1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 116及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours wants to buy a book, which book would you like to r
2、ecommend to him/her and why? Section A （ A） The man is very busy. （ B） The woman feels sorry. （ C） The woman has troubled the man. （ D） Prof. Kennedy has sleeping problems. （ A） The woman has finished her essay. （ B） The woman cant sleep well. （ C） The man is very lazy. （ D） The man is good at essay
3、s. （ A） Taking his brother there. （ B） Getting up earlier. （ C） Driving the car. （ D） Taking another transport. （ A） Talk to the manager herself. （ B） Change something on the coat. （ C） Give the man another coat. （ D） Buy a new coat for the man. （ A） Ask Mr. Robinson to cancel the appointment. （ B）
4、Explain the reason for the appointment. （ C） Contact Mr. Robinson for calling off the appointment. （ D） Call Mr. Robinson for another appointment. （ A） The woman was angry with the man. （ B） The man didnt join Susans party. （ C） The man took an exam yesterday evening. （ D） The woman held a party las
5、t night. （ A） Very hot. （ B） Very cool. （ C） Very cold. （ D） Very mild. （ A） Use the camera tomorrow. （ B） Mend the camera tomorrow. （ C） Buy a new camera today. （ D） Fix the camera today. （ A） His roommates dialects are difficult to understand. （ B） His roommates come back to the dormitory at midni
6、ght. （ C） He quarreled with his roommates last night. （ D） He cant fall asleep due to his roommates chatting. （ A） There will usually be a cold war after a quarrel. （ B） There should be clear duty divisions between roommates. （ C） Roommates should be careful with complaints. （ D） Roommates should re
7、mind each other about their duties. （ A） Ignoring the problem to avoid causing anything unpleasant. （ B） Trying to find a roommate who is considerate and careful. （ C） Being tolerant and understanding each others shortcomings. （ D） Having a quarrel with your roommate with offensive words. （ A） A sum
8、mer holiday shes been longing for. （ B） A research project that might interest her. （ C） A job she will take after graduation. （ D） A graduation speech shes going to deliver. （ A） They are being well protected by humans. （ B） They are offered more food by tourists. （ C） They are physically adapted t
9、o the harsh winter. （ D） They are enabled by the paths to find more food. （ A） They may attack human beings in the farm. （ B） They caused abortion of farm animals. （ C） They destroy the farm crops. （ D） They have valuable furs and meat. （ A） Because she is well-informed with red foxes. （ B） Because
10、she once visited the red fox national park. （ C） Because she majors in animal disease prevention. （ D） Because shes been conducting relevant researches. Section B （ A） Running is a sport easy to do. （ B） People can wear good shoes. （ C） Much equipment is needed. （ D） Business for sports is developin
11、g now. （ A） It prevents them from becoming overweight. （ B） It removes worries and unhappiness. （ C） It protects them from illnesses. （ D） It can help cure mental disease. （ A） To please his father who was sick. （ B） To make money for his father. （ C） To help the American Liver Foundation. （ D） To s
12、tay free of liver disease. （ A） To run as fast as they can. （ B） To take a long running race. （ C） To keep running without stopping. （ D） To make sure they are healthy enough to run. （ A） They are more independent than before. （ B） They have to get married late. （ C） They like to live with their par
13、ents. （ D） They move out before getting married. （ A） It is set by friends and family members. （ B） It is only for blind people. （ C） People dont know each other. （ D） People will not meet again. （ A） They want to broaden their business. （ B） They are places for most people to date. （ C） They try to
14、 do something for single people. （ D） They hold some activities to sell more books. （ A） Drinking too much soft drink is harmful. （ B） Children should not drink sodas. （ C） Mothers are to blame for soft drink problems. （ D） Children should be friendly at school. （ A） Soft drinks cause childrens aggr
15、essive behaviors. （ B） Soft drinks have too much sugar. （ C） Sodas are the worst soft drinks. （ D） Children should have other soft drinks but sodas. （ A） Destroy their own possessions. （ B） Fight with other students. （ C） Stay away from others. （ D） Attack other people verbally. Section C 26 Accompl
16、ished teachers of world languages are keenly aware that young people learn in various ways. They use their knowledge of child in【 B1】 _and providing appropriate instruction to their students. They recognize and make professional accommodations for【 B2】 _in students age levels, cognitive, physical, a
17、nd motor development, gender, multiple intelligences, and learning styles. Attitude also【 B3】_in students success. Students with low self-esteem or little confidence about their ability to learn another language might benefit from extra encouragement from the teacher. Of course, all students can ben
18、efit from positive teacher feedback. Teachers might have students【 B4】 _so that they can also benefit from the help and positive reinforcement of their peers. Students who are【 B5】 _ and confident might work well independently, using computer software. Those who teach young children know the importa
19、nce of working at【 B6】 _levels; students might learn to tell time as they manipulate individual student clocks, or learn childrens songs while using hand and body【 B7】 _ . As mature students, teachers need to provide more abstract and analytical challenges. Teachers should be aware that personalizin
20、g the language experience is helpful to students because many students will talk【 B8】 _about themselves and their experiences. Teachers recognize that providing learning experiences in the affective field by encouraging open-ended personal expression is a valuable way of【 B9】 _students cognitive abi
21、lity, cultural understanding, and linguistic【 B10】_. Teachers provide a range of meaningful, interesting, and personally relevant instruction for students at all levels of development or ability. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36
22、In fact, even without humans, the Earths climate changes. Some climate change is【 C1】 _. But, as greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere, human influence “emerges“ from natural variability. Droughts, one of the most intensely studied climate events, are a perfect example of a(n)【 C2】 _with both
23、 natural and human influences. Separating the【 C3】_strengths of the influences is a challenge for scientists.However, with the large social and economic costs of droughts, it is a challenge the scientists must【 C4】 _. In a very recent study published in the Journal of Climate, authors Richard Seager
24、 and Martin Hoerling cleverly used climate models forced by sea surface temperatures to【 C5】 _how much of the past centurys North American droughts have been caused by ocean temperatures, natural variability and human influences. Droughts can be caused by a (n)【 C6】 _of separate or interactional phe
