1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 It has been said that the history of humanity is one of the survival of the fittest. （ A） human being （ B） humankind （ C） protagonists （ D） mankind 2 The laws which the new government imposed o
2、n the population were very harsh. （ A） took （ B） established （ C） passed （ D） forced 3 As soon as we arrived at the campsite, we erected our tent. （ A） put up （ B） put out （ C） put up with （ D） put off 4 Why is it that small children are so energetic? （ A） effective （ B） vigorous （ C） active （ D） bu
3、sy 5 Apart from one or two minor mistakes, I thought the concert was excellent. （ A） except （ B） except for （ C） except from （ D） excepting 6 The landscape can change abruptly after a rainstorm in the Great Sahara Desert. （ A） quickly （ B） completely （ C） gradually （ D） slightly 7 The audience at th
4、e music hall applauded enthusiastically after the piano solo. （ A） laughed （ B） clapped （ C） jumped （ D） chatted 8 Theatre censorship has been abolished in Britain. （ A） made fun of （ B） done away with （ C） made off with （ D） put up with 9 I dont get into a panic speaking the language when Im in Gre
5、ece, its driving on the other side of the road which bothers me. （ A） anxiety （ B） objection to （ C） trouble in （ D） dismay 10 A sea pen the size of a football field awaits the whale in a isolated bay in Westman Islands. （ A） included （ B） secluded （ C） selected （ D） secret 11 A panel of prominent m
6、arine mammalogists will be assembled to study Keikos behavior. （ A） converted （ B） sponsored （ C） conversed （ D） convened 12 The whale will be fed if he doesnt hunt for himself. （ A） forage （ B） research （ C） forbid （ D） attack 13 Thinking of the interesting stories helped the time to pass, and the
7、work seemed less tough. （ A） rough （ B） durable （ C） vigorous （ D） arduous 14 The program would include providing money to finance performing arts travel expenses. （ A） subsist （ B） subsidize （ C） resist （ D） sustain 15 Burdened with being a superwife, supermom, super church member, and superwoman,
8、Jennifer feels she has lost control of her Life. （ A） Overworked （ B） Overwhelmed （ C） Dismissed （ D） Amazed 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Experiments have been carried out on volunteers to see what happe
9、ns when all sensations are stopped. This can be done in several ways. One method is to put a man inside a completely isolated room. This room is heavily sound-proofed and absolutely dark. There is no light or sound and the person is instructed just to lie motionless in a bed. People have stayed in r
10、ooms such as this for as long as four days. The results of sensory deprivation (SD) vary with the individual. Soon after entering the confinement cell most subjects went to sleep and slept almost without interruption for ten to twenty-four hours. These are gross estimates for there was nothing by wh
11、ich the subjects could determine the time which had elapsed. We know for certain that one subject slept for nineteen hours but insisted that he had had a nap of less than one hour. According to the monitoring microphone, which was capable of picking up the deep breathing of sleep, it seems more like
12、ly that most subjects slept all of the first twenty-four hours. We felt that so much sleeping in the first day wasted the effects of confinement, so we started placing subjects in SD early in the morning. We reasoned that after a night s sleep our confined subject would be unable to dissipate(驱散 ) t
13、he effects of SD by sleeping. Such was not the case. As far as we could determine they went to sleep just as quickly and slept just as long as the previous subjects. We then started entering the subjects at midmorning, midday, and midafternoon. As it turned out, it made no difference when during the
14、 day and, presumably, during the night we started the confinement; the initial sleep period was always about the same. We had not expected this extended period of initial sleep. In fact, it had seemed reasonable to expect something of the opposite. SD was a very novel situation for our subjects, and
15、 as such, we reasoned, it should have occupied them for some time. I had a similar expectation for astronauts during space flight and was greatly surprised to learn that the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin had been able to sleep during his space flight around the earth. Other effects were also noted.
