1、职称英语（理工类） C级模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The price of a 29-inch television has decreased by 30%. （ A） increased （ B） cut （ C） rose （ D） dropped 2 Living in different cities, Linda and Lisa are still intimate friends. （ A） close （ B）
2、good （ C） friendly （ D） poor 3 She felt frustrated when nobody understood what she was trying to say. （ A） boring （ B） upset （ C） angry （ D） dull 4 It can be regarded as the worst day in my entire life. （ A） all （ B） young （ C） whole （ D） joyful 5 I am always conscious of my own shortcomings. （ A） a
3、ware （ B） ashamed （ C） anxious （ D） surprised 6 Some students lose marks in their examinations simply because they dont read questions carefully. （ A） easily （ B） quickly （ C） just （ D） frequently 7 Could you please tell me your standards when selecting a candidate? （ A） opinions （ B） criterion （ C）
4、 criteria （ D） understanding 8 The mail I wrote to my mom was delivered this morning. （ A） received （ B） lost （ C） sent （ D） found 9 I go to the movies occasionally at the weekends. （ A） now and again （ B） frequently （ C） once in a while （ D） here and there 10 My parents told me that we had relation
5、s in Canada and South Africa. （ A） villas （ B） relatives （ C） deposits （ D） friends 11 The boy always looks through his homework before handing it in. （ A） write （ B） does （ C） finishes （ D） examines 12 The local government planned to launch a new program to help the poor. （ A） start （ B） establish
6、（ C） construct （ D） select 13 It is obvious that it has been too late to take action. （ A） true （ B） certain （ C） said （ D） apparent 14 Almost everyone at the meeting has different views. （ A） scenery （ B） sights （ C） understandings （ D） opinions 15 Dont be afraid. I am not going to hurt you. （ A） f
7、ear （ B） astonished （ C） shocked （ D） frightened 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Tokyo is Worlds Priciest City The weak American dollar and strong European and Asian currencies helped make Tokyo and London
8、the most expensive cities in the world, according to a recent survey. American cities were absent from the top 10, with the most expensive U. S. city, New York, dropping two spots from last year to 12 in the survey of 144 urban areas conducted by Mercer Human Resource Consulting. Moscow ranked in th
9、ird place, with Osaka, and Hong Kong rounding out the top five most expensive cities. The survey, drawn up twice a year, ranks cost of living for foreign workers, not local residents, and is used primarily by multinational companies to determine pay for expatriate employees. “The euro appreciated (升
10、值 ) more than 11 percent in the last six months. “ said Marie-Laurence Sepede, senior researcher at Mercer. “So that made European cities go up and U.S. cities drop. “ Sepede noted that while U.S. cities got cheaper in relation to those in Europe and Asia, the rankings among: American cities remaine
11、d similar to previous years, with Los Angeles, Chicago and San Francisco all placing high on the list. Also not able was the climb of Australian and New Zealand cities up the list, a shift caused by those nations strong currencies. Sydney moved from 67 last year to 20 this year, and Auckland, New Ze
12、aland climbed 35 places to 80. The rest of the top 20 remained fairly constant, although Paris, Vienna, Austria and Istanbul, Turkey made their first appearances so high in the rankings. The survey took into consideration 250 criteria, including the cost of utilities, food and entertainment. While t
13、he survey looked at a range of living standards, Sepede said the study was most representative of the expenses of people working for big international corporations and maintaining fairly high standards of living. Mercer said the continued appreciation of the euro against the U. S. dollar could event
14、ually force companies to move employees and reorganize. “Mainly, the depreciation(贬值 ) of the dollar makes it cheaper to send employees to American cities, “ said Jackie Barber, a spokeswoman for the survey. 16 New York is one of the top ten most expensive cities in the world last year. （ A） Right （
15、 B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 According to a recent survey, two of the top five most expensive cities are from Asia. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The survey is a useful reference for multinational companies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The war in Iraq made many Ameri
16、can cities drop in ranking. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Because of the Olympic Games, Sydney moved up quickly. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 This survey represents the life of local people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Compared with other cities, companie
17、s may prefer to send employees to Tokyo. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Intelligence: A Changed View 1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity (存在，
18、实体 ), some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value, therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them
19、differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming(分流，分组 ) children according to ability at an early age. And at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting childr
20、en for different types of secondary education. 2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubts on the view that innate (内在的 ) intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now shows t
21、he great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. 3. There are evide
22、nces that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence(习得智力 ). Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment is. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can obse
23、rve and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researchers have been investigating what happens in this interaction(相互作用 ). 4. Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greatest part
