as it was “gray and bare“ and could not “give“ birth to life. The “sterility“ enable the audience to doubt the positive function of art. The jar is an appropriate word. A man-made artifact it is, thus it stands for huma
24、n art. 【试题解析】 本题考查坛子对荒原的影响。在前两个诗节中，这种影 响是积极的，而诗人转而在第三个诗节中分析了坛子的消极影响，即它没有赋予生命的能力。作为人类创造产物，坛子完全可以胜任这种意象。 14 【正确答案】 A jar is a man-made handicraft, representing human art. The wilderness is suggestive of a chaotic and shapeless situation, the essential feature of nature. The jar in Tennessee represents
25、 a purely formal principle of order, and this kind of order cannot satisfy the deepest needs of Stevens imagination. He ultimately seeks not only to impose order on the external world but to integrate the mind and the world within a sentient unity of being. As long as he remains fixed within a duali
26、stic conception of the world, this fulfillment will elude him. 【试题解析】 本题考查坛子与荒原之间的关系以及坛子的象征意义。 15 【正确答案】 Ambiguity does make a poem impressive and effective. Consider this poem. The essential characteristic of Anecdote of a Jar is an essential ambiguity: To place a jar on a hill in Tennessee is in i
27、tself an ambiguous (as well as strange) gesture. The nature of the object is also ambiguous: Is it to be considered a machine-made object, without aesthetic value in itself, an instance of anti-art? Or is it, on the other hand, to be considered a worthy example of utilitarian design? It is the natur
28、e of the readymade to inspire these questions without resolving them. Besides, the authors ambivalent attitude towards art as the open ending of the poem shows, also makes the poem worth reading. 【试题解析】 模糊性是诗歌的一大特点，它能够激发想象，点燃读者的兴趣。本诗便是其中的明证：从放置坛子的行为到作者难以抉择的思考都给这首诗歌带来了无限的遐想空间。 16 【正确答案】 The literal m
29、eaning is rather simple: one stormy night, an invisible worm gets into the rose and eventually kills it. 【试题解析】 本题考查布莱克的诗歌病玫瑰的字面之意。考生通读全诗即可把握诗歌的表层含义。 17 【正确答案】 The Rose seems to symbolize love and purity in some way. The reference to “crimson joy“ in part could be a sexual reference: love, lust. Ros
30、es tend to used as a symbol of love, but since there is a point of making the rose innocent, it would probably mean a little child. 【试题解析】 本题考查玫瑰的象征意义。玫瑰在西方文学中一般象征着爱情，而诗中布莱克赋予了玫瑰以新的意象 纯洁与天真。而由于某种 “绯红的愉悦 ”(crimson joy)，爱情便不再纯洁，天真也随之而去。 18 【正确答案】 The worm, disgusting, black, vile would be dark thought
31、s, jealousy, lust or other negative emotions. Once these emotions are passed on, the rose may no longer retain intact or keep a pure heart. 【试题解析】 本题考查害虫的象征意义。害虫象征了人类所特有的负面情感，一旦玫瑰拥有这种负面的情感，它便无法再保有纯洁之心。 19 【正确答案】 Given the fact Blake wrote this as one of his “songs of experience“, it conveys a theme of corruption on love and purity. The negative feelings are the worm. Once they pass onto you, then they will destroy love and innocence you ever have. 【试题解析】 本题考查的是诗 歌的主题。对这首诗歌的解读有很多种，考生只要能够自圆其说便可以得到分数。
