1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 121及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 现在有许多大学生沉溺于网络游戏； 2沉溺于网络游戏给大学生带来的影响； 3建议大家远离这种消遣方式。 Stepping Away from Online Games 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answ
2、er the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Animal
3、Behavior Euthanasia(安乐死 ) is the number-one killers of dogs and cats in the U. S.-responsible for more deaths that all infectious diseases combined. And behavior problems are the number-one reason that animals are turned in to animal shelters. When pets become destructive, aggressive or cause major
4、inconveniences, some owners feel that parting with the animal is the only solution. The good news is that help is available. To keep you from reaching the end of your rope, here are a few things you should know about your animals behavior. When a dog or cat does something upsetting to an owner, very
5、 often the event was just the animals normal behavior. But the owner may misread the situation, react inappropriately and worsen the problem. Consider the following example. Dogs dont like to go out in heavy rain or snow any more than we do. One morning, an owner gets up and lets his dog outside to
6、urine(排尿 ). Since his dog does not really want to get wet, he sits by the door waiting to get back inside. He did not eliminate while outside, but his owner does not know this. Later in the morning, when his urge to eliminate is overwhelming, the dog urinates on the kitchen floor. The owner comes ho
7、me and assumes the dog eliminated in the house to “get even“ with him for not petting him enough or for some other action. The owner then punishes the dog. Now, after several consecutive days of bad weather, the dog quickly learns to associate the combined presence of the owner and the smell of urin
8、e with punishment. The dogs resulting hesitant behavior around his owner is interpreted as a “guilty“ expression instead of a submissive one. This misunderstanding can lead to less interaction between owner and dog and to more negative feelings toward the animal. In another example, a cat may sharpe
9、n his claws on his owners new sofa because its texture is highly desirable. Because the old sofa was the cats favorite daytime napping spot, the owner may assume that the cat is “getting even“ with him for replacing the sofa. This inaccurate assumption can lead to the cat being, punished for merely
10、looking at the new sofa. In both these situations, there are two major misunderstandings. The first is that an animal would exhibit a particular behavior as revenge (报复 ) for something his owner did. In the dogs case, he was merely expressing normal behavior in response to a particular environmental
11、 situation-the bad weather. Normally the dog knows that the preferred location for elimination is outdoors. But when it was raining hard he hurried back inside. Naturally, when his need to go became overwhelming, he soiled in the house. Hardly an act of revenge! And the cats claw sharpening was comp
12、letely normal cat behavior that may even have been tolerated on the old sofa. Why then should the cat differentiate the old sofa from the new one, or why should the cat know that the highly attractive fabric on the new sofa is to be left alone. The second misunderstanding in these cases is that many
13、 pet owners do not understand that punishment for animals is only associated with the event of the moment. Delayed interactions or ones that are really not connected to the problem are not effective. They only serve to express the owners frustration and are not really punishment in the classic sense
14、. In the dogs case, his owners action is interpreted by the dog as punishment for walking up to the owner, not as punishment for eliminating in the house several hours earlier. That dog learned that owner + odor = punishment, not that it is unacceptable to eliminate in the house, regardless of the w
15、eather. And, because the cat owner is not around 24 hours a day to make the cats punishment consistent, the cat learns to avoid the owner in the room with the sofa, since owner + sofa = punishment. The lessons these owners think are being taught through words and punishment are not the lessons the a
16、nimals learn. For this reason, it is better to look for ways to avoid the original event-a positive rather than negative approach. A positive approach for the dogs problem is for a family member to go out with the dog to be sure that elimination occurs. That way the dog will not have an urge to elim
17、inate inside, when his owner is gone. The cats owner can cover the problem sofa and place an appropriate scratching post near the problem area so the cat will learn what is an acceptable clawing area. Eventually both animals can be trusted and the household can return to normal. It is possible that
18、an owner can reward undesirable behavior with too much attention. Barking at night is disturbing, so an owner yells at his dog to be quiet. The dog associates human contact with barking and is encouraged to bark again for more attention. If loud enough or long enough, the barking may actually drive
19、an owner to bring an outdoor dog into the house, where he gets lots of human contact. Since barking is often a response to a brief disturbance, it will usually stop on its own. Unfortunately once the behavior is rewarded with attention, it can take longer to stop by simply remain resolute in their g
20、oal since occasional rewards prolong the behavior even more. Dog and cat owners have many valuable resources for understanding their animals behavior in their veterinariana (兽医 ) and local animal shelter. Some veterinarian clinics, local humane societies and community dog training schools offer pupp
21、y kindergarten classes to start off the new family member right. If there is a behavior you do not understand in your pet, be sure to ask questions. Explain and describe any small problem, as many problems are easier to correct in their mild form and more difficult to stop once they have developped.