24、of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the pare
25、nt-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between “privileged“ and “disadvantaged“ children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual (感性的 ) experiences. 5. These research findings have led to a revision in our u
26、nderstanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn. 6. The modern
27、ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label “low IQ(智商 , Intelligence Quoti
28、ent)“ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we canteach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people. A. Main Results of Recent Researches B. Popular Doubt about the New Vie
29、w C. Effect of Environment on Intelligence D. Intelligence and Achievement E. Impact on School Education F. A Changed View of Intelligence 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 4_ 25 Paragraph 5_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 26 A. born to be more intelligent or less intelligent B. have a better chance to develop his inte
30、lligence C. taught to be more intelligent D. that intelligence was something a baby was born with E. and because of the lack of communication with his classmates F. and partly stimulated 27 It was once believed _, and thus we can tell how successful she/he will be in the future according to his/her
31、intelligence. 28 More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited_. 29 It can be inferred from the passage that a child will _ if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language. 30 Children were not just _, but they can be taught to be more intel
32、ligent at school. 四、 阅读理 解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Radiation Effect Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星 )but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth light, gets thro
33、ugh, and this is essential for plants to make the food that we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to thi
34、s radiation, but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecrafts, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem“ (“雷姆 ”). Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far m
35、ore radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged, the figure of 60 reins has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged , and this will not be discovered until
36、 the birth of deformed(畸形的 )children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a larger amount of reins. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but th
37、e Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage clone by radiation , but no really effective ones have been
38、 found so far. 31 According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that_。 （ A） it protects him against the harmful rays from space （ B） it provides sufficient light for plant growth （ C） it supplies the heat necessary for human survival （ D） it screens off the falling meteors
39、32 We know from the passage that_. （ A） exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal （ B） the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming （ C） radiation is avoidable in space exploration （ D） astronauts in spacesuits neednt worry about radiation damage 33 The harm radiation has done to
40、the Apollo crew members_. （ A） is insignificant （ B） seems overestimated （ C） is enormous （ D） remains unknown 34 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） the Apollo mission was very successful （ B） protection from space radiation is no easy job （ C） astronauts will have deformed children or
41、grandchildren （ D） radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers 35 The best title for this passage would be_. （ A） The Atmosphere and Our Environment （ B） Research on Radiation （ C） Effects of Space Radiation （ D） Importance of Protection Against Radiation 35 A Historical Development
42、of Oil Refining An important new industry, oil refining(炼油 ) , grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or petroleum-a dark, thick ooze from the earth-had been known for hundreds of years. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850s, Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, bega
43、n collecting the oil from local seepages (油苗 )and refining it into kerosene (煤油 ), Refining, like smelting(锻造 ), is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a larg
44、e demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum. The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it“ Drakes Folly“
45、. But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters) , Drake struck oil; his well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors (探寻者 )to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters (盲目采油者 ) were drilling for “black gold“ all over western Pennsylv
46、ania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one, it was sold in grocery s
47、tores and door to door. In the 1880s and 1890s refiners learned how to make other petroleum (石油 ) products such as waxes (石蜡 ) and lubricating oils (润滑油 ). Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil. 36 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） Oil refining: a historical perspectiv
48、e. （ B） The California gold rush: get rich quickly. （ C） Private property: trespassers will be prosecuted. （ D） Kerosene lamps: a light in the tunnel. 37 It can be inferred from the passage that kerosene was preferable to whale oil because whale oil was too_. （ A） expensive （ B） thick （ C） hot （ D）
49、polluted 38 According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had made a mistake by_. A （ A） going on a whaling expedition （ B） moving to Pennsylvania （ C） drilling oil （ D） retiring from his job 39 The author mentions all of the following as possible products of crude oil EXCEPT_. （ A） wax （ B） gasoline （ C） kerosene （ D） plastic 40 Why does the author mention the California gold rush? （ A） To explain the need for an increased
