1、职称英语（理工类） C级模拟试卷 23 及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice. （ A） noticed （ B） heard （ C） realized （ D） got 2 We all think that Marys husband is a very boring person. （ A） shy （ B） stupid （ C） dull （
2、 D） selfish 3 He made a considerable sum of money in real estate. （ A） large （ B） positive （ C） powerful （ D） realistic 4 Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them. （ A） control （ B） contribute （ C） convey （ D） contact 5 During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes i
3、n the international situation. （ A） permanent （ B） powerful （ C） striking （ D） practical 6 He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. （ A） style （ B） behavior （ C） mode （ D） attitude 7 I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan. （ A） making （ B） ke
4、eping （ C） changing （ D） implementing 8 Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions. （ A） statements （ B） beliefs （ C） suggestions （ D） claims 9 We shall keep the money in a secure place. （ A） clean （ B） secret （ C） distant （ D） safe 10 This table is strong and durable. （ A） long-lasting （ B） ex
5、tensive （ C） far-reaching （ D） eternal 11 The army launched several air raids yesterday morning. （ A） hits （ B） insults （ C） attacks （ D） bombs 12 China has made remarkable achievements in its reform and opening-up program. （ A） improvements （ B） entertainments （ C） accomplishments （ D） appointments
6、 13 We had a long (conversation) about her parents. （ A） speech （ B） question （ C） talk （ D） debate 14 Obviously these people can be (relied on) in a crisis. （ A） lived on （ B） depended on （ C） believed in （ D） joined in 15 The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village （ A） caught （
7、 B） killed （ C） found （ D） jailed 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Radiocarbon Dating Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon(放射性碳 ), or carbon-14,
8、 dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened. Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of Ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(质子 ) and six neutrons(中子 ) in
9、 its nucleus(原子核 ). Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay(衰减 ). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. In Libbys radiocarbon datin
10、g technique, the weak radioactive emissions(放射 ) from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated. Carbon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere when nitrogen(氮 )-1
11、4, or N-14, interacts with cosmic rays(宇宙射线 ). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most
12、scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years. All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子 ) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues(组织
13、). Once an organism(有机体 ) dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the old
14、er that sample is. 16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight n
15、eutrons. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 When an organism dies
16、, the C-14 in it begins to decay. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中 为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22
17、A. different labels B. window and glass doors C. inland flooding D. early warning E. natural disaster F. a constant speed 23 Depending on where they occur, hurricanes have_. 24 A powerful hurricane may become the most destructive_. 25 When a hurricane arrives, fishermen are in great danger if they a
18、re at sea and do not get_. 26 During a hurricane one should stay away from_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 27 Pushbike Danger Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure - or even kill - children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars (车把 ). So a team of en
19、gineers is redesigning it to make it safer. Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues. The cases they reviewed about serious abdominal (腹部的 ) injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than a third
20、were caused by bicycle accidents, “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures,“ she says. By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common cause for serious injur
21、ies. They discovered that most cases occur when children hit an obstacle at slow speed, causing them to topple (摇摆 ) over. To maintain their balance the children turn the handlebars through 90 degrees - but their momentum (冲力 ) forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and
22、 the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, pushing it into their abdomen (腹部 ). The solution the group came up with is a handgrip (握柄 ) fitted with a spring and damping (减速 ) system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted (传递 ) through the handlebars in an impact. The
23、group hopes to commercialize the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturers were unaware of the problem,“ says Arbogast. 27 The engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because （ A） they
24、 are not beautiful. （ B） they may kill children. （ C） they are likely to crash. （ D） they affect the speed of the bike. 28 How many abdominal injuries in children were caused by bicycle accidents? （ A） Thirty. （ B） Ninety. （ C） 50 percent. （ D） More than a third. 29 The word “countermeasures“ in par
25、agraph 2 means （ A） problems （ B） approaches. （ C） solutions. （ D） actions. 30 Paragraph 3 mainly discusses （ A） why the children and their parents were interviewed, （ B） how serious abdominal injuries occur, （ C） when the children turn the handlebars. （ D） what stops bicycle accidents. 31 The advan
26、tage of the new handgrip is that （ A） it can be made cheaply. （ B） it reduces the impact in bicycle accidents. （ C） it helps to slow down the speed of the bicycle. （ D） it sells well at bicycle shops. 31 Electronic Teaching The potential of closed-circuit television and other new electronic teaching
27、 tools is so great that it is fascinating to visualize “the school of tomorrow“. Televised lessons will originate from a central building having perhaps four or five master studios. The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country. After a televised lesson has b
