1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Have you heard about the book which pushes blood types as determining whether somebody should be vegetarian or not? The idea of choosing foods based on your blood type was popularized by Peter J. DAdamo, ND, in his book, Eat Right For Your Type. DAd
2、amo, a naturopath, proposes that those who have blood type A should be vegetarian, while those with blood type O must eat meat and eliminate wheat and some other grains. He says that following the correct diet for your blood type will help you maintain optimal health and weight, avoid many infection
3、s, and fight back against life-threatening illnesses. Is there any truth to his claims? While DAdamo spends more than 350 pages explaining the minute details of the foods, supplements, medications, and exercise regimens which should be followed by people with each blood type, he fails to scientifica
4、lly document the effectiveness of his recommendations. Many of the claims which he makes are not backed up by published research. For example, depending on your blood type, you are presented with detailed lists of foods which are highly beneficial, neutral, or to be avoided. How were these lists gen
5、erated? Has any research been published showing adverse health effects from use of foods which should be avoided? No studies are presented which support what appear to be the authors speculations. Numerous studies have shown that vegetarians live longer than non-vegetarians and have a lower risk of
6、a number of chronic diseases. These studies are likely to be based on people from all blood type groups. It certainly seems that a vegetarian diet has benefits for those studied, regardless of their blood type. Similarly, studies like those of Dean Ornish appear to demonstrate the beneficial effect
7、of a vegetarian diet and other lifestyle changes on a number of individuals, and not just those of a certain blood type. Eat Right For Your Type should not be used as the basis for dietary change. Statements like I could never be a vegetarian, Im type O“ are not based on scientific evidence and may
8、even lead people to avoid making dietary changes which could benefit both their health and the health of our planet. Our advice? Stick with a varied, whole foods-based vegetarian diet regardless of your blood type. (378 words) 1 Which is NOT the effect of following the correct diet for your blood ty
9、pe according to DAdamos opinion? （ A） Prevent fatal diseases. （ B） Be immune from infections. （ C） Keep your skin smooth. （ D） Retain best health. 2 What does “minute“ (Line 1, Para. 3) mean? （ A） Precise. （ B） Vivid. （ C） Faithful. （ D） Tiny. 3 In the authors opinion, DAdamo includes in his book al
10、l BUT_. （ A） categories of blood type and their diet （ B） scientific supports to his theories （ C） foods can be classified as beneficial, neutral, or to be avoided （ D） other elements good for health 4 What is the authors attitude toward DAdamos advice? （ A） Unbelieving. （ B） Supportive. （ C） Hesita
11、ting. （ D） Disdaining. 5 What is the authors advice? （ A） Stick to the diet according to ones blood type. （ B） A limited diet regardless of ones blood type. （ C） A combination of meat diet. （ D） A varied, whole foods-based vegetarian diet. 5 Imagine that if at the grocery store the person bagging yo
12、ur purchases left empty. unused spaces in each bag causing you to carry 10 instead of 5 bags out to your car then into your home. You would be investing some extra time, energy and space when it was unnecessary. Now transfer that thought to the waste and recycling industry. Instead of filling a tras
13、h bag or bin with large empty spaces, we can all do some simple acts to help keep transportation costs down while reducing fossil fuel consumption and saving ourselves some time and money. The flattening of boxes greatly increases space efficiency in a bin. This does not just apply to cardboard boxe
14、s, but also includes any paperboard (cereal or pet food) ones as well. Crushing cans before recycling is much more easily done if it is possible to remove both the top and bottom lids first. Foil products are easily flattened by hand. Periodically crush your garbage bag down to its true size and you
15、 will find that it does not need to be placed on the curb as often. Fewer trips to the dump means less fossil fuel consumed. Garbage collection fees are more easily maintained by the company due to reduced costs per bag, and some companies even offer a discount for those who produce less waste. Also
16、 worth noting is that the household will go through fewer plastic garbage bags. Some kitchen waste disposal units tend to put unnecessary pressure on overtaxed sewage plants. A much better option is to practice composting or vermiculture methods instead. Composting organic waste reduces household tr
17、ash by approximately 30%. Go one step further by reusing various plastic bags to isolate smelly meat, bones and pet waste. By controlling odors in the garbage, the bag will not have to be put out on the curb as often. So, imagine that if your waste and recycling was now half the size that it typical
18、ly was before. That means in theory the waste pickup service would decrease costs by 50%, the landfill would be receiving half of what it used to, fewer trips to the recycling depot, less pollution? Well you get the picture. It is easy to make a difference and we can all start at home. Right where w
19、e are. (382 words) 6 What is the best title for the passage? （ A） Crush Your Garbage Bag Down to Its True Size. （ B） Start from Your Kitchen. （ C） Efficiency Equals Reduction. （ D） Solutions to Rubbish. 7 The authors reference to the bagging in the shop is_. （ A） to serve as an analogy （ B） to prove
