1、笔译三级实务模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 Acid rain, is a form of air pollution, currently a subject of great controversy because of widespread environmental damage for which it has been
2、 blamed. It forms when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids, which may then be carded long distances from their source before they are deposited by rain. The pollution many also take the form of snow or fog or be precipitated in dry forms
3、. In fact, although the term “acid rain“ has been in use for more than a century it is derived from atmospheric studies that were made in the region of Manchester, England the more accurate scientific term would be “acid deposition.“ The dry form of such precipitation is just as damaging as the liqu
4、id form, especially to trees and structures. Furthermore, some of the pollutants also associated with acid rain are not themselves acidic. The problem of acid rain may be said to have originated with the Industrial Revolution, and it has been growing ever since. The severity of its effects has long
5、been recognized in local settings, as exemplified by the spells of acid smog in heavily industrialized areas. The wide destructiveness of acid rain, however, has come to be realized only in recent decades. One large area that has been studied extensively is northern Europe, where acid rain has erode
6、d structures, injured crops and forests, and threatened or depleted life in freshwater lakes. In 1983, for example, published reports indicated that 34 percent of the forested areas of West Germany had been damaged by acid rain. The northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada have also been affected by thi
7、s form of pollution, and other areas of the two countries are also showing increasing signs of damages, as are other regions of the world. Industrial emissions have been blamed as the major cause of acid rain. Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere a
8、re complex and as yet little understood, industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for further studies; and because of the cost of pollution reduction, governments have tended to support this attitude. Studies released by the U.S. government in the early 1980s, howe
9、ver, strongly implicated industries as the main source of acid rain. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 近年来，中国政府倡导国内旅游，推行 “假日经济 ”政策，给公民每年 3次为期一周的长假，让他们将更多储蓄用于旅游，购物和外出就餐。 2004年，五一节的总旅游消费达 390亿元人民币。 目前
10、旅游业收入占国内生产总值的 2.3%。预计到 2013年，旅游收入将每年增长10%，并创造 4,000万个就业机会。 旅游的间接效益更大，估计创造了 1,840亿美元的经济活动，以及 5,400万个就业岗位。这些经济活动包括政府花在会议上的旅游开支，以及重要的旅游项目投资。 中国在公路、火车站和机场方面投资巨大。新航线和公交公司不断涌现，竞争降低了旅游成本。京沪间单程机票售价为 850-900元人民币，有时还会更低。一些航线开展网上售票服务，方便人们购票。更多私车和汽车租赁中介的出现让数百万人不仅能跟团旅游，还能自己开车出游。 笔译三级实务模拟试卷 3答案与解析 一、 PART 1 Engli
11、sh-Chinese Translation (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this part is 120 minutes. 1 【正确答案】 酸雨是一种空气污染，正引起激烈的争论，因为人们把广泛的环境破坏归咎于酸雨。酸雨是这样形成的：硫和氮的氧化物与空气中的水蒸气相结合而产生硫酸和硝酸，硫酸和硝酸可以在空气中漂浮到距离产生地很远的地方，然后随雨水落下。污染物可能采取雪或雾的形式，也可能以干燥的形式落下。其实，“酸雨 ”一词虽已用了一个多世纪 这个词是从英国曼彻斯特地区进 行的大气
12、研究工作中产生的 更为精确的科学术语应当是 “酸降 ”。这种以干燥的形式和液体形式落下的东西具有同样的破坏力，对树木和建筑物来说尤其是这样。此外，有些与酸雨有关的污染物本身并无酸性。 酸雨问题可以说起源于工业革命，从那时起就越来越严重。酸雨的严重性，在局部地区早就为人们所认识，工业化程度较高的地区不时出现的酸性烟雾就是明证。然而，酸雨具有广泛的破坏性，只是在近几十年才为人们所认识。曾在一片很大的地区进行广泛的研究，那就是北欧。在那里，酸雨腐蚀了建筑物，损害了农作物和林木，危及甚至已经灭绝了淡水 湖泊里的生物。例如，有公开发表的报告说， 1983年西德森林覆盖的地方，有 34受到酸雨的破坏。美国
