1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 66及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Job First or a Satisfactory Job First? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1目前，人们的就业压力越来越大 2有人主
2、张先就业再择业，有人主张先择业再就业 3在我看来 A Job First or a Satisfactory Job First? Section A （ A） Go fishing. （ B） Entertain at home. （ C） Work at home. （ D） Have a rest. （ A） She is very tired of physics. （ B） She is too busy to work on chemistry. （ C） She hasnt got a chemistry partner yet. （ D） She prefers physics
3、 to chemistry. （ A） He gets a sore throat in the meeting. （ B） He feels hard to recover. （ C） He is uneasy about his performance. （ D） He looks down on himself. （ A） Change his mind. （ B） Go swimming with others. （ C） Finish his book report. （ D） Answer his letters. （ A） She hasnt finished the readi
4、ng. （ B） She doesnt want to please anyone. （ C） She doesnt like the book. （ D） She would not hand in the report. （ A） Insist on a discount. （ B） Pick up some colleagues. （ C） Buy some fresh apple pies. （ D） Make a call to his co-worker. （ A） The man should work harder. （ B） The man can pass the cour
5、se. （ C） The man should have a try. （ D） The man must think twice. （ A） The woman will go for a ride around the town tomorrow. （ B） The woman has lent her car to her sister for tomorrow use. （ C） The man will drive his mother around town tomorrow. （ D） The man will go shopping in the supermarket tom
6、orrow. （ A） It is reserved for someone else. （ B） It has been checked out by others. （ C） The library doesnt have this book. （ D） He is not qualified to borrow it. （ A） Because she needs notice him when the book is available. （ B） Because it is the registration requirement of the library. （ C） Becau
7、se the library provides home delivery service for him. （ D） Because it is effective to remind readers of returning books in time. （ A） It will be available next week. （ B） It will be returned within a month. （ C） It is booked at the present time. （ D） It can be reserved after a month. （ A） How to ge
8、t a high salary. （ B） How to improve working skills. （ C） How to build self-confidence. （ D） How to hunt for a job. （ A） To know your strength and express yourself. （ B） To get working experience as much as possible. （ C） To know the HR of many companies better. （ D） To do the jobs with low salaries
9、 but heavy work. （ A） They want to have jobs with high salaries and easy work. （ B） Many companies are unwilling to take time to train freshmen. （ C） There are not sufficient job offers every year. （ D） They are not good at putting theories into practice. （ A） Because he may talk too much to the HR
10、of the company. （ B） Because he may have less confidence in the interview. （ C） Because he may be lack of specialized skills. （ D） Because he may care too much about the salary. Section B （ A） The cause of the health care problem in the US. （ B） The solution to the health care problem in the US. （ C
11、） The condition of the health care problem in the US. （ D） The reform of the health care system in the US. （ A） It is too costly and not easy to access. （ B） It is not available to everyone. （ C） It can not provide decent service. （ D） Its costs is increasing all the time. （ A） They can get it freel
12、y from the local government. （ B） They can buy it like buying other goods and services. （ C） They can attend the national health-insurance program. （ D） They can obtain it from the company they work for. （ A） The present health care system has received too much criticism. （ B） The US government can
13、not decide what reforms should be taken. （ C） Peoples opinions on the reform of the health care system are diverse. （ D） The necessary budget for health care in the US is too much. （ A） Punish the child. （ B） Take the child to school. （ C） Make out the reason. （ D） Impose fine on the parents. （ A） I
14、f they are not satisfied with the educational system. （ B） If they have an approved systematic educational plan. （ C） If they are willing to take teachers as their jobs. （ D） If their children are unable to go to school independently. （ A） It has four terms with holidays. （ B） It begins in August or
15、 September. （ C） It runs with three holidays. （ D） It runs differently in different schools. （ A） Exercise only leads to modest weight loss without diet changes. （ B） Exercise can help people lose as much weight as they expect. （ C） Hoping to lose weight sometimes would be ruined due to bad habits.
