1、托福模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 0 “Professors Office“ 1 Why does the man go to see his professor? （ A） To prepare for the next midterm （ B） To clarify a question from the midterm （ C） To find out his grade on the midterm （ D） To complain about his grade on the midterm 2 Why does the man say this: （ A） He is giving
2、something to the professor. （ B） He is trying to justify his position. （ C） He is apologizing because he does not understand. （ D） He is signaling that he will explain his problem. 3 What did the man do wrong? （ A） He did not finish the test within the time limit. （ B） He did not study enough before
3、 the test. （ C） He did not answer one question completely. （ D） He did not understand a major concept. 4 According to the student, what is divergent evolution? （ A） A population that evolves differently does not have a common ancestor. （ B） A similar environment can affect the evolution of different
4、 species. （ C） A similar group that is separated may develop different characteristics. （ D） The climate of an area will allow scientists to predict the life forms. 5 What will Jerry probably do on the next test? （ A） He will look for questions with several parts. （ B） He will read the entire test b
5、efore he begins. （ C） He will ask for more time to finish. （ D） He will write an outline for each essay. 5 “Art History Class“ 6 What is the discussion mainly about? （ A） Catherine de Medicis entertainments （ B） The figures for court dancing （ C） The development of the ballet （ D） The relationship b
6、etween dance and meals 7 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To end his explanation and begin the lectUre （ B） To apologize to the students about their tests （ C） To comment about the students grades （ D） To regain the attention of the class 8 According to the professor, what does the term ballett
7、i mean? （ A） A dramatic story （ B） A parade of horses （ C） A dance done in figures （ D） An outdoor entertainment 9 How did the early choreographers accommodate the abilities of amateur performers? （ A） The steps were quite simple. （ B） The same performance was repeated. （ C） Practice sessions were l
8、engthy. （ D） The dance was seen from a distance. 10 Why does the professor mention that he checked several references about the length of Queen Louises Ballet?. （ A） He was very interested in the ballet. （ B） He did not know much about it. （ C） He wasnt sure that it was accurate. （ D） He wanted to i
9、mpress the class. 11 What can be inferred about the professor? （ A） He is not very polite to his class. （ B） He encourages the students to participate. （ C） He is not very interested in the topic. （ D） He is probably a good dancer. 11 “Linguistics Class“ 12 What is the discussion mainly about? （ A）
10、The history of the English language （ B） Different types of grammar （ C） A linguistic perspective for Latin （ D） Standard language in schools 13 How does the professor make his point about native intuition? （ A） He explains how to perform an easy experiment. （ B） He tells the class about his persona
11、l experience. （ C） He provides several examples of sentences. （ D） He contrasts it with non-native intuition. 14 What are two key problems for descriptive grammar? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） The information is very complicated and subject to change. （ B） The formal language must be enforced in
12、all situations. （ C） The language can be organized correctly in more than one way. （ D） The description takes time because linguists must agree. 15 Why does the student say this: （ A） She is disagreeing with the professor. （ B） She is confirming that she has understood. （ C） She is trying to impress
13、 the other students. （ D） She is adding information to the lecture. 16 According to the professor, why were Latin rules used for English grammar? （ A） Latin was a written language with rules that did not change. （ B） The Romans had conquered England and enforced using Latin. （ C） English and Latin h
14、ad many vocabulary words in common. （ D） English was taking the place of Latin among educated Europeans. 17 Why does the professor discuss the rule to avoid ending a sentence with a preposition? （ A） It is agood example of the way that descriptive grammar is used. （ B） It shows the students how to u
15、se formal grammar in their speech. （ C） It is a way to introduce a humorous story into the lecture. （ D） It demonstrates the problem in using Latin rules for English. 17 “College Campus“ 18 What is the purpose of this conversation? （ A） The woman is encouraging the man to be more serious about his s
16、tudies. （ B） The woman is looking for alternatives to living in dormitory housing. （ C） The man is convincing the woman to join the International Student Association. （ D） The man is trying to find out why the woman didnt go to the talent show. 19 What does the man imply about the house where he is
