1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 210及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Are Families Demanding Too Much from Their Children. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 现在许多家长 “望子成龙 ”心切 2. 此种想法对子女成长的影响 3
2、. 家长对子女应采取何种态度 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information g
3、iven in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Air Transportation Nature of the Industry Air travel in the United States grew at a rapid pace until 2001, expanding from 172 millio
4、n passengers in 1970 to nearly 642 million in 2003. However, over the next 3 years, a combination of factors-including the events of September 11, 2001, and an economic recession-combined to reduce traffic to 1996 levels. Nevertheless, air travel remains one of the most popular modes of transportati
5、on. Airlines transport passengers and freight over regularly scheduled routes or on routes. Several classes of airlines function in the United States. As of 2004, there were 15 major airlines-12 passenger and 3 all cargo-which the U.S. Department of Transportation defines as having operating revenue
6、s of more than 1 billion. The largest of these, often called the Big Six, generally have a hub and also fly internationally. A hub is a centrally located airport designated by an airline to receive a large number of its flights from many locations, and at which passengers can transfer to flights to
7、any of the locations served by the airline system. In this way, the greatest number of passengers, from as many locations as possible, can be served in the most efficient way with a given set of resources. In competition with the Big Six are low-cost, low-fare carriers. These carriers have tradition
8、ally not used hub and spoke systems and have offered flights between limited numbers of cities. They primarily have focused on flying shorter routes (400 miles or less) and on serving leisure travelers. But some low-fare carriers are expanding their routes to include longer transcontinental and nons
9、top flights. These moves have helped low-fare carriers expand their customer base to include more business travelers. Another type of passenger airline carrier is the commuter or regional carrier. As of 2004, there were approximately 75 of these carriers. Regional airlines operate short-and medium-h
10、aul scheduled airline service connecting smaller communities with larger cities and with hubs. Some of the largest regional carriers are subsidiaries of the major airlines, but most are independently owned, often contracting their services to the majors. The regional airlines fleet consists primaril
11、y of smaller 19- to 68-seat turboprop and 40- to 70-seat jet aircraft. The regional airlines are the fastest growing segment of commercial aviation with I out of every 7 domestic airline passengers flying on a regional airline during at least part of his or her trip. Air cargo is another sector of t
12、he airline industry. Cargo can be carried in cargo holds of passenger airlines or on aircraft designed exclusively to carry freight. Cargo carriers in this industry do not provide door-to-door service. Instead, they provide only air transport from an airport near the cargos origin to an airport near
13、 the cargo destination. Companies that provide door-to-door delivery of parcels either across town or across the continent are classified in the couriers and messengers industry. Most sectors of the airline industry were in a downturn in 2002, with several passenger airlines having declared bankrupt
14、cy and others on the verge of doing so. After 6 relatively successful years in the late 1990s, fueled by an increase in passenger volume and a booming economy, the growth in airline passenger traffic began to slow in 2001, coinciding with the economic recession. After the tragic events of September
15、11, 2001, passenger traffic dropped steeply, causing airlines to cut flights, lay off workers, and park surplus aircraft. Although passenger volume has since recovered somewhat, the growth rate in the industry will likely continue to be depressed for several years. As the low-fare airlines continue
16、to compete and gain market share over the higher-cost major airlines, and as passenger traffic remains lower, managing costs has become more critical to the survival of some airlines. Labor costs are the airlines largest cost component-amounting to over 40 percent of some airlines operating costs-an
17、d reducing these costs is a key part of the recovery plans of several major airlines. Reducing costs usually involves getting their constituent labor groups to restructure their wages, benefits, and work rules while continuing to improve labor productivity. Working Conditions Working conditions in a
18、ir transportation vary widely, depending on the occupation. Most employees work in fairly comfortable surroundings, such as offices, terminals, or airplanes. However, mechanics and others who service aircraft are subject to excessive noise, dirt, and grease and sometimes work outside in bad weather.