28、een given, the classroom teacher will take over for the all important “follow-up“ period. The students will ask any troublesome questions, and difficult points will be cleared up through discussion. The teacher in the classroom will have additional electronic tools. On the teachers desk, the traditi
29、onal chalk and erasers will have been replaced by a multiple-control panel and magnetic tape player. The tape machines will run pre recorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones. The lessons will be specifically geared to the students levels of ability. For instance, while the class as a w
30、hole studies history, each student will receive an individual history lesson, directed to his particular level of ability. Should question arise, the students will be able to talk directly to the teacher on individual “intercoms“ without disturbing the rest of the class. In this way, the teacher wil
31、l be able to conduct as many as three classes at the same time. With the rapid development of computer science, students will be aided with specially prepared multimedia software to study their subjects better. Homework will possibly be assigned and handed in via electronic mail system. Students can
32、 even take examinations on their computer linked with the teachers and get the score instantly. They will get certificates or diplomas if they pass all the required examinations. Experts believe that this type of education will be very popular in the years ahead. 32 In paragraph one, what does “the
33、school of tomorrow“ mean? （ A） The school with a central building. （ B） The school with four or five master studios. （ C） The school with television. （ D） The school with televised lessons and electronic teaching tools. 33 After a televised lesson, which will not happen? （ A） The classroom teacher w
34、ill take over for the all important “follow-up“ period. （ B） The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country. （ C） The students will ask any troublesome questions. （ D） Difficult points will be cleared up through discussion. 34 In the following statements, whic
35、h one will not happen in the televised lesson? （ A） The teacher will still have to play an important role. （ B） The chalk and erasers will still be used. （ C） Each student will receive an individual lesson. （ D） The lessons will be specifically geared to the students levels of ability. 35 What kind
36、of lessons will the students have? （ A） The same lessons. （ B） Individual lessons according to their ability levels. （ C） Individual lessons according to the teachers instruction. （ D） Individual lessons according to their parents instruction. 36 According to the last paragraph, which one is true? （
37、 A） Homework will be handed in via electronic mail system. （ B） Homework will be not be assigned. （ C） Students never take examinations. （ D） Students get the score after a long time. 37 Water The second most important constituent(构成成份 ) of the biosphere(生物圈 ) is liquid water. This can only exist in
38、 a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100 . Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range. The earths supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantit
39、y of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 per cent. The rest is fresh, but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at
40、the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole, there is 10 20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely Important fr
41、action of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere. Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环 ) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated(蒸发 ) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的 ) e
42、arth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans, and the
43、 balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers. 37 Liquid water only exists_ （ A） in the center of the earth. （ B） on the surface of our planet. （ C） in a very narrow range of temperatures. （ D） in the costal areas of the earth. 38 The total quantity of water on Earth_ （ A） r
44、emains almost unchanged. （ B） has greatly increased in recent years. （ C） is decreasing constantly. （ D） is affected by global warming. 39 Most of the fresh water on Earth_ （ A） is stored underground. （ B） is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains. （ C） is found in rivers and lakes. （ D） c
45、omes from the rain. 40 The word “fraction“ in the second paragraph means_ （ A） a very small amount. （ B） a large area. （ C） an important system. （ D） a major source of information. 41 There is more rainfall_ （ A） over the mountains than over the rivers. （ B） over the rivers than over the mountains.
46、（ C） over the oceans than over the land. （ D） over the land than over the oceans. 五、 补全短文 (第 46-50，每题 2分，共 10分 ) 下面的短文 有 5处空白，短文后有 6个句子，其中 5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 42 Mind Those Manners on the Subway So, there you are, just sitting there in the subway car, enjoying that book you just bought
47、_(46). Or, the person sitting next to you takes out a nail clipper (指甲钳 ) and begins cutting his or her nails. Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on public transportation_(47) So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following: Let passengers get off the bus or subway c
48、ar before you can get on_ (48) Stand away from the doors when they are closing. Dont talk loudly on a bus or subway. Chatting loudly with your friends can be annoying to others. _(49) Dont think your bags and suitcases (手提箱 ) deserve a seat of their own. Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze (打喷
49、嚏 ). An uncovered sneeze can spread germs (细菌 ), especially in crowded places. Dont cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation. Dont read over other peoples shoulder_(50) It can make people uncomfortable. They might think youre too stingy (小气的 ) even to buy a newspaper. Or they might think youre judging their behavior. A. Dont eat food in your car. B. Dont shout into your mobile phone on a bus o
