1、雅思（听力）模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 Listening Module (30 minutes possess syntax in which the order of words is part of their meaning; have the ability to coin new words; be composed of smaller elements; and use words separated in space and time from what they represent. The American researchers focussed their ef
2、forts on these five criteria to see if prairie dogs use a language, as defined by human linguists, or not. Work was done in the field and in a laboratory. With digital recorders, they recorded the calls prairie dogs make as they see different people, dogs and other animals of different sizes and wit
3、h different coat colours, such as hawks and elk. They then analysed the sounds using a computer that dissects the underlying structure and creates a sonogram, or visual representation of the sound. Computer analysis later identifies the similarities and differences. The prairie dogs have calls for v
4、arious predators but also for elk, deer, antelope and cows. Its as if theyre trying to inform one another whats out there. So far, the researchers have recorded at least twenty different “words.“ Some of those words or calls were created by the prairie dogs when they saw something for the first time
5、. Four prairie dogs in the lab were shown a great-horned owl and European ferret, two animals they had almost certainly not seen before, if only because the owls are mostly nocturnal and this kind of ferret is foreign. The prairie dogs independently came up with the same new calls. In the field, bla
6、ck plywood cut-outs showing the silhouette of a coyote, a skunk and a circular shape were randomly run along a wire through the prairie dog colony. Now, there are no black ovals running around out there and yet they all had the same word for black circle. The researchers believe that prairie dogs ar
7、e genetically programmed with some vocabulary and the ability to describe things. The researchers then played back a recorded prairie dog alarm call for coyote in a prairie dog colony when no coyote was around. The prairie dogs had the same escape response as they did when the predator was really th
8、ere. In other words, theres no coyote present, but the prairie dogs hear this recording of prairie dogs barking, “Hey, theres a coyote!“ and they say, “Oh, coyote! Better hide.“ Computer analysis has been able to break down some prairie dog calls into different components, suggesting the creatures h
9、ave yet another element of a real language. The researchers are quietly confident that they will establish that the prairie dogs will meet the five criteria set by linguists. Then, there will be conclusive proof that animals have language. 31 【正确答案】 distinct, individual (NB just one of these two words is acceptable) 32 【正确答案】 (new) terms 33 【正确答案】 dialects 34 【正确答案】 abstract meanings 35 【正确答案】 smaller elements 36 【正确答案】 use words 37 【正确答案】 digital recorders 38 【正确答案】 nocturnal 39 【正确答案】 (it is) foreign 40 【正确答案】 (a) predator