13、东北部和加拿大东部地区也都受到这种污染，两国的其它地区也有迹象受到日益严重破坏的迹象，世界上其它地区也是这种情况。 人们认为工业废气是产生酸雨的主要原因。由于在大气层形成酸雨所涉及的化学作用是复杂的，而且人们至今知之甚少，工业部门对上述评价一直持有异议，并强调需作进一步的研究。同时由于减轻污染耗资巨大，政府部门也一向支持这种态度。然而美国政府于二十世纪八十年代初发表的研究报告强调指出工业部门是产生酸雨的 主要来源。 【试题解析】 1 acid rain 分析 基本素质采分点。 acid rain直接按照字面意思译成 “酸雨 ”即可。 2 It forms when oxides of sulf
14、ur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids, which may then be carded long distances from their source before they are deposited by rain. 酸雨是这样形成的：硫和氮的氧化物与空气中的水蒸气相结合而产生硫酸和硝酸，硫酸和硝酸可以在空气中漂浮到距离产生地很远的地方，然后随雨水落下。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原句是个复合句，在翻译成汉语时，采用断句的方法。 It forms可以翻译成
15、“它是这样形成的 ”，后面接着详细列出。 Which引导的非限定性定语从句可以单独翻译， which所代的先行词要译出：硫酸和硝酸可以在空气中漂浮到距离产生地很远的地方。从句 before they are deposited by rain不翻译成状语从句，连词也不译成“在 之前 ”，这不符合汉语习惯，考虑与句子前半部分的连贯，译成 “然后随雨水落下 ”。在选词上应该注意：不译成 moisture“潮湿，湿度 ”； source不译成 “根源 ”； deposit“堆积，沉淀 ”，指通过雨来进行沉淀，译成 “降下酸雨 ”。 oxides of sulfur and nitrogen属于基本素
16、质采分点，译成 “硫和氮的氧化物 ”。 Oxide：氧化物。 Sulfur：硫磺， Nitrogent：氮。 3 The pollution may also take the form of snow or fog or be precipitated in dry forms. 污染物可能采取雪或雾的形式，也可能以干燥的形式落下。 分析 选词用词采分点。 precipitate指 “沉淀，猛地落下 ”。这里也是指以干燥的形式降落到地面上。 4 Furthermore, some of the pollutants also associated with acid rain are not
17、 themselves acidic. 此外，有些与酸雨有关的污染物本身并无酸性。 分析 理解结构采分点。原文的 associated with acid rain作为 pollutants的定语，说明此种污染物是与酸雨有关的，在译文中翻成 “ 的 ”。 5 it has been growing ever since从那时起就越来越严重 分析 理解表达采分点。 grow一词指的是酸雨逐渐变得厉害，严重，所以，这里不能翻成 “变得、增长 ”，要用 “严重 ”表达为佳。 6 The severity of its effects has long been recognized in local
18、 settings, as exemplified by the spells of acid smog in heavily industrialized areas. 在局部地区早就为人们所认识，工业化程度较高的地区不时出现的酸性烟雾就是明证。 分析 理解表达采分点。 as exemplified by the spells of acid smog in heavily industrialized areas可以从后面往前翻译，即工业化程度较高的地区不时出现的酸性烟雾就是明证。 setting指“环境 ”，但根据上下文，该词实际上指的是 “地区，区域 ”，所以译成 “局部地区 ”。 s
19、pells指 “断断续续的，不时的 ”。 7 One large area that has been studied extensively is northern Europe, where acid rain has eroded structures, injured crops and forests, and threatened or depleted life in freshwater lakes曾在一片很大的地区进行广泛的研究，那就是北欧。在那里，酸雨腐蚀了建筑物，伤害了农作物和林木，危及甚至已经灭绝了淡水湖泊里的生物。 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句采用断句的方法翻译。前半
20、句为一个 that引导的定语从句：那被广泛研究的大面积土地 ； .where acid rain.后面半句是由 where引导的地点状语从句，说明在北欧这片土地上酸雨所造成的危害。因此翻译的时候要分成两个句子来译。即， that has been studied extensively is northern Europe“曾在一片很大的地区进行广泛的研究，那就是北欧 ”。 where acid rain has eroded structures, inured crops and forests. and threatened or depleted life in freshwater
21、lakes译成 “在那里，酸雨腐蚀了建筑物，损害了农作物和林木，有可能危及甚至已经灭绝了淡水湖泊里的生物 ”。 8 .showing increasing signs of damages, as are other regions of the world.也有迹象受到日益严重的破坏，世界上其它地区也是这种情况。 分析 选词用词采分点。 increasing指 “逐渐增多的 ”。因后面跟的是 signs of damage，因此， “逐渐增多的破坏 ”即为 “破坏日益严重 ”。 9 industrial emissions工业废气 分析 选词用词采分点。 emission，指 (光，热等的
22、)“散发，发射 ”。这里的 “工业散发 ”应该就是指工业所排放的废弃物。而能够排放到空中导致酸雨产生的废弃物，应该以废气为主，因此，译成 “工业废气 ”为宜。 10 Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere are complex and as yet little understood, industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for furthe
23、r studies; and because of the cost of pollution reduction, governments have tended to support this attitude, 由于在大气层形成酸雨所涉及的化学作用是复杂的，而且人们至今知之甚少，工业部门对上述评价一直持有异议，并强调需作进一步的研究。同时由于减轻污染耗资巨大，政府部门也一向支持这种态度。 分析 选词用词采分点。 .industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for further
