1、考博英语模拟试卷 118及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 With her last child having left home, she felt a _ need to fill her time. （ A） tense （ B） thorough （ C） pressing （ D） small 2 it is generally thought that as teachers work with students, psychology course work is _ to teacher-training. （ A） indispensa
2、ble （ B） inviolate （ C） indisposed （ D） invariable 3 The announcement of the death of their leader caused thereafter a feeling of great despair to _ their lives. （ A） overflow （ B） scatter （ C） permeate （ D） manipulate 4 Fear of pirate _ led the French to fortify their coastline. （ A） excursions （ B
3、） incursions （ C） transmigrations （ D） transmogrifications 5 During the oil crisis of the 1970s, many states _ speed limits to reduce gasoline use. （ A） implanted （ B） imposed （ C） impaired （ D） impressed 6 Over-taxation, many argue, impedes initiative, so that government income may actually _. （ A）
4、 mushroom （ B） capsize （ C） shrink （ D） dispel 7 The assassin hid himself carefully from view before _ his future victim. （ A） drawing from （ B） drawing up （ C） drawing with （ D） drawing on 8 He never exerts himself to aid those trying to _ a difficult situation. （ A） rectify （ B） modify （ C） solidi
5、fy （ D） verify 9 His alibi was fishy, yet _ to close scrutiny. （ A） stood still （ B） withstood （ C） stood up （ D） stood off 10 Practitioners of law and medicine are esteemed in many countries which seems to indicate that _ depends on profession or title. （ A） prestige （ B） superiority （ C） privilege
6、 （ D） merit 11 The majority of the observers at the conference, in contradistinction to the delegates, were opposed to ratification. （ A） adjournment （ B） distribution （ C） tabling （ D） approval 12 Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamenting for was in any way kin. （
7、 A） speaking for （ B） running risks for （ C） pleading for （ D） mourning for 13 I could never spend the time that he does pouring over sports magazines, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages. （ A） delicate （ B） incomprehensible （ C） meaningless （ D） complicated 14 In England, Latin appe
8、ars never to have superseded the old Gaelic speech among the people. （ A） joined （ B） replaced （ C） influenced （ D） given way to 15 Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attempts at rescuing the victims. （ A） encouraged （ B） hindered （ C） nullified （ D） crowned 16 Death ensued as a
9、 result of suffocation. （ A） heart failure （ B） an accident （ C） disease （ D） asphyxiation 17 We must safeguard against coerced confessions. （ A） bribed （ B） emotional （ C） unprofitable （ D） forced 18 My attention was engaged by the articles caption. （ A） graph （ B） author （ C） contents （ D） title 1
10、9 The report was unusual in that it insinuated corruption on the part of the minister. （ A） denied （ B） suggested （ C） proposed （ D） stated 20 When a newspaper prints an inaccurate date for an event, universal chagrin results. （ A） discomfiture （ B） amusement （ C） reprisal （ D） loss of profit 二、 Gra
11、mmar 21 _ sugar _ salt is oil water. （ A） Not as. as （ B） No more than. as （ C） Not more than. is （ D） Not more than. as 22 His mother frequently denies him permission to do things, and that is _. （ A） ever （ B） this （ C） that （ D） over 23 The staff in pediatrics _ rushed whereas the geriatric ward
12、is not busy at all. （ A） is nearly always （ B） nearly is always （ C） always is nearly （ D） is always nearly 24 Anais Nins diaries are often scandalous, probably because she describes herself as she is rather than _. （ A） others define her （ B） as others define her （ C） her definition by others （ D）
13、she is defined by others 25 _ , the mayor conceded defeat in his bid for re-election. （ A） Having racked up a lead of some 150000 votes （ B） Having been racked up a lead of some 150000 votes （ C） His opponent having racked up a lead of some 150000 votes （ D） His opponent racking up a lead of some 15
14、0000 votes 26 Never has a scientific explanation emerged, _ someone somewhere has objected to it. （ A） that （ B） which （ C） whom （ D） but 27 Your mentor and friend _ to support me in my financial, undertaking. （ A） have consented （ B） has consented （ C） have been consenting （ D） are consented 28 Due
15、 in large part to the complexity of its structure-over two hundred bones _ together by ligaments-the human skeleton is a marvel of architectural construction. （ A） binding （ B） bound （ C） bounded （ D） bind 29 In as much as a year does not elapse without a certain number of villagers falling victim t
16、o the ferocity of a tiger, its roar is _ heard by the natives _ feelings of terror. （ A） not. with （ B） not. without （ C） seldom. with （ D） always. without 30 I regret to say that your thesis requires more thinking than _ for the problem is exceedingly complex. （ A） to be put in （ B） has been put in
