1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 56及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of independent thinking. You should write at least 120 words b
2、ut no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） The woman doesnt like New Years Eve. （ B） The woman will spend New Years Eve with the man. （ C） The woman will spend New Years Eve in Hong Kong. （ D） The woman has not been invited to the New Year party. （ A） Hed like to have the same stereo CD system. （ B）
3、The stereo CD system is very expensive. （ C） Steve knows a lot about the stereo CD system. （ D） The stereo CD system is not easy to operate. （ A） A driver. （ B） A detective. （ C） A policeman. （ D） A technician. （ A） Shorter working hours. （ B） A promotion. （ C） A change of his job. （ D） A better pay
4、. （ A） Study plans. （ B） Summer vacation plans. （ C） Ways of earning money. （ D） A dance course. （ A） $100. （ B） 50 （ C） $150. （ D） 200 （ A） Testing a new but safer method. （ B） Strictly obeying the established rules. （ C） Trying something new from the book. （ D） Learning a new method through practi
5、ce. （ A） Take care of Ben. （ B） Be back in an hour. （ C） Have a meeting. （ D） Go to the office. （ A） She shows jealousy about the beauty. （ B） She shows satisfaction to the picture. （ C） Make-up can turn the ugly to be the beauty. （ D） She appreciates a lot about the skin of the beauty. （ A） They wi
6、ll eat more cucumbers. （ B） They tend to put lots of make-up on face. （ C） They tend to try natural vegetable on the skin. （ D） They will have some cosmetic surgery on the face. （ A） It can be used to cure the scar. （ B） It is rich in water and Vitamin A. （ C） It can reduce the wrinkles of the face.
7、 （ D） It is effective in tightening the skin. （ A） Go to the beauty salon. （ B） Try some herbal plants. （ C） Have a cosmetic surgery. （ D） Put cucumber on his face. （ A） To preserve it longer. （ B） To give it a particular taste. （ C） To make it smoother. （ D） To increase the nutrition. （ A） Its heal
8、thy food. （ B） Its flavor is special. （ C） It goes well with fish. （ D） A high grade of fish is used in its preparation. （ A） In a few weeks. （ B） In two or three months. （ C） In about two years. （ D） In ten years. Section B （ A） Sense of sight. （ B） Sense of hearing. （ C） Sense of smell. （ D） Sense
9、 of taste. （ A） Six times. （ B） Five times. （ C） Three times. （ D） Two times. （ A） Through a wide variety of high-frequency sounds. （ B） Through a wide variety of low-frequency sounds. （ C） Through their varied swimming gestures. （ D） Through the echolocation. （ A） New York University. （ B） The Univ
10、ersity of Southern California. （ C） The University of San Francisco State University. （ D） Jones Wales University. （ A） It had the most foreign students. （ B） Its students outnumbered those in other states. （ C） Most of its foreign students were the Japanese. （ D） It offered more financial aids. （ A
11、） Engineering and industrial design. （ B） Business and management. （ C） Mathematics and computer science. （ D） Medicines and chemistry. （ A） The history of Industrial Revolution. （ B） The history of Middle Ages. （ C） The development of technology. （ D） The development of advertising. （ A） By door to
12、 door advertising. （ B） By using symbols. （ C） By verbal announcements. （ D） By written messages. （ A） The British. （ B） The Americans. （ C） The Romans. （ D） The Russians. （ A） During the Industrial Revolution. （ B） In the Middle Ages. （ C） After the Second World War. （ D） After the invention of tel
13、evisions. Section C 26 A new study says many young people in the United States take substances that are claimed to make people【 B1】 _sports better. The study says that about one million Americans between the ages of 12 and 17 have used these sports supplements. Those who【 B2】 _what sports supplement
14、s they used identified creatine(肌酸 ) as the most【 B3】 _. The body produces creatine【 B4】 _. Some famous American【 B5】 _use products with creatine to increase the【 B6】 _of their muscles. In the United States, the substance is sold【 B7】 _in candy and other foods. However, creatine has also been linked
15、 to health problems. One doctor said that the substance causes【 B8】 _pain. He said it also has been linked to muscle injury and kidney problems. A trade group for supplement makers said it believes that creatine is safe, when it is taken by someone responsible. The trade group says there is a large
16、amount of evidence that shows creatine is helpful for healthy people. Seventy percent of the young people questioned in the study could not identify any harmful effects that might【 B9】 _using sports supplements. Yet 96 percent of them believed that people who use the supplements face the possibility
17、 of some health damage. The researchers urged American parents and teachers to【 B10】 _children about the issue. They also urged the government to take action to limit the marketing and sales of supplements to young people. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【
