1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 147及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1简介中国大学近年扩招情况2大学扩招可能带来的问题 3采取相关措施解决问题 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For qu
2、estions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Coping with Stress In modern times, we human beings hav
3、e to use thoughts and actions to deal with stressful situations and lower our stress levels. Many people have a characteristic way of coping with stress based on their personality. People who cope well with stress tend to believe they can personally influence what happens to them. They usually make
4、more positive statements about themselves, resist frustration, remain optimistic, and persevere even under extremely adverse circumstances. Most importantly, they choose the appropriate strategies to cope with the stressors (紧张性刺激 ) they confront. Conversely, people who cope poorly with stress tend
5、to have somewhat opposite personality characteristics, such as lower self-esteem and a pessimistic outlook on life. Coping strategies Psychologists distinguish two broad types of coping strategies: problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. The goal of both strategies is to control ones stre
6、ss level. In problem-focused coping, people try to alleviate (减轻 , 缓和 ) negative emotions by taking some action to modify, avoid, or minimize the threatening situation. They change their behavior to deal with the stressful situation. In emotion-focused coping, people try to directly moderate or elim
7、inate unpleasant emotions. Examples of emotion-focused coping include rethinking the situation in a positive. way, relaxation, denial, and wishful thinking. To understand these strategies, consider the example of a premed (医学院预科 ) student in college who faces three difficult final examinations in a
8、single week. She knows she must get top grades in order to have a chance at acceptance to medical school. This situation is a potential source of stress, To cope, she could organize a study group and master the course materials systematically (problem-focused coping). Or she could decide that she ne
9、eds to relax and collect herself for an hour or so (emotion-focused coping) before proceeding with an action plan (problem-focused coping). She might also decide to watch television for hours on end to prevent having to think about or study for her exams (emotion-focused coping). In general, problem
10、-focused coping is the most effective coping strategy when people have realistic opportunities to change aspects of their situation and reduce stress. Emotion-focused coping is most useful as a short-term strategy. It can help reduce ones excitement level before engaging in problem- solving and taki
11、ng action, and it can help people deal with stressful situations in which there are few problem-focused coping options. Social support Support from friends, family members, and others who care for us goes a long way in helping us to get by in times of trouble. Social support systems provide us with
12、emotional sustenance (支持 ), handy resources and aid, and information when we are in need. People with social support feel cared about and valued by others and feel a sense of belonging to a larger social network. A large body of research has linked social support to good health and a superior abilit
13、y to cope with stress. For example, one long-term study of several thousand California residents found that people with extensive social ties lived longer than those with few close social contacts. Another study found that heart-attack victims who lived alone were nearly twice as likely to have anot
14、her heart attack as those who lived with someone. Even the perception of social support can help people cope with stress. Studies have found that peoples appraisal (评价 ) of the availability of social support is more closely related to how well they deal with stressors than the actual amount of suppo
15、rt they receive or the size of their social network. Research also suggests that the companionship of animals can help lower stress. For example, one study found that in times of stress, people with pet dogs made fewer visits to the doctor than those without pets. Biofeedback Biofeedback (生物反馈 ) is
16、a technique in which people learn voluntary control of stress-related physiological responses, such as skin temperature, muscle tension, blood pressure, and heart rate. Normally, people cannot control these responses voluntarily. In biofeedback training, people are connected to an instrument or mach
17、ine that measures a particular physiological response, such as heart rate, and feeds that measurement back to them in an understandable way. For example, the machine might beep with each heartbeat or display the number of heartbeats per minute on a digital screen. Next, individuals learn to be sensi
18、tive to subtle changes inside their body that affect the response system being measured. Gradually, they learn to produce changes in that response system - for example, to voluntarily lower their heart rate. Typically individuals use different techniques and proceed by trial and error until they dis
19、cover a way to produce the desired changes. Biofeedback has become a widely used and generally accepted technique for producing relaxation and lowering physiological arousal (唤醒 ) in patients with stress-related disorders. One use of biofeedback is in the. treatment of tension headaches. By learning
20、 to lower muscle tension in the head and neck, many tension headache sufferers can find long-term relief. Relaxation In addition to biofeedback, two other major methods of relaxation are progressive muscular relaxation and meditation(深思 ). Progressive muscular relaxation involves systematically tens
21、ing and then relaxing different groups of voluntary muscles, while directing ones attention toward the contrasting sensations produced by the two procedures. After practicing progressive muscular relaxation, individuals become increasingly sensitive to rising tension levels and can produce the relax
22、ation response during everyday activities (often by repeating a cue word, such as calm, to themselves). Meditation, in addition to teaching relaxation, is designed to achieve subjective goals such as contemplation, wisdom, and altered states of consciousness. One of the most common forms of meditati
23、on, as is said, involves focusing attention on and repeating a word, sound, or phrase thought to have particularly calming properties. Both progressive muscle relaxation and meditation reliably reduce stress-related excitement. They have been used successfully to treat a range of stress-related diso
24、rders, such as tension headaches and chronic pain. Aerobic exercise Aerobic(增氧健身的 ) exercise - such as running, walking, biking, and skiing- can help keep stress levels down. Because aerobic exercise increases the endurance of the heart and lungs, an aerobically fit individual will have a lower hear