24、studies中的 rand to和 challenge一般指 “倾向于 ”； “向 挑战 ”。在本文中 tend to challenge such. 表达倾向于挑战这些评价时，实际上指的是 “不相信或不支持这些评价或怀疑此类评价 ”，所以可以翻成 “对上述评价表示怀疑或持有异议 ”。 11 Studies released by the U.S. government in the early 1980s, however, strongly implicated industries as the main source of acid rain. 然而美国政府于二十世纪八十年代初发表的
25、研究报告强调指出工业部门是产生酸雨的主要来源。 分析 选词用词采分点。 release指 “释放，放弃，免除 ”。在这里根据文意翻译成 “发表或发布 ”更为贴切。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this part is 60 minutes. 2 【正确答案】 In recent years, the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and
26、implemented a policy of “holiday economics“, giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and the opportunity to spend more savings on travel, shopping and eating out. In 2004, total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan. Tourism now contributes 2.3 percent of the
27、nations gross domestic product (GDP), and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to 2013, creating 40 million jobs. The indirect effects of tourism are even greater, accounting for an estimated US 184 billion of economic activity and contributing to some 54 million jobs. That a
28、ctivity includes significant investment in tourism projects, as well as government travel expenditures on meetings. China has spent heavily on building roads, railway stations and airports. New airlines and bus companies have emerged, and competition has cut the cost of travel. A one-way air ticket
29、between Shanghai and Beijing costs 850-900 yuan, and cheaper prices are occasionally available. Some airlines have begun online ticketing services, making it even easier to take a holiday. More private cars and the emergence of car rental agencies have allowed millions of people to travel on their o
30、wn, as well as in tour groups. 【试题解析】 1近年来，中国政府倡导国内旅游，推行 “假日经济 ”政策，给公民每年 3次为期一周的长假，让他们将更多储蓄用于旅游、购物和外出就餐。In recent years, the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and implemented a policy of “holiday economics“, giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and the opportunity to
31、spend more savings on travel, shopping and eating out. 分析 用词选词采 分点。 此句用到意译法； “倡导 ”在此的意义其实是 “鼓励 ”：因为 initiate意思为 “创使，发起 ”。国内旅游是早已存在的现象，因此本句应用 encourage。 “国内旅游 ”应译为： domestic travel。类似的还有： encourage(stimulate)tourist travel鼓励 (刺激 )观光旅游。 “假日经济 ”为： holiday economics。 “将更多储蓄用于旅游、购物和外出就餐为： spend more savi
32、ngs on travel, shopping and eating out。 2 2004年，五一节的总旅游消费达 390亿元人民币。 In 2004, total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan. 分析 用词选词采分点。 此处的 “五一节 ”指的是 “五一长假 ”，所以应译为： the May Day holidays。 3目前旅游业收入占国内生产总值的 2.3%。预计到 2013年，旅游收入将每年增长 10%，并创造 4,000万个就业机 会。 Tourism now contributes
33、 2.3 percent of the nations gross domestic product(GDP), and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to 2013, creating 40 million jobs. 分析 基本素质采分点。 “旅游业 ”应译为： tourism(观光旅行，旅游事业，旅游业 )。 gross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值，专有名词要用公认的名称来译，类似的还有： gross national product(GNP)国民生产总值。 理解表达采
34、分点。 本句采用的是并句技巧，把汉语中的四个语言单位合译成英语的一个句子，其中最后一个汉语语言单位 (并创造 4,000万个就业机会 )在英语中用分词短语 (作伴随状语 )来表示。 4旅游的间接效益更大，估计创造了 1,840亿美元的经济活动，以及 5,400万个就业岗位。 The indirect effects of tourism are even greater, accounting for an estimated US$ 184 billion of economic activity and contributing to some 54 million jobs. 分析 理解表达采分点。 本句采用并句技巧，把原文的后两个单句译为一对并列的分词短语作伴随状语： accounting forand contributing to 5新航线和公交公司不断涌现，竞争降低了旅游成本。 New airlines and bus companies have emerged, and competition has cut the cost of travel. 分析 理解表达采分点。 本句采用并句技巧，把原文的两个单句译为一个并列句。