16、 With no real sensations to work on, the brain makes up all sorts of false information. Many people experience vivid dreams and hallucinations (幻觉 ). When they are finally taken out of the room into the real changing world of light and sound, they are in a very strange state of mind, ready to believ
17、e anything and not really able to make decisions. 16 This passage is mainly about what will happen if sensations were lost. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Total sensory deprivation means that the brain has no real information to. work on. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 All
18、the people react in the same way to sensory deprivation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Microphones are used to control the breathing of subjects. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Many people are subject to fantasy while in the sensory deprivation cell. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong
19、（ C） Not mentioned 21 It took a long time for the subjects to adapt themselves to sensory deprivation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A period of sensory deprivation would make a monkey hard to control. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有
20、 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Human beings have little direct control over the volume of water in the atmosphere. But we produce other greenhouse gases that intensify the effect. The IPCC estimates that rising CO2 emissions, mostly from b
21、urning fossil fuels, account for about 60 percent of the warming observed since 1850, Carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing by about 0.3 percent a year, and it is now about 30 percent higher than it was before the industrial revolution. 2. The relentless accumulation of greenhouse gases h
22、as led the IPCC to project that in the next hundred years average global temperatures will rise by 1 to 3.5 degrees C. That may not seem like much. Yet the “little ice age,“ an anomalous cold snap that peaked from 1570 to 1730 and forced European farmers to abandon their fields, was caused by a chan
23、ge of only half a degree. 3. The compeer models used to project greenhouse effects far into the future are still being improved to accommodate a rapidly growing font of knowledge. And it is remarkably difficult to detect a definitive “signature“ of human activity in the worlds widely fluctuating cli
24、mate record. To project future climate patterns, scientists use computer simulations of the interactions among land, air, water, ice and sunlight. These general circulation models, or GCMs, consist of equations representing the known laws of atmospheric physics and ocean circulation. For each sectio
25、n of the planet, they calculate the effect of such factors as air temperature, the Earths rotation, surface friction at sea level, rainfall, and other climatic conditions. A perfect model, if given enough information about conditions on Earth several hundred years ago, could provide an exact descrip
26、tion of todays climate. Only very recently have models been developed that are capable of realistically depicting the present global climate without a lot of tinkering adjustments often called “fudge factors.“ 4. In part, this is because only the most powerful computers are fast enough to handle the
27、 job, and in part because some aspects of climate change are still mysterious. Even avid proponents caution that GCMs are not yet trustworthy for predicting detailed effects in individual regions: Models divide the worlds surface into grids that are typically about 200 miles on a side, but ocean edd
28、ies, storms and cloud activity take place on far smaller scales. The modelers, therefore, have to compensate with approximations. According to Kevin Trenberth, chief climate analyst at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, all GCMs project global warming, but they can pr
29、ovide only a range of projected temperature change. 5. The role of clouds and airborne suspended particles called aerosols is no easier to factor into models. Clouds shade the Earths surface, promoting cooling. But, depending on their altitude, density, and other conditions, they can also trap outgo
30、ing heat, promoting warming. Aerosols are also equally tricky. Some encourage water vapor in the air to condense into tiny droplets. The resulting clouds are dense and shiny, shading the surface for weeks. Thus, ironically, our own pollution, mainly from combustion of sulfur-bearing coal and oil, ma
31、y temporarily have spared us some effects of global warming. 6. Yet the warming could be part of the natural roller coaster of average global air temperatures, which have varied by as much as 6 degrees C during the past 150,000 years. Climate fluctuates over thousands of years owing to periodic chan
32、ges in the suns energy output and in the Earths orbit and tilt, both of which influence the amount and intensity of sunlight reaching the surface. Proof of these climate shifts comes from variations in the composition of ice extracted in cores from the depths of ancient glaciers in Greenland and Ant
33、arctica and from differences among marine organisms in sediment cores taken from the seafloor. It is possible that around 1860, when scientists first began keeping dependable temperature records, the planet was still recovering from the “little ice age.“ The present warming might be a continuation o
34、f that rebound, and enhanced greenhouse warming may be superimposed on, and camouflaged by, that trend. 23 A. The Interaction of Gases and Water Vapor Producing the Greenhouse Effect B. Why It Is Difficult to Create the Perfect Computer Model C. How Certain Factors Can Both Increase and Decrease: Te
35、mperatures at the Same Time D. The Possibility That Increased Temperatures May Be Due to Normal Fluctuations E. Development of Computer Models F. The Main Culprit Behind the Recent Warming 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A. have been rising B. general circulati
36、on model(GCM) C. an imperfect description of todays climate D. aerosols and clouds E. a significant amount of carbon dioxide F. a “signature“ of human activity 27 Computer simulation models that look at the interactions using scientific knowledge are called_ 28 Two things mentioned in the article wh
37、ich can both increase and decrease temperatures are_ 29 Recently models have been created which give _ 30 There is not much dispute that temperatures _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the sur
38、prising thing abut computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But. today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argumen
39、t, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations. Computers imitate life. As computers get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see th
40、e computer as a new form of life. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival. Compu
41、ters match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly.
42、Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up. We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 199
43、0s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpas
44、sing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be man s flesh-anti-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon. 31 What do you suppose was the attitude of Dr. S
45、amuel Johnson towards ladies preaching? （ A） He believed that ladies were born worse preachers than man. （ B） He was pleased that ladies could preach, though not as well as men. （ C） He disapproved of ladies preaching. （ D） He encouraged ladies to preach. 32 Today, computers are still inferior to ma
46、n in terms of_. （ A） decision making （ B） drives and feelings （ C） growth of reasoning power （ D） information absorption 33 In terms of making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because_. （ A） in the long process of evolution, the slow pace of life didnt require such an
47、ability of the human brain （ B） the human brain is influenced by other factors such as motivation and emotion （ C） the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a dangerous situation （ D） computers imitate life while the human brain does not imitate computers 34 Though he thinks highly of the developme
48、nt of computer science, the author doesnt mean that_. （ A） computers are likely to become a new form of intelligent life （ B） human beings have lost control of computers （ C） the intelligence of computers will eventually surpass that of human beings （ D） the evolution of intelligence will probably d
49、epend on that of electronic brains 35 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood. （ B） Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man. （ C） The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man. （ D） Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter. 36 As in the field of space travel, so in undersea exploration new technologies continue to appear. They share a n
