1、托福模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 0 “Professors Office“ 1 Why does the man go to see his professor? （ A） To take a makeup test for a class that he missed （ B） To explain why he has been absent from class （ C） To turn in an extra credit project to the professor （ D） To ask the professor how to bring up his grade 2 Why
2、 did Ernie get a low grade on the last test? （ A） He does not understand the material. （ B） He is not a very good student. （ C） He did not have time to finish it. （ D） He was in a hurry to leave the class. 3 What do we know about the test? （ A） There were 100 questions on it. （ B） It was worth 25 pe
3、rcent of the final grade. （ C） The test was an extra credit assignment. （ D） The questions were very difficult. 4 Why does the professor say this: （ A） Because she doesnt understand what the man wants her to do （ B） Because she has finished the discussion about the mans problem （ C） Because she want
4、s the man to be more specific about his plan （ D） Because she does not want to do what the man suggests 5 What can be inferred about the professor? （ A） She tries to be fair to all of her students. （ B） She is not very flexible about her policies. （ C） She does not have very many students. （ D） She
5、is not sure what she wants to do. 5 “Anthropology Class“ 6 Which of the following is the main topic of the lecture? （ A） A progressive view of agriculture“ （ B） The conditions for the development of agriculture （ C） A comparison of hunter-gatherers and farmers （ D） The negative effects of agricultur
6、e on early farmers 7 What are two key characteristics of hunter-gatherers mentioned in the lecture? Click on 2 answer choices. （ A） They were taller than farmers. （ B） They ate less well than farmers. （ C） They lived longer than farmers. （ D） They were less physically fit than farmers. 8 Why does th
7、e professor say this: （ A） To emphasize the point that he has just made （ B） To indicate that another point will be made （ C） To demonstrate that the point is his opinion （ D） To regain the students attention for the next point 9 How does the professor organize his lecture? （ A） He contrasts older t
8、heories of agriculture with newer ones. （ B） He makes an argument for the revisionist view of agriculture. （ C） He defines revisionism by giving examples of early farmers. （ D） He provides a chronological account of early farmers. 10 Which of the following statements best summarizes the position of
9、the revisionists? （ A） The agricultural revolution affected all human activity. （ B） The development of agriculture had a positive influence on nutrition. （ C） Agriculture contributed to the health risks for early farmers. （ D） Agricultural people had to move from place to place to plant crops. 11 I
10、n the lecture, the professor describes the relationship between health and agriculture. Indicate whether each of the following is true or false. Click in the correct box for each phrase. 11 “Business Class“ 12 What is the lecture mainly about? （ A） Commercials on television （ B） Marketing brand-name
11、 products （ C） A book by Rob Frankel （ D） Selling Aunt Rubys chicken 13 Why does the professor say this: （ A） To emphasize the importance of commercials （ B） To correct something that he said earlier （ C） To identify the time limits for most commercials （ D） To relate new information to a previous e
12、xample 14 According to the professor, why do consumers develop brand loyalty? （ A） They have a relationship with the personality that the product projects. （ B） They are able to recognize the brand easily when they see it. （ C） They tend to make decisions based on recommendations by friends. （ D） Th
13、ey find a product that they like and continue to buy it. 15 How does the professor emphasize his point about branding? （ A） He uses Aunt Rubys chicken as an example. （ B） He defines it by contrasting it with related concepts. （ C） He refers to a book that he has written. （ D） He shows a familiar com
14、mercial in class. 16 Why does the professor mention laundry detergent? （ A） To give an example of price wars （ B） To show that consumers buy different brands （ C） To name an industry that introduces new brands （ D） To explain the concept of brand loyalty 17 According to the professor, what would be
15、a good way to sell a product? （ A） Design a good logo to present the product to the public （ B） Hire a celebrity that customers like and relate to （ C） Make it easy for consumers to recognize the packaging （ D） Increase the customer service for the product 17 “Students on Campus“ 18 What is the purp
16、ose of this conversation? （ A） The man wants to borrow the womans lab notes. （ B） The woman is helping the man to write a report. （ C） The man asks the woman to study for their test with him. （ D） The woman and the man are performing an experiment. 19 What is the study about? （ A） Reaction times for
17、 drivers drinking alcohol in comparison with those of nondrinkers （ B） The effects of drinking beer as compared with those of drinking gin and tonic （ C） The time that it takes to stop a car going 35 miles per hour when the brakes are applied （ D） The problems of riding bicycles on college campuses
