1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 456及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Food Contamination. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 最近常有食品安全问题出现 2. 食品安全 问题危害很大 3. 你认为应该如何解决该问题 Food Contamination 二、 Part II Read
2、ing Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO
3、) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 When, If Ever, Can Museums Sell Their Works? The director of the art-rich yet cash-poor National Academy Museum in New York expected strong opposition when its bo
4、ard decided to sell two Hudson River School paintings for around 15 million. The director, Carmine Branagan, had already approached leaders of two groups to which the academy belonged about the prospect. She knew that both the American Association of Museums (AAM) and Association of Art Museum Direc
5、tors (AAMD) had firm policies against museums selling off artworks because of financial hardship and were not going to make an exception. Even so, she said, she was not prepared for the directors groups immediate response to the sale. In an e-mail message on Dec. 5 to its 190 members, it condemned t
6、he academy, founded in 1825, for “breaching one of the most basic and important AAMDs principles“ and called on members “to suspend any loans of works of art to and any collaboration on exhibitions with the National Academy.“ Branagan, who had by that time withdrawn her membership from both groups,
7、said she “was shocked by the tone of the letter, like we had committed some crimes.“ She called the withdrawal of loans “a death knell (丧钟声 )“ for the museum, adding, “What the AAMD have done is basically shoot us while were wounded.“ Beyond shaping the fate of any one museum, this exchange has spar
8、ked larger questions over a principle that has long seemed sacred. Why, several experts ask, is it so wrong for a museum to sell art from its collection to raise badly-needed funds and now that many institutions are facing financial hardship, should the ban on selling art to cover operating costs be
9、 eased? Lending urgency to the discussion are the efforts of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, which has one of the worlds best collections of contemporary art but whose funds is said to have shriveled(萎缩 ) to 6 million from more than 40 million over the last nine years. Wouldnt it be p
10、referable, some people asked this month, to sell a Mark Rothko painting or a couple of Robert Rauschenbergs legendary “combines“ - the museum owns 11 - than to risk closing its doors. Finally, the museum announced 30 million donations by the billionaire Eli Broad last week that would prevent the sal
11、es of any artworks. Yet defenders of the prohibition warn that such sales can irreparably (不能挽回地 ) damage an institution. “Selling an object is a knee-jerk (下意识的 )act, and it undermines core principles of a museum,“ said Michael Conforti, president of the directors association and director of the Cl
12、ark Art Institute in Williams-town, Massachusetts. “There are always other options.“ The sale of artwork from a museums permanent collection, known as deaccessioning(博物馆收藏品等出售 ), is not illegal in the United States, provided that any terms accompanying the original donation of artwork are respected.
13、 In Europe, by contrast, many museums are state-financed and prevented by national law from deaccessioning. But under the code of ethics of the American Association of Museums, the proceeds should be “used only for the acquisition, preservation, protection or care of collections.“ The code of the As
14、sociation of Art Museum Directors is even stricter, specifying that funds should not be used “for purposes other than acquisitions of works of art for the collection.“ Dorm Zaretsky, a New York lawyer who specializes in art cases, has sympathized with the National Academy, asking why a museum can se
15、ll art to buy more art but not to cover overhead costs or a much-needed education center. “Why should we automatically assume that buying art always justifies a deaccessioning, but that no other use of proceeds - no matter how important to an institutions mission-ever can“ he wrote. Even Patty Gerst
16、enblith, a law professor at DePaul University in Chicago known for her strong standpoint on protecting cultural patrimony (祖传的财物 ), said her position had softened over the years. “If its really a life-or-death situation, if its a choice between selling a Rauschenberg and keeping the museum doors ope