20、 that the shop assistants are wasting space （ C） to tell us that the shops are not skillful in bagging groceries （ D） to show how often you have to spend more time and energy with ten bags instead of five ones 8 Which of the following is the equivalent to fossil fuel? （ A） Coal. （ B） Petrol. （ C） Na
21、tural gas. （ D） Electricity. 9 How can the waste pickup service decrease costs by 50%? （ A） Put pressure on overtaxed sewage plants. （ B） Make fewer trips to the recycling depot. （ C） Ask people to use various paper bags. （ D） Let every household make best use of space in the trash containers. 10 Wh
22、ich action has NOTHING to do with the suggestions the passage talks about? （ A） Tighten the old newspapers. （ B） Crush foil products. （ C） Flatten cardboard boxes. （ D） Use larger trash bags. 10 At the beginning of the nineteenth century, workers were differentiated by skill, income, and relative op
23、portunities for advancement. The unskilled fared poorly. Laborers, weavers, and mill workers, who constituted perhaps 40 percent of the urban working class, received about a dollar per day. Skilled workers variously known as craftsman, artisans, or mechanics received nearly double that. The tools th
24、ey owned and their proficiency in using them gave skilled workers marketable assets. Working independently or with others as journeymen in small shops directed by master craftsmen, who supervised the production of goods for a custom market, they could realistically anticipate becoming masters someda
25、y. The technological and economical changes of the nineteenth-century had a marked impact on American workers. Improvements in turnpikes(收费公里 ) or toll roads gave way to “canal fever“ accompanied by the appearance of steamboats and, in the 1880s and 1840s, railroads. The resulting sharp reduction in
26、 transportation costs enabled sellers to compete successfully in distant markets, opening up great profit-making opportunities to efficient large-scale manufacturers. Limited custom-order and local trade gave way to a massive national market, inevitably affecting the conditions of the workers who pr
27、oduced for this market. Merchants increasingly assumed control not only over the sale of goods but also over their production. Their possession of substantial capital and easy access to credit enabled them to contract for massive orders all over the country. The size of their operations enabled them
28、 to cut prices below those fixed by masters and journeymen. On the surface, little seemed to have changed. In the typical shop the master was still the chief, and the craftsmen he presided over still owned their tools. Their style of work in many cases differed little from what it had been in the ei
29、ghteenth century. But now the merchant capitalist supplied the raw materials and owned and marketed the finished product made in the shop. The masters became small contractors employed by the merchant capitalist and, in turn, employing one to a dozen journeymen. Since the profits of masters came sol
30、ely out of wages and work, they sought to lessen dependence on skill and to increase speed of output. To increase profits, masters demanded greater productivity from skilled workers and resorted to cheaper labor prisoners, women, children, and the unskilled. Under the increasing economic pressure, t
31、he apprentice system eventually broke down. (385 words) 11 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） History of laborers. （ B） Changes in working conditions. （ C） Development of transportation. （ D） Categorizing workers by jobs. 12 Which of the following did NOT separate the skilled worker from the uns
32、killed worker? （ A） Geographical location of the workplace. （ B） Ownership of the tools of the trade. （ C） Ability to use tools to make goods. （ D） Prospect of advancement within the trade. 13 The possibility of filling orders for a national market was due to （ A） changed conditions for all workers
33、（ B） new machinery for producing goods （ C） advances in modes of transportation （ D） decreased demand for local goods 14 Which of the following did NOT contribute to the rise of the merchants? （ A） Easy access to credit. （ B） Cheaper transportation. （ C） Shortage of skilled labor. （ D） Control over
34、substantial capital. 15 Who would probably provide the cheapest goods? （ A） Masters. （ B） Journeymen. （ C） Workers. （ D） Merchants. 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 13答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第二段没有提到 “保持你的皮肤光滑 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 minute在此处是 “微小的 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答
35、案】 B 【试题解析】 从第三段开始，作者就开始谴责 DAdamo在书中所提的观点，他认为这些观点是没有科学根据的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考上面一题的解释。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 参考全文最后一句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 由于 C项的内容已经涵盖了 A、 B和 D项的内容， 所以选 C比较合适。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 analogy意思为 “类推 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 fo
36、osil fuel“矿物燃料 ”，这里精确的所指是 “汽油 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 只有把垃圾的容量减少到一半，垃圾费才能减少 50。 D项的内容与问题接近。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 全文主张压缩垃圾 ，没有提到使用大垃圾袋，故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章的主要内容是： 19世纪初，美国的工人分为技术性的和非技术性的。当然，技术性的工人比非技术性的工人挣钱多。不过挣钱更多的是磨坊主，是他们掌管着市场和产品的生产。随着社会科技的发展、经济方面的进
37、步、交通的便利和便宜使得销售市场变得更大、更远，这促使商业资本家得以出现。显然，商业资本家的利润比磨坊主的利润大得多。市场和产品生产的掌管权也从磨坊主那里转移到了商业资本家手里 。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 B、 C和 D项的内容在第一段里都有，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据第二段，轮船和铁路的出现使交通费便宜了，从而使商家能够到全国各地去进货。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据第二段和第三段， “缺乏技术工人 ”不是商家兴起的原因，故选C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第三段最 后一句：由于商人经营规模大，所以货物的价格要低于商店老板和工匠们所提供的商品价格。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