18、that have 35 mile-per-hour speed limits 20 According to the man, why is it important to mention that the subjects were randomly selected? （ A） The random selection explains why the results were so general. （ B） This information allows another researcher to repeat the experiment. （ C） The lab assista
19、nt included it in the example that the students received. （ D） Randomly selected subjects assure researchers of an accurate outcome. 21 Why does the woman say this: （ A） She is not sure about her observation. （ B） She is insulting the man with this comment. （ C） She is certain the man agrees with he
20、r. （ D） She is asking for the mans opinion. 22 Which section includes the conclusions? （ A） Discussion （ B） Results （ C） Chart （ D） Introduction 22 “Biology Class“ 23 What aspect of blood does the professor mainly discuss? （ A） An explanation of stem cells （ B） A process for blood transfusion （ C） A
21、 method for producing artificial blood （ D） A discussion of blood typing 24 Why does the student say this: （ A） She is apologizing for disagreeing with the professor. （ B） She is interrupting politely to ask a question. （ C） She is talking to herself during the lecture. （ D） She is changing the subj
22、ect of the professors talk. 25 Why does the professor mention fingerprints? （ A） To demonstrate that blood types are different for individuals （ B） To explain how most of the blood tests are performed （ C） To explain why O blood is considered universal （ D） To help students remember the different an
23、tigens 26 In cross matching, how does a compatible match appear under the microscope? （ A） All of the cells are at an equal distance from each other. （ B） The arrangement of the cells looks like two parallel lines. （ C） The cells tend to group together in a large clump. （ D） The red cells and the pl
24、asma separate in an irregular pattern. 27 Why does the professor mention artificial blood? （ A） She is referring to the textbook. （ B） She is answering a question. （ C） She is reporting her research. （ D） She is joking with the students. 28 What does the professor imply when she says this: （ A） She
25、is very uncertain about the risks of the research. （ B） She is somewhat interested in doing research in this area. （ C） She is withdrawing her support for future research. （ D） She agrees that research should continue in spite of problems. 28 “Orientation Session“ 29 What is this discussion mainly a
26、bout? （ A） Success in college （ B） How to read faster （ C） Academic study skills （ D） Research on college students 30 How does the professor organize the discussion? （ A） She cites research to support her arguments. （ B） She gives a demonstration of her theory. （ C） She debates the issues with her s
27、tudents. （ D） She shares strategies that she developed. 31 Why does the professor mention running? （ A） To digress from the topic with a personal story （ B） To make a comparison between reading and running （ C） To show that reading requires physical effort （ D） To clarify the times two rule 32 Why d
28、oes the professor say this: （ A） She doesnt think the point is very important. （ B） She is trying to finish the lecture on time. （ C） She thinks the idea will fit in better later on. （ D） She doesnt want the student to interrupt her. 33 The professor mentions several negative habits. Match these hab
29、its to the explanations. Click on the habit and drag it to the correct explanation. （ A） Fixating （ B） Auditory reading （ C） Regressing 34 What would the professor probably like the students to do? （ A） Spend more time studying outside of class （ B） Use their dictionaries when they are reading （ C）
30、Take one of her classes at the college （ D） Get help at the Learning Center 一、 Sections Three： Reading Comprehension 34 Energy from Natural Gas 1. Much of the world gets its energy from fossil fuel sources, including coal, oil, and natural gas, all of which were created millions of years ago.The pro
31、cess began with dead plant and animal matter that collected and over time was buried deep within the earth. There, exposed to extreme pressure and temperatures, the carbon-based material underwent various chemical and physical changes. Some of it became coal, some oil, and some natural gas, dependin
32、g on the exact conditions it was subjected to. 2. Natural gas is both invisible and odorless. During the first century of the fossil fuel era, it was disregarded as a worthless byproduct of coal and oil. However, people later discovered that it could also be a useful source of energy, and they set a
33、bout trying to realize its potential. Its use began to grow in the twentieth century and has increased rapidly within the last 40 years. Nowadays, natural gas is employed all over the world to heat homes, generate electricity, power factories, and even fuel vehicles. 3. Because it was created throug
