1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 49及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 “I am not meddling. “ Mary said mildly,“Im just curious. “ （ A） gently （ B） shyly （ C） weakly （ D） sweetly 2 In 1816 it seemed inevitable that Southern states would break away from the Union.
2、（ A） strange （ B） certain （ C） inconsistent （ D） proper 3 Many of Carson McCullers characters are isolated, disappointed people. （ A） solitary （ B） gloomy （ C） feeble （ D） frugal 4 The workers finally called off the strikes. （ A） put off （ B） ended （ C） cancelled （ D） participated in 5 John has made
3、 up his mind not to go to the meeting. （ A） wanted （ B） promised （ C） decided （ D） agreed 6 I catch a cold now and then. （ A） always （ B） occasionally （ C） constantly （ D） regularly 7 He often finds fault with my work. （ A） criticizes （ B） praises （ C） evaluates （ D） talks about 8 The little girl gr
4、asped her mothers hand as she crossed the street. （ A） understood （ B） had a hold over （ C） took hold of （ D） left hold of 9 In the situation comedy, a traditional format for television shows, the same characters appear repeatedly in humorous episodes. （ A） respectively （ B） again and again （ C） sim
5、ultaneously （ D） briefly 10 The best olive oil is obtained from olives that are harvested just after they ripen. （ A） preserved （ B） squeezed （ C） sorted （ D） gathered 11 Do not waste time on insignificant points. （ A） interesting （ B） dull （ C） unimportant （ D） boring 12 The company issues an annua
6、l report every March. （ A） a long （ B） a yearly （ C） a financial （ D） a product 13 As both a religion and a social force, Puritanism has made a widespread influence in the United States. （ A） a far-reaching （ B） a disturbing （ C） an annoying （ D） a favorable 14 When Washington DC was burned in 1814,
7、 Dollety Madison rescued many official papers from the White House. （ A） stole （ B） filed （ C） hid （ D） saved 15 She was one of the leading writers in her age. （ A） successful （ B） major （ C） outstanding （ D） musical 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；
8、如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 The Cold Places The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole. Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading 125 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. Reading of 85 degrees below zero i
9、s common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero. One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the
10、 low temperature the killing chill of far North and the polar South. To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not ever for a moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperatures. Men have a w
11、ay of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive. What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans.
12、There is life on land. Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have much like our own. Explorers have discovered
13、 coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive. 16 The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Win
14、ter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The Arctic and Antarctica are no mans lands because of their notorious coldness. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Polar explorers can stay alive without heaters and windproof shelters
15、. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Despite the hostile environment, both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so
16、has the Arctic. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 At one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew there. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下 面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选
17、项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Few Facts about Singapore 1.Singapore is an independent city state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island the Singapore Island and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the southea
18、stern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq. km. 2.Low lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的 ) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m
19、. The country has a wet tropical climate,with an average annual temperature of 27. 20C. The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm;the wettest months are November through January. 3.Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term is head of state,and a prime
20、 minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament,but by a 1991 constitutional amendment(修正案 ) ,the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law making body with its 81 members popularly elected. 4.In the late 1980s the country had some 29
21、0 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore,several technical colleges,and a teachers college. 5.Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia.
22、In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $ 23.7 billion,or $ 8,870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s,and Singapore now produces a diversity(多样化的 ) of goods, including chemicals,e-
23、lectronic items,clothing,and processed foods,etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important. A.Education. B.Land and climate. C.State system. D.Natural resources. E.Economy of Singapore. F.Population. 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 26 A.live a better li
24、fe B.made up of one major island and more than 50 small islands C.have more farmland D.by the people E.produce many kinds of goods F.have a big population 27 Singapore is a small state in the southeast of Asia_. 28 According to the constitution of Singapore, the president of the state is elected_. 2
25、9 Compared with people in other Asian countries, the Singaporeans_. 30 Though small, Singapore has an industry of its own and can_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 “Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plant
26、s that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in wat
27、er that has become salty. The pair have recendy begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estim
28、ated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷 ) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长 ) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林 ) that create swamps (沼泽 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut d
29、own. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透 ) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发 ) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them
30、functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very litde salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth.
31、 They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes
32、 into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. 31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true? （ A） They are students at Sussex University. （ B） They
33、are rice breeders. （ C） They are husband and wife. （ D） They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 32 Flowers and Yeo have started a program_. （ A） to find ways to prevent water pollution （ B） to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil （ C） to breed rice plants that taste sal
34、ty （ D） to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil 33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? （ A） Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed. （ B） The water table has gone down after droughts. （ C） Sea level has been continuously risin
35、g. （ D） Evaporation of water leaves salt behind. 34 The word “ affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by_. （ A） influence （ B） effect （ C） stop （ D） present 35 The attitude of the author towards the research project is_. （ A） positive （ B） negative （ C） suspicious （ D） indifferent 35 The firs
36、t navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by “light dues“ levied (征收 ) on ships, the original beac
37、on was blown up in 1776. Until then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonies. Litde over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses. The first eight lighthouses erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design:a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower
38、 rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences (高处 ), enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood
39、 or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic lighthouse in Cape Hatteras, North Carolin
40、a, which was lit in 1870. 190 feet high, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country. Not withstanding differences in construction appearance, most lighthouses in America shared several features: a light, living quarters, and sometimes a bell (or, later, a foghorn). They also had something els
41、e in common: a keeper and usually the keepers family. The keepers essential task was trimming the lantern wick (灯芯 ) in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life, they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands and appointments were often hand
42、ed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, and agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional. 36 Which is the best title for the passage? （ A
43、） The Lighthouse on Little Brewster Island. （ B） The Life of a Lighthouse Keeper. （ C） Early Lighthouses in the United States. （ D） The Modern Profession of Lighthouse-keeping. 37 Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony? （ A） It was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse B
44、oard. （ B） Many of the tallest lighthouses were built there. （ C） The first lantern wicks were developed there. （ D） The first lighthouse in North America was built there. 38 It can be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did NOT need high towers because_. （ A） ships there had
45、 high masts （ B） coastal waters were safe （ C） the coast was straight and unobstructed （ D） the lighthouses were built on high places 39 According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States be found? （ A） Little Brewster Island. （ B） The Florida Keys. （ C） Cape Hatte
46、ras. （ D） Cape Cod. 40 We can know from the passage that the coast of North Carolina is_. （ A） rocky eminences （ B） high and flat （ C） low and sandy （ D） high and sandy 40 The Gene Industry Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing en
47、zymes (霉 ) in the automobile to monitor exhausts and send data on pollution to a microprocessor (微处理机 ) that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metal-hungry microbes(渴望吃金属的微生物 ) that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water“. They have alrea
48、dy demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry jn the entire biotechnological(生物工艺学 ) field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “ microbe spills “ that c
49、ould spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should
