1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 762及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: College Students Supporting Countryside. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese. 1. 现今国家号召大学生支农 2. 大学生支农存在问题 3. 你怎样看待这些问题 二、 Pa
2、rt II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
3、 N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Chimp (黑猩猩 ) Show Hallmark of Human Culture, Study Finds Researchers have discovered that chimpanzees not only teach each other new and useful behaviors
4、, but conform to their groups preferred techniques for performing them-a hallmark of human culture. Observers have previously reported that wild chimps demonstrate more than three dozen different behaviors that have no apparent ecological or genetic origin. This diversity suggests that there are dis
5、tinct ape cultures. The notion assumes that chimps transmit culture-teaching and learning behaviors generation after generation. But the theory is very difficult to test and prove in a controlled experiment outside of a laboratory. So researchers at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and Emor
6、y University in Atlanta devised an experiment to test the proposition. The results were published online August 21 in the science journal Nature. Learning and Teaching The scientists constructed a box in which a desirable food was hidden behind a trap. Captive chimps could release the food by using
7、a stick to move the trap in either of two ways. Researchers dubbed these the “poke“ and “lift“ methods. Scientists then isolated a high-ranking female of one group from her companions and taught her the poke method to release food. A female of high rank from a second group was taught the lift method
8、. None of the other members of the groups were allowed to watch the training. Finally, researchers used a third group as a control, presenting them with the box and sticks, but teaching them nothing about how to use them. Scientists then let the chimp groups watch their matriarch (女家长 ) use the tech
9、nique she had learned. To get the food, each dominant female consistently used the method she had been taught. The other chimps watched, often intensely, for over 36 hours spread over ten days. During this period, 15 chimps in the two study groups successfully used one method or the other to get foo
10、d, and they picked up the behavior quickly. Median times for learning the techniques in both groups were under a minute. In the meantime, the six chimps in the control group were stymied. In more than four hours of manipulating the sticks, they were unable to extract a single piece of food. Some chi
11、mps in the “lift“ group discovered the poke method, and some in the “poke“ culture discovered lifting. But they were a small minority. When the apparatus was reintroduced two months later, the chimps reverted to their own cultures preferred method. This, the researchers maintain, provides evidence o
12、f a “conformist bias“. The animals discount their own experience and instead adopt the behavior of the group, just as humans do. “This is a very nice experimental setup,“ said Diana Reiss, a research scientist with the Bronx, New York-based Wildlife Conservation Society, who was not involved in the
13、study. “It was controlled for biases, and included a control group where there was no trained expert. The setup eliminated the problem of learning by interacting with humans.“ The researchers believe they have demonstrated for the first time an ability among chimpanzees to transmit alternative techn
14、ologies and alternative methods of using tools. Monkey See, Monkey Do “When all these different wild chimp behaviors were discovered in the field, there was controversy.“ said Frans de Waal, a professor of primate behavior at Emory University and study co-author. “Some scientists claimed it was soci
15、al learning. Others claimed there were other possible explanations-individual learning, genetic differences, ecological variables, and so on.“ “We did the experiment to prove that you could plant a behavior by training one chimp and see it spread to other chimps by observation.“ Giving the chimps tw
16、o alternative methods of accomplishing the same task, the researchers say, shows that chimps are capable of adopting local variants ( 变形 ) of a technique, just as they would if the variant behaviors seen in the wild are in fact socially transmitted. Not all experts agree with this conclusion. Rob Bo
17、yd, a professor of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said, “I have argued that any time true imitation evolves, so will a tendency to copy the majority. So I would very much like it to be true that the data supported this prediction.“ But Boyd believes the study data fail to
18、 offer the necessary proof. He notes that while a few chimps dropped their groups rarer behavioral variant (using a stick to poke or lift a trap to release food), the study “does not show that they switched to the common variant, which is what I believe is necessary.“ Personifying Animals Groups of
19、chimps at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station at Emery University, where the research was carried out, have developed cultural differences on their own, without the intervention of human teachers. One community, for example, practices hand-clasp grooming (梳理毛发 ), in which two c
20、himps each grasp one of the others hands over their heads, grooming with the free hand. Other groups do not engage in this behavior. Research with animal behavior, and perhaps especially with the great apes, risks wrongly attributing human characteristics to animals. But the researchers in this expe
21、riment say they have been careful to avoid that trap. “We aim to avoid naive anthropomorphism,“ said the lead author on the paper, Andrew Whiten of the University of St. Andrews, “by developing a rigorous experimental design that can unambiguously answer the question we pose.“ He adds that the resul
22、ts were scored objectively from videotapes viewed by other scientists to avoid bias. Whitten and his colleagues plan to do similar experiments with human children as subjects. “If we see similar responses in the two species.“ whiten said, “then a concern of interpretive anthropomorphism becomes rath
23、er contrived.“ 2 Some researchers have discovered that chimpanzees have a hallmark of human culture. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The diversity of wild chimps behaviors suggests that there are distinct ape cultures. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The notion that chimps transmit culture is easy to test and prove
24、 in a controlled experiment outside of a laboratory. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The researchers believe they have demonstrated for the first time an ability among chimpanzees to transmit alternative technologies and alternative methods of using tools. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The researchers maintain th
25、at chimps are the cleverest animal. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 All experts agree with the conclusion of this experiment which is to test the proposition. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Boyd believes the study data fail to offer the necessary proof. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The research was carried out at the Y
26、erkes National Primate Research Center Field Station at _ 10 Research with animal behavior risks wrongly attributing _. 11 Whitten and his colleagues plan to do similar experiments with _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end
27、 of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A
28、） Laurie failed to go to attend the party. （ B） The woman gave a successful party yesterday. （ C） Peter regretted inviting the woman to the party. （ D） The man reminded the woman about the party. （ A） At two oclock. （ B） At four oclock. （ C） At six oclock. （ D） At eight oclock. （ A） It is too dark.