34、h the same process as other fossil fuels, natural gas can often be retrieved from oil fields, something known as an associated source. Coal beds have similarly been known to yield natural gas. In addition, there are isolated deposits containing only gas that are referred to as non-associated sources
35、. To access a subterranean natural gas pocket, a hole is drilled down into it, just as in oil extraction. However, due to the gass lightness, it will rise to the surface on its own instead of having to be pumped out. 4. The compound we know as natural gas is actually a composite of several different
36、 substances, the primary one being methane gas. Each deposit has a unique makeup, but other common components of natural gas include propane, butane, and sulfur. Borrowing terms used in the description of oil, natural gas with a high sulfur content is called “sour“ while that with a low content is r
37、eferred to as “sweet“ Regardless of the exact composition, natural gas must be refined to remove its impurities; when ready for use, it is nearly pure methane. 5. Natural gas offers many advantages as a fuel source, the first and most important being that it is extremely clean burning. While oil and
38、 coal both have complex molecular structures, methanes is simple: one carbon atom surrounded by four atoms of hydrogen. The lack of excess particles translates into fewer waste byproducts during combustion. For example, all fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide when burned, but natural gas releases su
39、bstantially less carbon dioxide than other fuels. Given the major role of carbon dioxide in the acceleration of global warming, this is an important attribute. In addition, natural gas emits far less nitrogen and sulfur, which are key contributors to the smog that pollutes the air in metropolitan ar
40、eas, as well as acid rain. 6. The benefits of natural gas extend far beyond its cleanliness. Since it contains fewer waste particles, its energy can be acquired with much more efficiency than that of the other fossil fuels, meaning a lower overall cost for the consumer. A Another advantage is that n
41、atural gas is transported via underground pipelines instead of by ships and trucks.B Finally, natural gas is relatively plentiful and widespread.C Geologists have identified extensive stores in Canada, the United States, Russia, the Middle East, and Australia, among other locations.D With the worlds
42、 oil supplies quickly dwindling, it is becoming more important than ever to utilize alternative energy resources such as natural gas. 7. Of course, no energy resource is perfect, and there are some drawbacks to the use of natural gas. Its low density means that it requires larger tanks for storage t
43、han oil and coal do, and it is impossible to pipe it across the oceans. Some people have concerns about its safety as well, since its lack of color and smell can make detecting a leak difficult. However, when both its positive and negative characteristics are weighed, it becomes clear that natural g
44、as is perhaps the best energy resource available today. 35 According to Paragraph 1, the oil, coal, and natural gas that exist today （ A） remain mostly hidden. （ B） share similar origins. （ C） are found deep underground. （ D） can be hard to tell apart. 36 The phrase realize its potential in the pass
45、age is closest in meaning to （ A） recognize its success. （ B） exploit it. （ C） measure its capacity. （ D） manufacture it. 37 In Paragraph 2, the author explains that natural gas use （ A） was delayed due to a lack of technology. （ B） has only recently become widespread. （ C） began late in the ninetee
46、nth century. （ D） has surpassed that of the other fossil fuels. 38 What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the extraction of natural gas? （ A） It mainly occurs during the extraction of coal. （ B） There is the potential for large amounts of gas to be lost. （ C） It is a simpler process than the ex
47、traction of oil. （ D） Non-associated sources are preferred. 39 The word composite in the passage is closest in meaning to （ A） mixture. （ B） foundation. （ C） derivative. （ D） simulation. 40 According to Paragraph 4, what can be inferred about “sweet“ natural gas? （ A） It is more valuable than pure m
48、ethane gas. （ B） It contains more sulfur than “sour“ natural gas. （ C） It has high concentrations of propane and butane. （ D） It requires less refining than “sour“ natural gas. 41 Why does the author discuss carbon dioxides relationship to global warming in Paragraph 5? （ A） To illustrate methanes m
49、olecular structure. （ B） To show the link between global warming and smog. （ C） To suggest that fossil fuels should not be burned. （ D） To elaborate on a benefit of natural gass cleanliness. 42 The word this in the passage refers to （ A） oil and coal both have complex molecular structures. （ B） all fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide when burned. （ C） natural gas releases substantially less carbon dioxide than other fuels. （ D） natural gas emits far less nitrogen and sulfur. 43 The word emits in the passage is closest in meaning to （ A） displays. （ B） gives off. （ C