17、 （ C） being put in （ D） have been put in 31 One of the (more intriguing) theories about the destruction of Ur is his contention that the population (may destroy) their ziggurats and (abandoned) their metropolis in anger against the deities that permitted (so long) a famine. （ A） more intriguing （ B）
18、 may destroy （ C） abandoned （ D） so long 32 In the bush, the ill (took it to be) only logical (if) the one who could dure an illness (should also possess) the ability of causing it, and (that) even at a distance. （ A） took it to be （ B） if （ C） should also possess （ D） that 33 Ores which (are occurr
19、ed) naturally (as) elements, such as gold (are of) extreme rarity and (are occasionally) of high value. （ A） are occurred （ B） as （ C） are of （ D） are occasionally 34 Unless (they are so permitted) by the attending (physician), no visitors or relatives (can) enter, the (patients) room （ A） they are
20、so permitted （ B） physician （ C） can （ D） patients 35 A rigorous alertness (must be) (adhered) when (notetaking) with the inessential ignored (and) the superfluous eliminated. （ A） must be （ B） adhered （ C） notetaking （ D） and 36 It is (largely) through perspiration, (or) the evaporation of water (t
21、hrough) the pores, that humans(rid them) of excess moisture. （ A） largely （ B） or （ C） through （ D） rid them 37 (Provided) the computer is (given) correct information (to start), accuracy (is) another outstanding advantage. （ A） Provided （ B） given （ C） to start （ D） is 38 And (so early) every morni
22、ng (therefore), but not before the infant (bathed), (did she betake) herself to the outhouse. （ A） so early （ B） therefore （ C） bathed （ D） did she betake 39 He (stood) on tiptoe, (stretching) as far as he could, (however), still, he (could not reach) the book. （ A） stood （ B） stretching （ C） howeve
23、r （ D） could not reach 40 (As gentle as possible), and (with help from) an assistant, the veterinarian examined the hippo to determine (if) (she) was pregnant. （ A） As gentle as possible （ B） with help from （ C） if （ D） she 三、 Reading Comprehension 40 Researchers disagree whether the “use it or lose
24、 it“ philosophy holds for cognitive aging, but there is one evidence that keeping mentally active can slow age-related declines. At Pennsylvania State University, Sherry Willis and her husband, K. Warner Schaie, have studied 5000 people, some since 1956. People lucky enough to avoid chronic diseases
25、 may also fare better in intellectual function, they find, perhaps because chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and reduce mental stimulation. Similarly, those lucky enough to be relatively affluent also fare better, perhaps because money can buy intellectually stimulating things like travel. Edu
26、cation helps, too, researchers say because of instills the conviction that you can always learn something new. The Schaie-Willis team also has some other observations. Being in a stable marriage with a stimulating spouse, they say, helps maintain intellectual vigor. Flexibility counts too. People wh
27、o stay mentally vibrant are often those who do not insist that “they must do things today as they did before“ Schaie says. In neuropsychological terms, the ability to see problems in new ways often yields higher scores on tests of-mental function. And people satisfied with life also stay more mental
28、ly fit, he says. If you find your mental skills sagging, consider working on specific deficits. When Willis gave 5-hour tutorials on inductive reasoning or spatial skills to about 200 people whose skills had declined in the previous 14 years, 40 percent regained lost abilities. That advantage held u
29、p seven years late when they were retested. Other ways to stay sharp, Schaie says, are doing jigsaw puzzles to hone visuo-spatial skills, working crossword puzzles for verbal skills, playing bridge for memory and simply matching wits at home with players on TV game shows. Finally, remember this. Eve
30、n though you may lose some mental skills with normal aging, you also gain in one key area: wisdom. The growth of wisdom continues throughout the 40s, 50s and even 60s. 41 In the passage, the author mainly discuss _. （ A） the role mental stimulation in preventing mental aging, （ B） gradual loss of me
31、ntal skills with normal aging. （ C） the relationship between mental function and spatial skills. （ D） effective ways to keep intellectual vigor. 42 The word “it“ in the saying “use it or lose it“ (paragraph 1) refer to _. （ A） brain power （ B） cognitive development （ C） mental stimulating （ D） intel