17、n, I think theres some justification for selling the painting,“ she said. But several directors drew a much harder line, noting that museums get tax-deductible donations of art and cash to safeguard art collections for the public. Selling off any holdings for profit would thus betray that trust, the
18、y say, not to mention robbing a community of art, so no exceptions for financial hardships should be allowed. Its a classic slippery slope. This thinking goes: letting one museum sell off two paintings paves the way for dozens of museums to sell off thousands of artworks, perhaps routinely. Deaccess
19、ioning has proven thorny for museums even when the money is directed into accepted channels like acquisitions. Sometimes the controversy centers on the irreplaceable nature of the object for sale, when Thomas Hoving, then the director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, began aggressively sorting out
20、 its collection in the early 1970s, selling high-profile paintings like Van Goghs “Olive Pickers“ and Rousseaus “Tropics“. The Metropolitan owned only one other painting by Rousseau, and the resistance was fierce. Yet critics of strict deaccessioning rules make a public-access argument as well. “Mos
21、t big museums cant show 90 percent of the objects they own - its all in storage,“ said Michael OHare, a cultural policy professor at the University of California, Berkeley. “Whats wrong with selling these objects to smaller museums or even private collectors, who are more likely to put them on displ
22、ay?“ At the National Academy, Branagan called deaccessinning an act of last resort, one that she would not have considered without a “long-range financial and programmatic“ plan. Branagan said she told her members as much before they voted for the sale - 181 to 2 in favor - in November: “I remember
23、saying: unless you believe you can support sweeping change, then do not vote for deaccessioning,“ she said. “The tragedy isnt that were going to sell these four pieces. Thats not a tragedy. The tragedy would be if in 10 or 15 years we were back here having the same conversation.“ 2 From the first pa
24、ragraph we know that the National Academy Museum is _. （ A） abundant in artworks （ B） expecting strong resistance （ C） abundant in money （ D） selling three paintings 3 According to Branngan, which of the following is fatal to the National Academy Museum? （ A） AAMD expressed disapproval of the Nation
25、al Academy Museum. （ B） The National Academy Museum breached one of the most important AAMDs principles. （ C） AAMD stopped any collaboration on exhibitions with the National Academy. （ D） AAMD withdrew any loans of works of art. 4 What do we learn about the Museum of Contemporary Art from the passag
26、e? （ A） It has one of the worlds best collections. （ B） Its funds have shriveled 32 million in the past nine years. （ C） It is preferable to sell several paintings. （ D） Donations help it out of the financial hardship. 5 In Europe, deaccessioning is _. （ A） legal （ B） legal without restriction （ C）
27、illegal （ D） legal with restriction 6 Under the code of AAMD, a museum uses its funds to _. （ A） acquire collections （ B） preserve collections （ C） protect collections （ D） repair collections 7 Which of the following is Donn Zaretskys attitude towards deaccessioning? （ A） He is waiting for a go-sign
28、al. （ B） He is for National Academys selling artworks. （ C） He assumes that deaccessioning is legal. （ D） He considers that covering overhead costs is important. 8 According to some directors, they disagree to sell artworks to ease financial hardships because they consider _. （ A） museums get donati
29、ons and cash （ B） museums sell art collections for the public （ C） selling art collections for profit is a robbery （ D） selling art collections for profit would betray the publics trust 9 If one museum sells off two paintings, then dozens of museums, perhaps routinely, maybe _. 10 In-the early 1970s
30、, when Thomas Hoving began sorting out its collection, the argument focuses on the irreplaceable nature of _. 11 If Branagan hadnt a “long-range financial and programmatic“ plan, she _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of
31、 each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） G
32、oing to France. （ B） Having a dinner tonight. （ C） Going to a French restaurant. （ D） Opening a restaurant. （ A） The fire will break out. （ B） The man would forget to help her out. （ C） The man hasnt read the newspaper. （ D） The building is just in the opposite street block. （ A） In a restaurant. （