22、 Dogs with fear to approaching thunderstorms, dogs that have too much energy, cats that raid the kitchen counters, and many other problems can be helped. Your veterinarian or humane society can refer you to veterinary specialists or other appropriate people for particularly complicated problems. 2 W
23、hat do people usually do when their pets are thought to have behavior problems? （ A） They send the pets to other friends. （ B） They kill their pets. （ C） They send the pets to animal shelters. （ D） They go to ask help from experts. 3 When owners are unhappy at their animals behaviors, they_. （ A） te
24、nd to misunderstand their normal behaviors as abnormal ones （ B） take mild punishments instead of severe ones （ C） always improve their animals behaviors （ D） do something to encourage their animals 4 What is the result of the misunderstanding between the pet and the owner? （ A） Communication betwee
25、n the pet and the owner is stressed. （ B） The owner will dislike the pet more. （ C） The owner feels sorry for the punishment. （ D） The pet feels guilty for their behaviors. 5 When a pet scratches on a new sofa, his owner regards it as _ . （ A） revenge （ B） abnormal behavior （ C） madness （ D） normal
26、behavior 6 When a pet dog eliminates in the house while its raining hard, it _. （ A） indeed takes a revenge on its owner （ B） is showing fear to the bad weather （ C） doesnt take a revenge on its owner （ D） wants the house to be as wet as the outside 7 Which of the following is proper when a punishme
27、nt is needed because of animals bad behavior? （ A） A prompt punishment directly associated with the event. （ B） A punishment two days before the pets typical bad behavior. （ C） A punishment two hours after the pets bad behavior. （ D） A punishment when the interaction between is built. 8 What is the
28、effective measure when you dont want the pet cat to scratch the sofa? （ A） To change the sofa so that the cat can scratch more. （ B） To beat the cat the moment it scratches habitually. （ C） To remove the sofa outside of the house. （ D） To assign a place for scratching near the sofa. 9 If you dont li
29、ke your dog to bark, youd better not give it _. 10 In order to help your little pet dog develop good behaviors, youd better take it to _. 11 Since its more difficult to solve serious animal behavior problems, its advised to solve the problems in _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hea
30、r 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices ma
31、rked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She feels angry. （ B） She feels tired. （ C） She feels hungry. （ D） She feels disappointed. （ A） He is always happy with his life. （ B） He is not easy to deal with. （ C） He is always complaining. （ D） He is careless about his children. （ A
32、） She cant rest well. （ B） She has too much to read. （ C） She has to finish a job on time. （ D） She doesnt Nike her reading class. （ A） In a kitchen. （ B） In a market. （ C） In a garden. （ D） At a picnic. （ A） They had a misunderstanding four years ago. （ B） They really like each other very much. （ C
33、） Theyve been angry with one another for a long time. （ D） Theyve never learned how to express their feelings. （ A） Run in town. （ B） Jogging more carefully. （ C） Buy shoes from a catalog. （ D） Find an easier place to exercise. （ A） Saying goodbye to a friend. （ B） Buying a ticket for a sports event
34、. （ C） Paying a bill at the bank. （ D） Arranging a plane trip. （ A） She is going to stay at home. （ B） She is going to fix the telephone. （ C） She is going to call the telephone company. （ D） She is going to work in the telephone company. （ A） It only has 6 rooms inside. （ B） It is a luxury building
35、. （ C） It is the official home of the presidents. （ D） George Washington had lived in it. （ A） Because the white people dominated the country. （ B） Because white building shows dignity of the president. （ C） Because it had been burned in the war and repainted white. （ D） Because people hope the offi