29、（ B） Its strange to wear in the office. （ C） The jacket and the pants dont match. （ D） The suit is really light for cold weather. （ A） Go to the movie. （ B） Work with his Italian boss. （ C） Hold an important meeting. （ D） Have a dinner with a customer. （ A） People are too noisy. （ B） The show is ver
30、y boring. （ C） The room is too small for the audience. （ D） The play is difficult for him to understand. （ A） Feeling better now. （ B） Staying in a hospital. （ C） Talking about the mans mother. （ D） Doing an operation on a patient （ A） The woman went to many different stores. （ B） Both the speakers
31、shopped all over the town. （ C） The books the woman bought were expensive. （ D） The woman asked the man to wait for him longer. （ A） He wrapped the gift. （ B） He paid by check. （ C） He left without paying. （ D） He bought something by credit card. （ A） It costs much more than its worth. （ B） It shoul
32、d be brought uptodate. （ C） It calls for immediate repairs. （ D） It can still be used for a long time. （ A） The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency. （ B） A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory. （ C） The entire staff should be retrained. （ D） Bettereducated employe
33、es should be promoted. （ A） Their competitors have long been advertising on TV. （ B） TV commercials are less expensive. （ C） Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient. （ D） TV commercials attract more investments. （ A） A study that their chemistry professor did. （ B） A class that the woman i
34、s taking. （ C） A chemistry assignment. （ D） A job possibility. （ A） She wants to earn extra money. （ B） She wants to get practical experience. （ C） She wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab. （ D） Shes interested in becoming a psychology major. （ A） Help them with their studies. （ B） Employ them
35、 as lab assistants. （ C） Teach classes at their high school. （ D） Pay them for participating in the study. （ A） Write their lab reports. （ B） Finish their chemistry experiment. （ C） Find out Professor Smiths schedule. （ D） Interview some high school students. Section B Directions: In this section, y
36、ou will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Why certain people are poor readers. （ B）
37、That there are differences in peoples abilities. （ C） Why some people are good basketball players. （ D） That good basketball players can be good readers. （ A） Work long and hard. （ B） Take different forms of tests. （ C） Try different reading materials. （ D） Have special help and practice. （ A） Good
38、readers seem to enjoy reading. （ B） Almost all poor readers can make progress. （ C） Causes of poor reading are difficult to find out. （ D） Tests help people improve their reading ability. Passage Two （ A） Because economics is as irregular as weather. （ B） Because economics is as important as weather
39、 to our daily life. （ C） Because economics condition can be judged according to weather. （ D） Because it is not easy to predict the future condition of economics. （ A） They use unemployment rates to judge the decline measured by the index. （ B） They use the interest rates to confirm the growth of ec
40、onomy. （ C） They use percentage to represent the changes weighed by the index. （ D） They use stocks as the measurement of development in market. （ A） Unemployment rates. （ B） Manufacturing rates, （ C） Interest rates, （ D） Peoples expectations of the economy. （ A） He was well-known on the West Coast.
41、 （ B） He made many political achievements. （ C） He supported financial aid to farmers. （ D） He was a popular war hero. （ A） He had various political experiences. （ B） He preferred civilian clothes to uniform. （ C） He was tall and handsome. （ D） He was gentle and careful. （ A） He lost the support of
42、farmers. （ B） He was opposed by the Whig Party. （ C） He was in power for only a short period. （ D） He came into conflict with parliament members. （ A） In 1848. （ B） In 1849. （ C） In 1850. （ D） In 1851. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is re
43、ad for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing inf
44、ormation. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Most historians say that the beginning of the modem civil rights 【 B1】 _ in the United States was December 1,1955. That was the day when an 【 B2】 _ seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama 【 B3】 _ to giv
45、e up her bus seat to a white passenger. This brave woman Rosa parks, was 【 B4】 _ and fined for violating a city law. However, her 【 B5】 _ of defiance began a movement that ended the laws that racially segregated America. Because of this, she also became an inspiration to freedom-loving people everyw
46、here. Rosa Parks was born on February 4,1913 in Tuskegee, Alabame. Her parents, James McCauley, a 【 B6】 _ , and Leona McCauley, a teacher, named her Rosa Louise McCauley. When she was two, she 【 B7】 _ to her grandparents farm in Alabama with her mother and younger 【 B8】 _ , Sylvester. At the age of
47、11, she became a student at the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, a private school. 【 B9】 _ . This was consistent with Rosas mothers advice to “take advantage of the opportunities, no matter how few they were.“ And the opportunities were few indeed. Mrs. Parks said in an interview: Back then,
48、we didnt have any civil rights. It was just a matter of survival, of existing from one day to the next. In the same interview, she expained that she felt fearless, 【 B10】 _ . This fearlessness gave her the courage to fight her conviction during the bus boycott. “I didnt have any special fear, “ 【 B1
49、1】 _ .“ 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a