25、t rate at rest and lower blood pressure, less reactivity to stressors, and quicker recovery from stressors. In addition, studies show that people who exercise regularly have higher self-esteem and suffer less from anxiety and depression than comparable people who are not aerobically fit. The America
26、n College of Sports Medicine recommends exercising three to four times a week for at least 20 minutes to reduce the risk of heart attack and other diseases. 2 The purpose of the passage is to provide different ways for people to tackle the state of extreme pressure or strain. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3
27、 Maintaining confidence and lighthearted mood is very effective to relieve peoples stress. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Emotion-focused coping is a way in which people make every effort to get the negative circumstances under control so as to reduce their stress. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The passage takes
28、 a premed student as an example to illustrate the difficulty in relieving stress. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Support and concern from others provides a sense of belonging. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Social life imposes much stress on people and does harm to their health. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Scientists
29、 have applied biofeedback mechanisms to treat high blood pressure and heart attack. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 People generally use the strategy of _ to alleviate stress if they cannot change the circumstances immediately. 10 People who want to actively control the responses of their body under stress
30、should learn the technique of _. 11 According to an American College, regular exercises for no less than _ a week are needed for good health. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions wi
31、ll be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She wants to know the place of a particular r
32、estaurant. （ B） Shes recommending a good place to go for dinner. （ C） She thinks the man should take his friend to France. （ D） Shes sending an invitation to the man for dinner. （ A） He can give her some of his notes. （ B） He has no idea of economics. （ C） He didnt take any economics class. （ D） Hes
33、 happy to lend her his notes. （ A） She has never eaten such delicious oranges before. （ B） She bets they can find better oranges. （ C） She doesnt know why the man likes oranges. （ D） She has never eaten oranges before. （ A） The application should be put in the post office. （ B） The woman should buy
34、a copy machine. （ C） The photocopy machine isnt available anywhere. （ D） The woman can make copies at the post office. （ A） She has finished her school. （ B） She is not a good student before. （ C） She hasnt finished her final paper. （ D） Shes still a student. （ A） Stay half days. （ B） Tour the count
35、ry. （ C） Take a longer tour. （ D） Rest the whole day. （ A） Pay a traffic ticket. （ B） Let the passenger out. （ C） Continue to drive. （ D） Park at the comer. （ A） There are many gifts to choose from. （ B） She wants the man to buy the poster for her. （ C） They promised to stop at the shop. （ D） They m
36、ust buy something for her brother. （ A） He wasnt present at the lecture. （ B） He didnt listen to the lecture attentively. （ C） He didnt appreciate the lecture. （ D） He disliked some part of the lecture. （ A） The Arctic land. （ B） Active volcano. （ C） Iceberg. （ D） Ice age. （ A） The ice in the Antarc
37、tic will never melt. （ B） The disasters caused by icebergs are all over the world. （ C） The Antarctic is hot with volcanoes. （ D） Volcano can protect ice sheet from melting. （ A） Hospital staff only. （ B） Many Packer Hall residents. （ C） Many officials. （ D） The art students. （ A） By collections mad
38、e at hospital. （ B） By money from sponsors. （ C） By the funds from local hospitals. （ D） By contributions based on the number of miles walked. （ A） One dollar. （ B） 25 cents. （ C） Two dollars. （ D） 20 cents. （ A） Joe will keep it for himself. （ B） It will be used for a new hospital. （ C） It will be
39、used by the participants. （ D） It will be shared by the participants and the hospital. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a questi
40、on, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） How to improve transportation. （ B） The best transportation facilities. （ C） A comparison between railway and airplane. （ D） Transportation in China. （ A） Not comfortable. （ B） Rather crowded and slow. （ C） Interval
41、 is long. （ D） Cannot reach suburban areas. （ A） By buses. （ B） By private cars. （ C） By rail. （ D） By air. （ A） Cultural differences and communication. （ B） Language and communication. （ C） Intercultural communications. （ D） Three prerequisites of successful communication between cultures. （ A） Lan
42、guage elements. （ B） Cultural differences. （ C） Something happens when people from another culture want to communicate. （ D） Practical problems in communications between different cultures. （ A） An ambassador can serve as a bridge between two cultures. （ B） An ambassador has to understand more than
43、a language to communicate effectively. （ C） Knowledge of a foreign language is enough for successful communication. （ D） Mutual understanding is important to maintain good relations between cultures. （ A） The discovery of the Icemans body. （ B） The cause of the Icemans death. （ C） The murder of the
44、Iceman. （ D） The mountain peoples offerings to their gods. （ A） Two German scientists. （ B） Two German climbers. （ C） Two Italian scientists. （ D） Two Italian climbers. （ A） The Iceman died more than 5000 years ago. （ B） The body was found in northern Italy. （ C） The body was found with a bow and ar
45、rows. （ D） The body was protected by ice. （ A） Because he died 5000 years ago in the mountain. （ B） Because scientists found an arrowhead under his shoulder. （ C） Because he was killed in a fall while hunting animals. （ D） Because his body was discovered in an area between two high mountains. Sectio
46、n C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you ha
47、ve just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Yesterday we discussed the problem of rising prices. In other words, or in the【 B1】terms, it is regarded
48、 as inflation. We noted that, during the【 B2】 of inflation, all prices and incomes do not rise at the same rate. Some incomes rise more slowly than the cost of living, and a few do not rise at all. Other incomes,【 B3】 , rise more【 B4】 than the cost of living. We concluded that persons with fixed inc
49、omes, as for example, the【 B5】 who depend upon pensions, a person with slow-rising incomes as, for example, an【 B6】 with a salary agreed to in a long-term【 B7】 will be most seriously affected by inflation. Please【 B8】 that while their dollar incomes stay the same, the cost of goods and services rises, and in effect, real income decreases; that is【 B9】 . We also talked about the fact that【 B10】 , since high prices would increase sales and profits would likely rise faster then the cost of living. And now, before we