16、（ D） People can lose extra weight fast in an appropriate way. （ A） They didnt get any check. （ B） They were heart disease patients. （ C） They were unwilling to join the research. （ D） They were heavy and young. （ A） The most exercised group lost the most of their weight. （ B） The non-exercise group
17、lost the least of their weight. （ C） The moderately exercised group lost the most of their weight. （ D） The three groups almost have no distinction. Section C 26 Just because youre the boss, doesnt mean you are right every time. It doesnt mean you have the best ideas. Learn to back up your ideas or
18、decisions with reason. Use【 B1】 _to explain things, not authority. By doing this your decisions might invite【 B2】 _, but you will also get an opportunity to improve. My friends boss【 B3】_by tying up with an event management company. The whole purpose of the tie-up was to promote his company but it f
19、ailed miserably. Instead of【 B4】 _his idea and carrying on as if nothing happened, he【 B5】 _to the team for not including them in the decision-making. Its OK to admit you were wrong. You will gain the【 B6】_of your team mates, and you will also gain trust. Remember the time when you worked really har
20、d but【 B7】 _. Not even a thank you. It hurts when your efforts are not【 B8】 _. So every chance you get to praise someone, do it. A simple, “That was some great work, and keep it up,“ can go a long way in making the employee feel great and【 B9】 _about himself. A compliment(称赞 )can have a positive imp
21、act on his life. When you need help, dont be arrogant(傲慢的 )or shy and stop yourself. If youre lost on the road, it is fine to【 B10】 _. Everyone needs a little help sometime. When you ask for help, you receive help. By doing so, youre letting people know youre no superhuman, youre willing to listen,
22、and you also need support at times. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 A New York Times-CBS News poll found that almost 90 percent of Americans think that homeownership is an important part of the American dream. But only 7 percent
23、 of Americans【 C1】 _ranked homeownership as their first or second definition of the American dream. Why the【 C2】 _? Owning real estate is important to some Americans, but not as importantor as【 C3】 _rewardingas were led to believe. Federal support of homeownership greatly overvalues its meaning in A
24、merican life. Through tax breaks and guarantees, the government【 C4】 _homeownership to its peak in 2004, when 69 percent of American households owned homes. Subsidies for homeownership,【 C5】 _the mortgage(抵押 )interest deduction, reached $230 billion in 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Off
25、ice. Meanwhile, only $ 60 billion in tax breaks and spending programs【 C6】 _renters. The result of this real estate spending craze? According to the Federal Reserve, American real estate lost more than $ 6 trillion in【 C7】 _, or almost 30 percent, between 2006 and 2010. One in five American homeowne
26、rs is underwater, owing more on a mortgage than what the home is【 C8】 _. Those who profit most from homeownership are definitely the largest source of political campaign【 C9】 _. Insurance companies, securities and investment firms, real estate interests, and commercial banks gave more than $ 100 mil
27、lion to federal candidates and parties in 2011, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Homeownership is more important to【 C10】 _interests than it is to most Americans, who, according to the research, care more about “a good job“ , “the pursuit of happiness“ and “freedom“. A)aided I)includ
28、ing B)attributed J)political C)benefit K)rapidly D)boosted L)special E)contributions M)surveyed F)difference N)value G)expected O)worth H)financially 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Is the Internet Making Us Forgetful? A)A touri
29、st takes a picture of the Empire State Building on his iPhone, deletes it, then takes another one from a different angle. But what happened to that first image? The delete button on our cameras, phones, and computers is a function we use often without thinking, yet it remains a fantastic concept. Mo
30、st things in the world dont just disappear. Not our thrown away plastic water bottles. Not the keys to the apartment. Not our earliest childhood memories. B)“It is possible that every memory you have ever experienced that made its way into your long-term memory is still buried somewhere in your head
31、,“ Michael S. Malone writes in his new book The Guardian of All Things: The Epic Story of Human Memory. It is both a blessing and a curse that we cannot voluntarily erase our memories. Like it or not, we are stuck with our experiences. Its just one of the many ways that human beings differ from digi
32、tal cameras. C)Yet, humans are relying more and more on digital cameras and less on our own minds. Malone tells the story of how, over time, humans have externalized(外化 )their internal memories, departing themselves from the experiences they own. The book is a history in time orderfrom the developme
