1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 50及答案与解析 Section C 0 Do you ever call long distance from a pay phone? You dial the number, and then you hear something like: “Sixty cents, please. Please deposit(投硬币 )sixty cents for the first three minutes.“ If you are placing the call in New York State, dont try to ask the opera
2、tor a question. There is no one on the line with you. The voice you hear comes from a computer. It has vocabulary of seventy words in its memory. This program is known as the Automatic Coin Telephone Service. The word and numbers are first recorded, each word and number by itself, by an actress. The
3、 sounds are then changed into electronic signal and stored in a computer memory circuit(电路 ). The circuit is hooked into the computer that controls all the calls made from pay telephones. While you dial your call, the computer senses each of the numbers. When you finish, it calculates the cost, and
4、produces the voice that you hear. As soon as you deposit the money, the computer automatically connects your call. Have you ever called Information and heard an operator say: “Information. May I help you?“ You tell the operator a name and he or she gives you the phone number. In the past, the operat
5、or would have to thumb through the telephone directory to pick up the number. Now, a new computer system provides this information much more quickly. Sometimes it can find the number even if you misspell the name. Information operators who use this new system type in the name you give on the compute
6、r terminal. In a flash, the computer displays the name and telephone number on the CRT(显像管 ). At the same time, the computer calls up nine similar names. In case you spelled the name wrong, the operator may still be able to find it. All new phones are also entered into this computer system. The info
7、rmation operators, therefore, have the up-to-the-minute listings. At the end of the year, the computer is hooked to a machine that automatically sets the type for the new telephone directory. The directory is then printed from this type accurately, quickly, and at a great savings in cost. 1 A comput
8、erized pay phone doesn t connect your call,_. （ A） but you needn t pay some money （ B） unless you pay a certain sum of money （ C） because you dont want to pay a bit of money （ D） when you pay a certain sum of money 2 Computerized telephones_. （ A） dont need special programs （ B） don t need any opera
9、tors （ C） have special programs （ D） need different kinds of help 3 The voice you hear_. （ A） comes from a telephone （ B） comes from an actress （ C） from a computer is made by itself （ D） from a computer is recorded by an actress 4 When you tell information operator a name, . （ A） he or she can give
10、 you the name quickly （ B） he or she has to thumb through the telephone directory to look up the number （ C） he or she can not give you the number quickly （ D） he or she can give you the number quickly 5 A computerized telephone is_the one that is not computerized. （ A） as convenient as （ B） more co
11、nvenient than （ C） not so convenient as （ D） more interesting than 5 Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy. A handful of stud
12、ies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital Of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they werent doing any more physical activity than usual. Lippl and
13、 his colleagues invited 20 overweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(
14、荷尔蒙 )linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105 kg, had lost on average about 1.5 kg. The mens blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers attributed to weight lost. Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite
15、 is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just 1 kg of the
16、 1.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic(新陈代谢的 )rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data. Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of
17、 Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile. Unfortunately, for the average person there s no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is a hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isnt prac
18、tical as a therapy. He says, half-jokingly, “if fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountains.“ 6 What contributes the most to one s heart rates, according to the first paragraph? （ A） Our bodyweight. （ B） The consumption of energy. （ C） The rates of our br
19、eathing. （ D） The amount of oxygen provided. 7 Hormones are tested in the research because they can affect_. （ A） one s bodyweight （ B） one s blood pressure （ C） ones way of living （ D） one s metabolic rate 8 What was found about the 20 overweight men in the process of the research? （ A） They contro
20、lled what to eat self-consciously. （ B） They took in much fewer calories than usual. （ C） They lost appetite because of lack of physical activity, （ D） They were provided with a healthier diet than before. 9 Why does Damian Bailey agree with the idea of appetite loss at high altitudes? （ A） He exper
21、imented with the new weight loss plan in the Andes. （ B） He found no other reasons for his loss of weight in the Andes. （ C） He researched the related subject in the Andes. （ D） He lost much weight in the high altitude Andes. 10 Lippl talks about the way of losing weight by spending holidays on moun
22、tains with_. （ A） casualness （ B） inaccuracy （ C） uncertainty （ D） confidence 10 The two economists call their paper “Mental Retirement,“ and their findings have aroused the interest of behavioral researchers. Data from the United States and 12 European countries suggest that the earlier people reti
23、re, the more quickly their memories decline. The implication, the economists and others say, is that there really seems to be something to the “use it or lose it“ notion if people want to preserve their memories and reasoning abilities, they may have to keep active. “Its incredibly interesting and e
24、xciting,“ said Laura Carstensen, director of the Center on Longevity at Stanford University in California. “It suggests that work actually provides an important component of the environment that keeps people functioning optimally.“ Researchers repeatedly find that retired people tend to do less well
25、 on cognitive tests than people who are still working. But, they note, that could be because people whose memories and thinking skills are declining may be more likely to retire than people whose cognitive skills remain sharp. And research has failed to support the premise that mastering activities
26、like memory exercises, crossword puzzles and Sudoku improve overall functioning. “If you do crossword puzzles, you get better at crossword puzzles,“ said Lisa Berkman, director of the Center for Population and Development Studies at Harvard University. “If you do Sudoku, you get better at Sudoku. Yo
27、u get better at one narrow task. But you don t get better at cognitive behavior in life.“ The study was possible, explains one of its authors, Robert Willis, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, because the National Institute on Aging began a large study in the United States nearl