18、B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 When you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so, it is all too easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans. But as we【 C1】 _, so do all the things associated with us,【 C2】 _our livestock(家畜 ). At present, there are about
19、 1.5 billion cattle and domestic buffalo and about 1.7 billion sheep and goats. With pigs and poultry, they form a【 C3】 _part of our enormous biological footprint upon this planet. Just how enormous was not really apparent until the【 C4】 _of a new report, called “Livestocks Long Shadow,“ by the Food
20、 and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Consider these numbers. Global livestock grazing(放牧 )and feed production use “30 percent of the land surface of the planet.“ Livestock which consume more food than they【 C5】 _ also compete directly with humans for water. And the drive to expand gr
21、azing land destroys more biologically sensitive terrain, rain forests【 C6】_, than anything else. But what is even more striking, and alarming, is that livestock are【 C7】 _for about 18 percent of the global warming effect, more than transportations【 C8】 _. The culprits(罪魁祸首 )are methane the natural r
22、esult of bovine digestion and the nitrogen emitted by manure. Deforestation of grazing land adds to the effect. There are no easy trade-offs when it comes to global warming such as cutting back on cattle to make room for cars. The human【 C9】 _for meat is certainly not about to end anytime soon. As “
23、Livestocks Long Shadow“ makes clear, our health and the health of the planet depend on pushing livestock production in more【 C10】_directions. A)publication I)concerning B)waste J)available C)contribution K)liable D)certainly L)sustainable E)yield K)responsible F)multiply N)including G)critical O)esp
24、ecially H)passion 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 The Role of Parents in Promoting Language Development A)From infancy to early childhood, one undeniable change takes place children learn to talk. In cultures around the world, y
25、oung childrens rapid language development represents a language explosion, with words and sentences bursting forth. By age 6, the average child has a vocabulary of over 10,000 words because during these early years children learn words at the rapid rate of 10 to 20 new words per day through a proces
26、s called fast mapping. Furthermore, even though different languages have different subject, verb, and object placement, young childrens word placement matches the grammatical structure of their native language from the time they first string two words together. B)Moreover, young children demonstrate
27、 an understanding of verb tense in their language. An example of preschoolers knowledge of verb tense is demonstrated in the following. The young child who says “I played with Sally today“ comprehends that ed is added to a verb to represent past tense. When that same child says “Sally and I goed to
28、the park“, the child is still demonstrating a basic understanding of past tense. In the second example, the child uses over regularisation, whereby a standard rule of past tense is applied to the English language, which has many exceptions to the standard rules. C)The remarkable advances in language
29、 development during the preschool years are further exemplified in young childrens social speech. Preschool children are extraordinarily good at producing social adaptive behaviour in their verbal communication. For example, 4-year-old children speak differently to 2 olds when they see themselves in
30、 a teaching role and when they are attempting to engage a younger child in informal play. Additionally, young childrens speech reflects the social skills of turn taking and topic maintenance. D)There is no question that the preschool stage of development is an impressive time of language development
31、. The extraordinary growth of vocabulary that occurs during the preschool years is matched by an impressive understanding of basic grammar and socially adaptive language. There are, nevertheless, variations in language development and these variations can be traced to parent-child interactions. Firs
32、t of all, preschoolers need to hear new words in order to learn them. It is, hence, beneficial for young children when their parents continually engage them in verbal dialogues and respond to their questions and other verbal comments. Young childrens language development(especially vocabulary expans
33、ion)is further promoted when adults label new things for them. E)Finally, whereas the language development that occurs during the preschool stage is impressive, young childrens pronunciation takes a little longer to perfect. It is important that parents do not attempt to correct their young children