25、nomena. At its root, drought results from the low【 C7】 _of water falling and sometimes higher temperatures (which increase evaporation rates). The beginning of drought can often be linked to variations in ocean temperatures. It is also found that the oceans can affect the atmosphere to create condit
26、ions that are【 C8】 _responsible for drought. Whats more, temperature increases【 C9】_with human-driven global warming also play a role. This【 C10】 _agrees with other researchers who have shown that, while human-emitted greenhouse gas warming may not cause a particular drought, it can make drought com
27、e on earlier, faster, and harder than it otherwise would. A)associated I)quality B)attached J)quantity C)conclusion K)relative D)conduct L)ridiculous E)distinguish M)simply F)effect N)undertake G)natural O)variety H)partly 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【
28、C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Social Aging: A Billion Shades of Grey A)Warren Buffett is a symbol of American capitalism. At 83, he also stands for a noticeable population trend: for highly skilled people to go on working well into what was once thought to be old age.Across the rich world, well-educate
29、d people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62 - 74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. In the European Union the pattern is similar. B)This gap is part of a deepening divide between
30、 the well-educated rich and the unskilled poor that is common through all age groups. Rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. Those at the top are working longer hours each year than those at the bottom. And the well-qualified are extendi
31、ng their working lives, compared with those of lesseducated people. The consequences, for individuals and society, are significant. C)The world is on the peak of an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population
32、of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater duration of life translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth an
33、d even the lack of development in the long run, while the increasing ranks of pensioners (领养老金者 )will make the government short of money. D)But the notice of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employm
34、ent rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (婴儿潮时期出生的人 )are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. E)Policy is pa
35、rtly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. The long life span is expected. The generous pension plans are replaced by mean ones. So, even people in a better economic condition must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. B
36、ut the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has been raised sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated old men are more productive than their predecessors (前任 ).Technological change may well reinforce tha
37、t shift: the skills, from management expert knowledge to creativity, which cannot be taken place by computers, do not necessarily disappear with age. F)This trend will benefit not just fortunate old people but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Growth will slow less sharply than expected; gover
38、nment money will be in better shape, as high earners pay taxes for longer.Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of aging easier to bear than places like China, where half of all 50-to-64-year-olds did not complete primary-school education. G)At the other end of
39、the social scale, however, things do not look optimistic. Manual work gets harder as people get older, and public pensions look more attractive to those on low wages and the unemployed. The popular figures which most of the public hate will possibly be those old men collecting taxpayers charity whil
40、e their hard-working contemporaries struggle for life. H)Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial. Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings, which will weaken demand. The gap will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inherit
41、ance. The division between winners and losers is still strengthened further. One likely response is to impose higher inheritance taxes. As long as they replaced less-fair taxes, that might make sense. They would probably encourage old people to spend their cash rather than save it. But governments s
42、hould focus not on distributing income again and again but on generating more of it by reforming retirement and education. I)Age should no longer determine the appropriate end of a working life. Required retirement ages and pension rules that discourage people from working longer should go. Welfare
43、should reflect the greater opportunities open to the higher-skilled.Pensions should become more progressive (i. e.less generous to the rich). At the same time, this trend favors the importance of increasing public investment in education at all stages of life, so that more people acquire the skills
44、they need to thrive in the modern labor market. Today, many governments are unwilling to spend money training older folk who are likely to retire soon. But if people can work for longer, that investment makes much more sense. Lazy 60-year-olds are unlikely to become computer scientists, but they cou
45、ld learn useful professional skills, such as caring for the growing number of very old people. J)How likely are governments to make these changes? Look around the rich world today, and it is hard to be optimistic. Germany, despite being the fastest-aging country in Europe, plans to cut the legal ret
46、irement age for some people. In America, Social Security (the public pension scheme)is still not reformed. Politicians need to convince less-skilled older man that it is in their interests to go on working. If the problem is not solved properly, it will have a worse effect on the economic developmen
47、t. 47 Higher inheritance taxes may be collected to discourage wealthy old people to save their cash. 48 Younger unskilled people are facing a bad prospect of employment, while older skilled people are postponing retirement. 49 As manual workers grow older, the future seems pessimistic, because they
48、have to live on public pensions. 50 Rapid innovation has deepened the income gap between the highly skilled rich and the unskilled poor. 51 It is important to invest more in the cultivation of useful professional skills at all phases of life. 52 In the rich world, the number of old well-educated peo
49、ple in the workforce is much larger than that of the old less-skilled. 53 Governments should increase the income by means of retirement and education reformation to narrow the wealth gap. 54 Government policies, the changing nature of work and technological innovation inspire and enable old skilled people to work longer instead of early retirement. 55 More years in retirement of an increasing number of old people will get in the way of economic growth. 56 M