36、cials could be as simple as the color of white. （ A） It costs nothing to enter the room. （ B） Visitors can only visit it on weekends. （ C） Visitors can go into any room inside. （ D） Everyone has the right to visit the White House. （ A） The female lead. （ B） The clown. （ C） The painted face. （ D） The
37、 old lead. （ A） The actress looks younger than her real age. （ B） The actress looks older than her real age. （ C） The actress looks as old as her real age. （ D） The actress looks like the famous actor Mei Lanfang. （ A） By different gestures. （ B） By different voices. （ C） By different colors. （ D） B
38、y different costumes. （ A） R stands for loyalty. （ B） It stands for disloyalty. （ C） R stands for uprightness. （ D） It stands for integrity. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the quest
39、ions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Recalling something from ones memory. （ B） Conscience. （ C） Something about preparatory method in exam. （ D） Mans mind. （ A） From the ones they are familiar with
40、 to the difficult ones. （ B） From the short ones to the long ones. （ C） From the long ones to the short ones. （ D） From the ones they are confident of to the more difficult ones. （ A） When you cant recall something instantly, you should try your best to do it. （ B） When you cant recall something ins
41、tantly, youd better have an operation on your mind. （ C） The subconscious activities may go to work to dig up a dim memory. （ D） Forcing yourself to recall may loosen your memory. （ A） Equivalent to a hydrogen bomb. （ B） Equivalent to tons of hydrogen bombs. （ C） Equivalent to tons of TNT. （ D） Equi
42、valent to a ton of TNT. （ A） Lightning and thunder. （ B） A great deal of water vapor and a rapidly rising air current. （ C） Warm air and cold air. （ D） A great amount of vapor and electricity. （ A） Nearly 15,000 degrees Fahrenheit. （ B） Nearly 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit. （ C） Nearly 50,000 degrees Fah
43、renheit. （ D） Nearly 150,000 degrees Fahrenheit. （ A） The growth of Detroit as an industrial city. （ B） Detroit, the fifth largest city in the U. S. A. （ C） The geographical advantages of Detroit. （ D） The car industry in the U. S. A. （ A） 56 percent. （ B） 96 percent. （ C） 24 percent. （ D） 28 percen
44、t. （ A） It takes 96 hours to produce a car in Detroit. （ B） It takes 48 hours to produce a car in Detroit. （ C） It takes 24 hours to produce a car in Detroit. （ D） It takes 28 hours to produce a car in Detroit. （ A） These factories produced machines in the past. （ B） These factories produced farm to
45、ols in the past. （ C） These factories manufactured bicycles in the past. （ D） These factories manufactured cars tools in the past. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea
46、. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have
47、 just heard or write down the 37 Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest【 B1】 who ever lived. He thought that people could be free when they wrote music. Before his time, music was composed for a special【 B2】 . Often it was church music. Or, music was written to【 B3】 at parties and concerts. Be
48、ethoven was born in Germany in 1770. He was a very musical child. The boy learned to play the【 B4】 and piano, but he was not happy at home. His mother died when he was in his teens. After that, his father was often drunk and【 B5】 . Beethoven became a【 B6】 in a rich family. His students mother was ve
49、ry kind to the young teacher. She helped him meet many famous【 B7】 . One of them was Mozart. He said, “That boy will give the world something worth listening to.“ When Beethoven was in his twenties, he began to go deaf. The deafness changed his behaviors. He became【 B8】 and moody.【 B9】 . Beethoven died when he was 57 years old.【 B10】 .【 B11】 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this