32、lectual function 43 According ;to the researchers, which of the following factors affects cognitive aging? （ A） Education （ B） Chronic illness （ C） Standard of living （ D） All of the above 44 From this passage we may safely infer that _ might help prevent mental declines. （ A） physical exercises （ B
33、） social interconnections （ C） rigid daily routines （ D） a healthy diet 45 According to the author, all of the following can truly be said about wisdom EXCEPT that _. （ A） wisdom may be thought of as a special form of abilities and knowledge completely developed with life experience. （ B） wisdom may
34、 still grow even when the process of mental aging started. （ C） wisdom is superior in importance to mental skills such as inductive reasoning and spatial skills. （ D） wisdom makes up an important part of brain power. 45 Generation gaps are nothing new. Imperfect communication between age groups plag
35、ued the ancient Greeks and current works alike. Many an older worker chafes at an under-30 colleague who surfs the Internet, listens to his Sony Walkman and chats on the phone or with his desk mate, all while working on a project due in an hour. Sometimes, of course, he isnt corking, and thats a who
36、le different issue. But sometimes he is getting lots of great stuff done. In the meantime, the different work styles create a case of “Would you please shut up“ vs. “Lighten up. Get a life“ Marc Prensky, vice president of Bankers Trust and founder of its interactive learning subsidiary, Corporate Ga
37、meware, was on point in Across the board, a publication of the conference board. The business research organization titled Prenskys article “Twitch Speed,“ a reference to the fast pace of video game play. Today under-30 workers likely grew up in a multimedia, technology-rich, twitch-speed environmen
38、t. Prensky says they simultaneously did homework, watched TV and listened to music; this exposure changed the ways they receive and process information. Baby boomers and older workers may or may not have done homework by TV, but much else has changed. Sociologists say the over-30s are more likely to
39、 want room doors close. TV off, one thing happening at a time, quiet, please! When the two heritages clash in the workplace, it pits comfort with speed and “multitasking“ against comfort with deliberation and focused concentration. Sound familiar? If the gap has become a chasm in your workplace, its
40、 time to talk. Both work styles can be productive, but both sides need to make accommodations so the others productivity isnt impaired. 46 This passage is mainly talking about _. （ A） generation gaps （ B） work styles of different age groups （ C） lack of mutual understanding between the old and the y
41、oung （ D） imperfect communication between old and young workers 47 From the context we may figure out that the word “plagued“ (paragraph 1 ) means _. （ A） annoyed （ B） infected （ C） damaged （ D） affected 48 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Older workers often feel a
42、nnoyed about their young colleagues attitudes towards work. （ B） Younger workers always do a good job of their work though they prefer to listen to music or chat with others while working. （ C） The different work styles may sometimes lead to an unnecessary argument. （ D） Older workers are used to wo
43、rking in a comfortable and quiet environment so that they can fully concentrate on what they are doing. 49 The author agrees with Marc Prensky on the point that younger workers prefer a “multitasking“ style because _. （ A） they are smart and energetic （ B） they have the special ability to perform se
44、veral tasks at the same time. （ C） brought up in a special cultural background, they have developed a behavioral pattern different from that of their older colleagues. （ D） they have been trained to receive and process information in a special way. 50 The author maintains that both sides should _ if
45、 the two pattern work styles clash headlong. （ A） be patient （ B） realize that both work styles are productive （ C） make efforts to avoid doing damage to the others productivity （ D） make compromise to bridge the gulf between them 50 A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to
46、 have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is
47、an improvement on the printed test, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often
48、 g0.ilty of cruelty than those who had not. Every child has aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are I think, well-authenticated cases of children being d
49、angerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises form the child having heard the story once. familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into other pleasure of the fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that faints, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist, and that, instead of indul