33、nt of paper, libraries, cameras, to microchipsabout how we place increasing trust in technology. D)Is it a good thing for electronic devices and the Internet to store our memories for us? When we allow that to happen, who do we become? Will our brains atrophy(萎缩 )if we chose not to exercise them? Ma
34、lone, who is a Silicon Valley reporter, shows us the technological progress, but backs away from deeper philosophical questions. His love for breaking newsthe very idea of breakthroughis apparent, but he fails to address the more distressing implications. E)The biology of human memory is largely mys
35、terious. It is one of the remaining brain functions whose location neuroscientists cant place. Memory nerve cells are distributed all over the brain, hidden in its gray wrinkles like money behind couch cushions. “ What a plunge,“ opens Virginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway, as Clarissa tosses open her Fren
36、ch windows and is transported into her remembered past. “ Live in the moment“ is a directive we often hear these days in yoga class, but our ability to weave in and out of the past is what makes life interesting and also difficult for humans. F)The Neanderthal(穴居人的 )brain was powerful, but lacking a
37、 high-capacity memory, “forever trapped in the now,“ according to Malone. The stories, images, and phrases that we turn over in our minds while lying awake in bed were different for them. Neanderthals could receive the stimuli of the worldcolors, sounds, smellsbut had limited ways to organize or acc
38、ess that information. Even the term Homo sapiens(晚期智人 )reveals how our brains work differently from our ancestors. Translated from the Latin, it means knowing man. Not only do we know, but we know that we know. Our self-consciousness, that ability not only to make memories but to recall them, is wha
39、t defines us. G)Short-term memories are created by the compound of certain proteins in a cell and long-term memories are created by released magnesium(镁 ). Each memory is then inserted like handprints in concrete. This is what we know about the physical process of memory making. Why a person might r
40、emember the meal they ate before their parents announced a divorce, but not the announcement itself, remains a scientific mystery. H)The appearance of language is linked to memory, and many early languages were simply devices that aid memory. They served as a method for sharing memories, an early fo
41、rm of fact-checking that also expands the lifetime of a memory. The Library of Alexandria is an example of a populations desire to catalog a common memory and situate it safely outside their own short-lived bodies. I)The ancient Romans even had a discipline called Ars Memorativa, or the art of memor
42、y. They honored extraordinary acts of memorization, just as they honored extraordinary feats in battle, and Cicero excelled at this. Memorization was an art that could be polished using patterns, imaginary structures and landscapes. Without training, the human brain can hold only about seven items i
43、n short-term memory. J)The invention of computer memory changes everything. We now have “Moores Law“ , the notion that memory chips will double in performance every 18 months. Memory plug base continues to decrease in size while our memories accumulate daily. Because of growing access to the Interne
44、t, Malone argues that individualized memory matters less and less. Schoolchildren today take open-book tests or with a calculator. “What matters now is not ones ownership of knowledge, but ones skill at accessing it and analyzing it,“ he writes. However, something is lost. We have unlimited access t
45、o a wealth of information, yet little of it belongs to us. K)Human beings have a notion of self, a subjective world particular to us, thanks to our highly complicated and individualized brains that Malone compares to “the roots and branches of a tree“. We own our own hardware, and we all remember di
46、fferently. The Internet offers us access to information, but it is really a part of the external world of colors and sounds that even Neanderthals could receive. A world in which all our memories are stored on electronic devices and all our answers can be found by Googling is a world closer to the N
47、eanderthals than to a high-tech, idealized future. I dont remember when I first learned the word deja vu but I do remember the shirt I wore on the first day of 9th grade. Memory is a tool, but it can also teach us about what we think is important. Human memory is a way for us to learn about ourselve
48、s. 47 Compared with Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, human beings have the particular feature of being able to make memories and recall them. 48 Malone writes in his book that humans increasingly rely more on technology than their minds. 49 The ancient Romans had a discipline called the art of memory
49、and they honored remarkable acts of memorization. 50 Malone argues that ones skill at accessing and analyzing knowledge is more important than ones ownership of knowledge. 51 Malone fails to discuss in his book the deeper philosophical implications of the technology progress. 52 If we rely on electronic devices and Internet searching too much, we probably have a world more similar to Neanderthals rather than closer to a high-tech, ideali