17、living? （ A） He prefers the house to the dorm. （ B） He is living at the house to save money. （ C） He does not like doing chores at the house. （ D） He thinks that the house is very crowded. 20 How does the man feel about the International Student Association? （ A） He is sorry that only women can join
18、 the club. （ B） He enjoys meeting people with different backgrounds. （ C） He wishes that they would have more activities. （ D） He will probably join the organization. 21 What does the woman mean when she says this: （ A） She is trying to persuade the man. （ B） She is not sure that she understood. （ C
19、） She is expressing doubt about the time. （ D） She is changing her mind about going. 22 What does the woman agree to do? （ A） Join the club （ B） Eat at a restaurant （ C） Go to a meeting （ D） Study with the man 22 “Zoology Class“ 23 According to the professor, how do coral reefs grow? （ A） They becom
20、e very large by eating other species. （ B） They connect coralite shells to build structures. （ C） They fill with ocean water to expand their size. （ D） They collect debris from ocean life in their habitat. 24 Why are so many egg bundles released during mass spawning? （ A） Some of the egg bundles wil
21、l not be fertilized. （ B） Half of the egg bundles will not float. （ C） A number of the egg bundles will be eaten. （ D） Most of the egg bundles will break open. 25 According to the professor, what is budding? （ A） The division of a polyp in half to reproduce itself. （ B） The growth of limestone betwe
22、en the shells of polyps. （ C） The diversity that occurs within a coral reef. （ D） The increase in size of a polyp as it matures. 26 What is the relationship between zooxanthella and coral polyps? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） The coral and the zooxanthella compete for the same food. （ B） The zooxa
23、nthella uses the coral for a shelter from enemies. （ C） The coral eats food produced by the zooxanthella. （ D） The same predators attack both coral and zooxanthella. 27 Which of the following reefs is probably an atoll? 28 In the lecture, the professor explains coral reefs. Indicate whether each of
24、the following is a true statement about coral reefs. Click in the correct box for each phrase. 28 29 What is the discussion mainly about? （ A） Global marketing of food products （ B） International business in Europe （ C） Surprises in food preferences abroad （ D） Packaging food for exportation 30 How
25、does the professor organize the lecture? （ A） He compares domestic and foreign products. （ B） He relates the textbook to his professional experience. （ C） He refers to case studies from the textbook. （ D） He presents information from most to least important, 31 Why does the student say this: （ A） Sh
26、e is asking the professor a question about his previous point. （ B） She is offering a possible answer to the professors question. （ C） She is changing the subject of the class discussion. （ D） She is checking her comprehension of the professors opinion. 32 What technique does the professor use to en
27、courage student discussion? （ A） He gives students positive reinforcement by praising their efforts. （ B） He asks the students to talk among themselves in small groups. （ C） He assigns a different part of the textbook to each student. （ D） He calls on each student by name to contribute to the discus
28、sion. 33 What did Ted Levitt mean by “the pluralization of consumption“? （ A） More people would begin to travel. （ B） More multinational corporations would produce brands. （ C） More consumers will have the means to afford goods. （ D） More people will want the same products. 34 What does the professo
29、r say about television and movie companies? （ A） He indicates that some companies hire foreign marketing experts. （ B） He criticizes the way that they advertise their programs and films. （ C） He notes that they are one of the most widely distributed exports. （ D） He points out that they are paid to
30、display brand-name products. 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TALL BUILDINGS 1 Until the nineteenth century, most tall buildings were constructed of load-bearing masonry walls. Masonry walls had to be thick, particularly at the base, to support a buildi
31、ngs great weight. Stoneworkers built these walls by placing stone upon stone or brick upon brick, adding strength and stability by placing layers of mortar or cement between the stones. Floors and roofs had to be supported by wooden beams, but the major vertical force of buildings was supported by t
32、hick masonry walls. This imposed serious limitations on the number and size of windows. 2 In the 1850s, an alternative was emerging that would eliminate the need for exterior weight-bearing walls: a three-dimensional grid of metal beams and columns. The introduction of metal construction made it pos
33、sible to build larger interior spaces with fewer columns than before. The new construction was capable of supporting all the loads to which a building might be subjected, including the vertical forces caused by the weight of the floors and the horizontal forces caused by the wind or earthquakes. 3 T