33、B） In a hotel. （ C） In a bank. （ D） In a hospital. （ A） She will help the man with his study. （ B） She will drive to pick him up to his home. （ C） She will pass the examination soon. （ D） She will find the latest information for him. （ A） Jogging is much better than climbing stairs. （ B） The woman s
34、hould not climb the stairs. （ C） The woman should take some exercises. （ D） Each building should be installed with the lift. （ A） Jog to the town. （ B） Run around the town. （ C） Order the shoes from the catalog. （ D） Look for the shoes in the town. （ A） He is going to finish his term paper. （ B） He
35、is going to hand in the paper. （ C） He is going to correct the errors in the paper. （ D） He is going to read it to the woman. （ A） He has to go to another meeting. （ B） He is very shy to speak before people. （ C） He might get lost in the crowd. （ D） He doesnt like to attend the meeting. （ A） A colle
36、ge degree. （ B） An age of at least 18 years. （ C） Living in the college. （ D） Good credit record. （ A） Free. （ B） 125 pounds per year. （ C） 25 pounds per year. （ D） 18 pounds per year. （ A） You will be given a booklet. （ B） You will get a fine. （ C） Your rights of borrowing will be canceled. （ D） Yo
37、u cannot borrow any item. （ A） Because he changes to another job. （ B） Because he is not a good employee. （ C） Because there are few job opportunities. （ D） Because the job is not good enough. （ A） He was tired of the boring work. （ B） He was not satisfied with the salary. （ C） He found no chance of
38、 promotion. （ D） He found no way to like his boss. （ A） His resume was refused by many companies. （ B） His was waiting for the results of interviews. （ C） He has received no response of acceptance. （ D） He only got two interviews so far. （ A） They are online companies. （ B） They are people unions th
39、at work in the same area. （ C） They are groups of people dealing with difficult bosses. （ D） They are people online who help each other to find jobs. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and
40、the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because they had caught serious disease. （ B） Because they had been away from home for many years. （ C） Because it was said they had died. （ D） Because
41、they were put into prison. （ A） His bitter experience abroad. （ B） What he saw in the Asian countries. （ C） Made-up stories based on his imagination. （ D） The stories about his family. （ A） Where the countries are. （ B） How to make a travel around the world. （ C） What he told about is quite true. （
42、D） How to find the black stone for cooking. （ A） It is not safe for the children. （ B） The children can not communicate with mothers face to face. （ C） The mothers may feel very tired. （ D） The children have no chance to use hands and legs. （ A） They are like grown-up children. （ B） They feel very i
43、nsecure. （ C） They long for being protected. （ D） They feel extremely lonely. （ A） She believed that her baby would not bother on her back. （ B） She wanted to do some housework. （ C） She can make the child warmer. （ D） She can let the baby know her love. （ A） Banking cards. （ B） Personal belongings.
44、 （ C） Personal information. （ D） Valuable goods. （ A） They can not be admitted into some organizations. （ B） They must re-establish their financial record in the bank. （ C） Their identity will not be accepted by the government. （ D） They can not get their belongings back. （ A） Plans for helping vict
45、ims of identity theft. （ B） Setting laws to protect the public from identity theft. （ C） Punishing severely the identify thieves. （ D） Not letting out personal information. （ A） Closing the financial history. （ B） Monitoring the companies concerned. （ C） Holding hearings on the issue. （ D） Adding pa
46、ssword to each card. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43
47、with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The war for independence from Britain was a long and economical costly confli
48、ct. The New England fishing industry was【 B1】 _destroyed, and the tobacco【 B2】_in the South were also hard【 B3】 _The trade in imports was seriously【 B4】 _, since the war was fought against the country that had previously monopolized the supply of【 B5】 _goods. The most serious【 B6】 _were felt in the
49、cities. Because they depended on【 B7】 _activity. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston were all【 B8】 _for a time by British troops.【 B9】_. American income from ship building and commerce declined, harming the entire economy of the urban areas. The decline in trade brought a fall in the American standard of living.【 B10】 _Some of them joined the Continental army, or if they were loyal to Britain, they departed with the B