19、 In 2003, the air transportation industry had 11.0 injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers, compared with 5.0 throughout private industry. Virtually all work-related fatalities resulted from transportation accidents. Airlines operate flights at all hours of the day and night. As a result, m
20、any workers have irregular hours or variable work schedules. Flight and ground personnel, including mechanics and reservation and transportation ticket agents, may have to work at night or on weekends or holidays. Flight personnel may be away from their home bases frequently. When they are away from
21、 home, the airlines provide them with hotel accommodations, transportation between the hotel and airport, and an allowance for meals and expenses. Flight attendants typically fly from 65 to 85 hours a month. In addition to flight time, they have about 50 hours a month of duty time between flights. F
22、light crews, especially those on international routes, often suffer jet lag-disorientation and fatigue caused by flying into different time zones. Because employees must report for duty well rested, they must allow ample time to rest during their layovers. Occupations in the Industry Although pilots
23、 and flight attendants are the most visible occupations in this industry, two- thirds of all employees in air transportation work in ground occupations. Two of the largest ground occupations are aircraft mechanics and service technicians and reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel cl
24、erks. Aircraft mechanics and service technicians service, inspect, and repair planes. They may work on several different types of aircraft, such as jet transports, small propeller-driven airplanes, or helicopters. Many mechanics and technicians specialize, working on the airframe (the body of the ai
25、rcraft) or the power plant (the engines) or avionics (the parts of an aircraft that depend on electronics, such as navigation and communication equipment). In small, independent repair shops, they usually inspect and repair many different types of aircraft. A reservation and transportation ticket ag
26、ent is most often the first employee that passengers meet after entering the airport. Ticket agents work at airport ticket counters and boarding gates and use computers to provide customer service to incoming passengers. They can make and confirm reservations, sell tickets, and issue boarding passes
27、. They also may work in call centers, answering phone inquiries about flight schedules and fares, verifying reservations, issuing tickets, and handling payments. Customer service representatives assist passengers, check tickets when passengers board or disembark from an airplane, and check luggage a
28、t the reception area and ensure that it is placed on the proper carrier. They assist elderly or handicapped persons and unaccompanied children in claiming personal belongings and baggage, and in getting on and off the plane. They also may provide assistance to passengers who become ill or injured. O
29、ther ground occupations include airplane cargo agents, baggage handlers, and aircraft cleaners. Airplane cargo agents take orders from shippers and arrange for transportation of their goods. Baggage handlers, classified under laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand, are responsible fo
30、r loading and unloading passengers baggage. They stack baggage on specified carts or conveyors to see that it gets to the proper destination and also .return baggage to passengers at airline terminals. Aircraft cleaners clean aircraft interiors after each flight. 2 The passage gives a brief introduc
31、tion of air industry in the United States, which includes its nature, working environment and its occupations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The September 11th attack and the economic recession, to some extent, have damaged US air travel so that air travel is not Americans favorite means of transportation
32、 any more. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The low-fare carriers have usually offered shorter flights between limited number of cities, so passengers taking these flights will never have the chance to travel from an American city to any other city in another continent. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The best thing
33、 about the cargo carriers is that it offers door-to-door delivery service to the customers. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 It is possible that the air industry will experience a slow growth rate in the coming decade. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 According to the 2003 statistics, the number of injuries and illne
34、sses in transportation industry is relatively higher than that in private industry chiefly because the former has undergone more transportation accidents. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Confusion and tiredness usually happen to those flight crews on international routes because most probably they have to s
35、uffer the differences in time zones. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The central airport designated to receive a large number of flights from many location and where passengers can transfer flights to other locations is called the _. 10 The Fasted growing segment of commercial aviation are the _ airlines. 1
36、1 The work done by aircraft mechanics and service technicians and reservation am transportation ticket agents and travel clerks in air transportation are called _ occupations. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conv
37、ersation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She doesnt
38、need a new roll of film yet. （ B） She still hasnt finished the first roll. （ C） Shell soon have two rolls to be developed. （ D） Shed like him to develop the first film for her now. （ A） Louise picked up the language in Spain. （ B） Louise went to Spanish lessons in the US. （ C） Louise learned Spanish
39、 in Spain. （ D） Louise studied Spanish in order to go to Spain. （ A） The man made a mistake in operating the machine. （ B） The machine doesnt work properly. （ C） The woman is helping the man repair the machine. （ D） The instructions were not clear enough for the man to read. （ A） The police want to
40、talk to the main actor. （ B） The main actor forgot to come. （ C） The main actor is delayed by traffic. （ D） There was a robbery around. （ A） Read the magazine. （ B） Postpone writing the article. （ C） Return the magazine later. （ D） Finish the article before the exam. （ A） He had to work overtime. （
41、B） He was held up in traffic. （ C） His car ran out of gas. （ D） He had a traffic accident. （ A） He was the only. person who helped. （ B） He finds it difficult to change jobs. （ C） He shouldnt have helped. （ D） His intention was good. （ A） The back of his French dictionary fell apart when he dropped
42、it. （ B） He had read the novel without any help. （ C） He needed to look up some words in order to comprehend the novel. （ D） His French teacher helped him with the vocabulary. （ A） 25 March. （ B） 26 March. （ C） 17 March. （ D） Not mentioned. （ A） Details about a job advertisement. （ B） The salary the
43、 woman should receive. （ C） The job title. （ D） The quality of the candidate. （ A） The job title. （ B） The salary. （ C） Documents to be sent by applicants. （ D） Place to work in. （ A） Resident advice. （ B） Summer vacation. （ C） The housing office. （ D） Check-out procedures. （ A） Call the housing off
44、ice. （ B） Repair holes in room walls. （ C） Remove personal property. （ D） Register for summer school. （ A） Students summer addressees. （ B） Any damage to their rooms. （ C） When they plan to come back. （ D） Comments on the housing office. （ A） It is the key to better work. （ B） It is the key to bette
45、r health. （ C） It is the key to manual labor. （ D） It is the key to better weekends. （ A） Dean of Students. （ B） Lecturer in Speech Communication. （ C） Professor of Business Administration. （ D） Head of the Journalism Department. （ A） Three. （ B） Four. （ C） Five. （ D） Six. （ A） Because she likes Ame
46、rican history. （ B） Because she is interested in writing for newspapers. （ C） Because she does not want to lose her credit hours. （ D） Because she likes doing something practical. （ A） The junior year. （ B） The freshman year. （ C） The senior year. （ D） The sophomore year. Section B Directions: In th
47、is section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） He should develop the student
48、s awareness of the culture of the target language. （ B） He should teach the students the history of the target language. （ C） He should show the students different etiquette patterns in different cultures. （ D） He should help the students learn the values and beliefs of the target language. （ A） To
49、understand the differences between the target culture and their own culture. （ B） To increase their awareness of the cultural characteristics of the speakers of the target language. （ C） To live in the country where the target language is spoken. （ D） To acquire a command of the etiquette of the target language. （ A） After four years of college. （ B） After another four years of medical school. （ C） After at least one year as interns in a hospital. （ D） After their education is complete. （ A） Theology. （ B） Law. （ C） Ar