34、he first buildings to depart from the load-bearing wall tradition were iron-framed. Wrought iron, shaped by hammering the heated metal or roiling it under extreme pressure, contains almost no carbon, and when used as floor beams, it can support a great deal of weight. An interior wrought iron skelet
35、on supported all of the hnildings weight. Exterior walls of reinforced concrete acted mainly as weatherproofing.As masonry yielded to concrete, walls that once bore weight evolved into thin curtain walls that would allow more windows. These modifications produced sturdier, lighter, and taller buildi
36、ngs that quickly became known as skyscrapers. Skyscrapers satisfied the growing need for office space, warehouses, and department stores. Buildings of eight or more stories quickly transformed the city skyline and dominated the central business districts of American cities such as New York, Chicago,
37、 and St. Louis. 4 Skyscrapers differed from previous tall structures with their use of technical innovations such as cast iron and the elevator. The development of cast iron technology, in which molten iron is poured into a mold, made modern plumbing possible. Cast iron pipes, fittings, and valves c
38、ould deliver pressurized water to the many floors of tall buildings and drain wastewater out. The invention of the mechanical elevator made it possible to construct even taller buildings. Before the elevator, office buildings were rarely more than four or five stories high. In 1857, the first passen
39、ger elevator equipped with safety brakes prevented the elevator from falling to the basement when a cable broke. The elevator made the upper floors as rentable as the first floor, liberating architecture from dependence on stairways and human muscle. 5 Not only did these innovations have important u
40、ses in the engineering of tall buildings, but they also erased the traditional architectural distinctions separating the bottom, middle, and top of a building. Architects designed towers that reached to the heavens in a continuous vertical grid. Iron construction established the principle of repetit
41、ive rhythms as a natural expression of construction, as well as the idea that buildings could be made of new materials on a vast scale. 6 Construction techniques were refined and extended over the next several decades to produce what architectural historians have called “true skyscrapers,“ buildings
42、 over twenty stories high. The invention of steel was particularly significanti as steel T-beams and I-beams replaced iron in these new structures. Steel weighs less than half as much as masonry and exceeds both masonry and iron in tension and compression strength as well as resistance to fatigue. S
43、teel rivets replaced iron bolts and were in turn replaced by electric arc welding in the 1920s. The skyscrapers steel skeleton could meet all of the structural requirements while occupying very little interior space. Exterior curtain walls could be quite thin, since their only function now was to le
44、t in light and keep the weather out. 35 Which of the following was a typical characteristic of tall buildings before the nineteenth century? （ A） Stone floors and roofs （ B） Thick walls of stone or brick （ C） A large number of tall windows （ D） An interior frame of metal 36 The word force in paragra
45、ph 1 is closest in meaning to （ A） appearance （ B） shape （ C） load （ D） movement 37 All of the following are given as benefits of iron-frame construction EXCEPT （ A） sturdy walls made of stone or brick （ B） large interior spaces with few columns （ C） a skeleton that supported heavy loads （ D） exteri
46、or walls with many windows 38 Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. （ A） Although masonry walls could bear heavie: loads, architects preferre
47、d concrete walls because they were easier to build. （ B） Walls used to be made of load-bearing masonry; now they were thin and made of concrete, so more windows were possible. （ C） Because tall buildings had such thin exterior walls, the windows needed curtain to prevent heat loss through the concre
48、te. （ D） Masonry replaced concrete as the material for outside walls, and this allowed skyscrapers to have a lot of windows. 39 According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the earliest skyscrapers? （ A） They required the labor of stoneworkers. （ B） They were eight or more
49、stories high. （ C） They had very thick exterior walls. （ D） They were constructed with steel beams. 40 Why does the author discuss the elevator in paragraph 4? （ A） To illustrate an important use of cast iron technology （ B） To compare the elevator with the office building （ C） To explain why early elevators were dangerous （ D） To show how an innovation contributed to architecture 41 The word rentable in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to （ A） strong （ B） beautiful （ C） large （ D） desirable 42 The word they in paragraph 5 refers to （ A） innovations （ B） uses （ C） buildi