34、s pronunciation because that approach actually hampers(妨碍 )their preschoolers language development. Instead of calling attention to their youngsters mispronunciation, parents should respond to their preschoolers speech as if they had pronounced the words correctly. In their responses to their young
35、childrens mispronunciations, however, it is important for parents to repeat back the words correctly, thereby modeling the correct pronunciation. How Young Children Understand Speech F)Even though young childrens speech reflects their social understanding of turn taking, topic maintenance, and socia
36、l adaptation, they are somewhat limited in comprehending the speech of others. First, the preoperational thought of young children prevents them from understanding the concept of reversibility(可 逆性 ), which shows up in their failure to accurately comprehend reverse-order sentences. An example of thi
37、s misunderstanding can be detected in the statement whereby the parent says to the child, “You can have a cookie after you wash your hands.“ Because young children understand the sequence of action in the order that it is presented, the child believes the parent is actually saying, “You can have a c
38、ookie, then you should wash your hands.“ Not only does the child think that cookie eating comes before hand washing in this instance, the child is less likely to have paid attention to the second half of the sentence. The failure to attend to the second stated action in the sentence is due to presch
39、oolers egocentric(自我为中心的 )tendency to focus on one thing at a time. G)Still another limitation of childrens linguistic understanding stems from their inability to comprehend metaphors that one word or phrase can mean different things when used in different contexts. Their inability to grasp metaphor
40、s means that young children are quite literal in their understanding and use of speech. As a case in point, if a father tells a preschool child on the phone that he will be home in a little while but that he is “tied up right now,“ the child believes the father is literally tied up. The concerned ch
41、ild might turn to the mother and ask, “How is Daddy going to get untied.“ H)The childs lack of understanding that words might mean different things in different contexts means their language understanding is very context bound. An illustration of this language limitation is apparent in the situation
42、 where a parent has taken the child into the deep end of the swimming pool and the child learns from that experience that deep means over ones head. When that same parent says to the young child the following week that it is okay to step in puddles(水坑 )after a rain while wearing rain boots, but not
43、to step into deep puddles, the child will feel free to step into any puddle that is not over the childs head. Still another restriction of young children is their lack of ability to understand complex, multiaction sentences. For instance, a young child would have trouble making sense of the followin
44、g request: “Tommy, pick up your toys, go wash your hands, and put on your jacket.“ The parent who uses a sentence such as that expects the child to attend to several different requests, which is very difficult for the egocentric young child. What This Means for Professionals I)First, parents should
45、be certain that they speak clearly, and face-to-face, with their young children so that their children have the opportunity to watch the formation of their words and clearly hear how sentences are formed and words are pronounced. Second, it is better to use short, concrete sentences, state one reque
46、st or idea at a time, and give the child an opportunity to think about and process each request separately. Third, it is important for parents not to use metaphors when talking to their preschool children, who rely on literal comprehension. Fourth, parents need to understand that even though a child
47、 has learned the meaning of a word, the child might not understand the usage of that word in a different context. Therefore, parents should be very patient with their young children and not assume that they are misbehaving when they have not followed through with instructions. It is possible that th
48、e child has not clearly understood the meaning of words used in a context that does not match the one in which the words were learned. Finally, some parents need to be reminded of the importance of slowing down their pace when speaking to their young children, thus providing sufficient pauses to enc
49、ourage parent-preschooler dialogue. 47 Parents correcting their young childrens pronunciation is not good for their preschoolers language development. 48 The example of preschool children speaking differently when playing different roles shows that they are expert in behaving adaptively in their verbal communication. 49 Parents need to be very patient when their preschoolers havent carried out their instructions. 50 The rapid growth of pre