28、y 20 years ago. Called the Health and Retirement Study, it surveys more than 22,000 Americans over age 50 every two years, and administers memory tests. 11 According to the paper of the two economists, retired people_. （ A） have aroused the interest of behavior researchers （ B） grow more forgetful t
29、han working people （ C） no longer have a functioning mind （ D） can have as good cognitive skills as people at work 12 In Laura L. Carstensens opinion, what is the relationship between work and mental function? （ A） Work has nothing to do with people s mental function. （ B） Work can provide an enviro
30、nment to keep the mental function well. （ C） Work can make people tired and decrease the mental function. （ D） People s mental function has no influence on people s work. 13 Lisa Berkman claimed that crossword puzzles and some games could_. （ A） not improve mans overall functioning （ B） make people
31、good at one narrow task （ C） help improve man s cognitive skills （ D） help people live longer and slow down aging 14 What can we learn about the Health and Retirement Study? （ A） It has been carried out by the National Institute on Aging for about 20 years. （ B） The study surveys the Americans of al
32、l ages. （ C） The two economists have done enough research in this field. （ D） The two economists administer memory tests to many old people every two tears. 15 According to the passage, what does “Mental Retirement“ mean? （ A） People want to retire at an early age. （ B） People have to retire earlier
33、 than they ve expected. （ C） People s mental functions decline while they are still working. （ D） Peoples memories and reasoning abilities decline if they are not working. 15 These days, many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems. These systems help keep the build
34、ings cool, but they can also damage the environment. Since they use a lot of electricity, for instance, they contribute indirectly to global warming. In addition, the water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, that are believed to damage
35、 the Earth s ozone layer. Recently, though, a system has been built in the city of Toronto, Canada, that cools buildings with little damage to the environment. In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings, water is pumped through the building in a continuous cycle. The w
36、ater is first cooled to a temperature of 4C in machines called chillers. It is then sent to individual units that cool the air in each room. As the water flows through the building, it gradually becomes warmer. Finally, it reaches the roof, where it is left to cool down naturally in a water tower. A
37、fter that it is returned to the chillers, where the cycle begins again. Toronto lies on the shore of Lake Ontario, one of North Americas Great Lakes, and the new system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake. At this depth, the water in the lake remains at 4
38、C all year round. This is exactly the temperature to which the water in air-conditioning systems is cooled. However, the water from the lake is not pumped directly into the air-conditioning systems. Instead, it is used to cool the water that is already inside the air-conditioning systems. After that
39、, the lake water is added to the citys ordinary water supply. Enwave, the company that developed this deep-lake cooling system, says that it uses 75 percent less energy than traditional air conditioning. And since no CFCs are used, no damage can be caused to the ozone layer. Not every city is locate
40、d next to a large lake, but experts believe that systems like the one being used in Toronto could be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water. 16 What is one problem with traditional air-conditioning systems? （ A） The chemicals they use sometimes pollute the water supply. （ B） Th
41、ey often damage the buildings that they are trying to cool. （ C） There are not enough CFCs in the world to cool all the buildings. （ D） The method they use to cool water is thought to harm the ozone layer. 17 What is the function of the chillers in a traditional air-conditioning system? （ A） They pu
42、mp the air continuously to the units in each room. （ B） They lower the temperature of the water in the system. （ C） They help the water cool down naturally on the roof. （ D） They gradually clean the water as it flows through the building. 18 What happens in the end to the water from Lake Ontario? （
43、A） It is used by the residents of Toronto. （ B） It is returned to a place deep in the lake. （ C） It is cooled down before being used again. （ D） It is added to the water inside air-conditioning systems. 19 What is one advantage of Enwave s new system? （ A） It keeps buildings much cooler than other m
44、ethods. （ B） It can be used by large cities anywhere in the world. （ C） It is much more energy-efficient than traditional systems. （ D） It keeps water from being used for more than one purpose. 20 Which of the following is true? （ A） Enwave s system is said to work only in cities located near the Gr
45、eat Lakes. （ B） The water deep in Lake Ontario always remains at the same temperature. （ C） Experts warn that the use of CFCs in Enwave s system will add to global warming. （ D） Toronto is now searching for new natural sources of water to use in its water supply. 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 50答案与解析 Section C
46、 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。根据短文第二段 You dial the number， and then you hear somethinglike： “Sixty cents， please Please deposit sixty cents for the first three minutes ”可知。在你拨号后首先听到的是告诉你要付多少钱，因此选项 B正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。由短文第三段最后一句 This program is known as the AutomaticCoin Telep
47、hone Service可知，这个系统有个特殊部件，就因为它你在拿起电话时才听到里面的声音。故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据短文第四段第一句 The word and numbers are first recorded 可知答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。作者在短文第七段指出 You tell the operator a name and he or shegives you the phone number以及 provides this information much more
48、quickly由此可知正确答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨题。通读全文可知，全文主要讲述使用计算机操作后电话带给人们的便利，比如可以告 知话费，可以记录信息，查找信息等。故答案为 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。文章第一段第三句指出 Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes， so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to
49、burn more energy即山上空气所含的氧气少于低海拔地区，所以呼吸 时心脏跳动更快，身体也消耗更多的能量。由此可知心率与氧气含量多少有关。故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。根据文章第二段中 researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness可知 hormones会影响食欲和肥胖，即体重。故选A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。第三段第二句指出 the men ate significantly less than usualabout 700 calories fewer per day，由此可知，选项 B正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据文章第四段可知， Damian Bailey认同高海拔地区能影响人的食欲，从而影响体重，因为他在安第斯山脉考察的 3个月里瘦了 11公斤。故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推断题。根据短文最后一句 He sa
