1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 42及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Dialectal TV Programs. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below: 1现在电视上出现了很多方言类的节目 2有人对这种现象表示支持，也有人并不赞成 3我的看法
2、 Section A （ A） The man wasnt at home yesterday evening. （ B） The mans grandmother didnt want him to go out. （ C） The woman didnt want to meet the man at the party. （ D） The woman didnt wait for the man at the corner of the street. （ A） The man doesnt agree with the report at all. （ B） The man agree
3、s with most part of the report. （ C） The man doesnt think their studies are as busy as expected. （ D） The woman doesnt think putting on a play is practical. （ A） Ask the woman in advance. （ B） Write a message to Dr. Tedder. （ C） Ask Dr. Tedder for allowance. （ D） Go to Dr. Tedders listening class. （
4、 A） He lost his key in Marks bookstore. （ B） He works in Marks bookstore. （ C） He asks the woman to pick up the key for him. （ D） He doesnt know the key was lost. （ A） She is a house-keeper. （ B） She spends a lot on employing a house-keeper. （ C） She always does housework to make things in order. （
5、D） She enjoys doing housework at home. （ A） A teacher. （ B） An engineer. （ C） A repairman. （ D） A surgeon. （ A） By ship. （ B） By bus. （ C） By air. （ D） By train. （ A） This room can only accommodate up to 60 students. （ B） All the students will listen to the lecture. （ C） There are three rooms for th
6、e students. （ D） The room has been enlarged. （ A） It is advertising electronic products. （ B） It is planning to tour East Asia. （ C） It is sponsoring a TV programme. （ D） It is giving performances in town. （ A） A lot of good publicity. （ B） Talented artists to work for it. （ C） Long-term investments
7、. （ D） A decrease in production costs. （ A） Promise long-term cooperation with the Company. （ B） Explain frankly their own current financial situation. （ C） Pay for the printing of the performance programme. （ D） Bear the cost of publicising the Companys performance. （ A） He has been seeing doctors
8、and counsellors. （ B） He has found a new way to train his voice. （ C） He was caught abusing drugs. （ D） He might give up concert tours. （ A） Singers may become addicted to it. （ B） It helps singers warm themselves up. （ C） Singers use it to stay away from colds. （ D） It can do harm to singers vocal
9、chords. （ A） They are eager to become famous. （ B） Many lack professional training. （ C） Few will become successful. （ D） They live a glamorous life. （ A） Harm to singers done by smoky atmospheres. （ B） Side effects of some common drugs. （ C） Voice problems among pop singers. （ D） Hardships experien
10、ced by many young singers. Section B （ A） The quality of life. （ B） The local economy. （ C） The friends and relatives. （ D） The natural beauty. （ A） The warm and welcoming community. （ B） The improved natural and social environment. （ C） The rich natural resources. （ D） Low pressure and high income
11、from work. （ A） He regrets living in the Pacific Northwest. （ B） He now works in international trade. （ C） He feels inconvenient to contact his friends. （ D） He makes a different choice from his career associates. （ A） The disadvantages of living in the rural area. （ B） The importance of improving l
12、iving environment. （ C） The most important thing in choosing where to live. （ D） The cities which are better-facilitated for outdoor sports. （ A） Young superstars. （ B） Established scholars. （ C） Successful academics. （ D） Masters of a certain field. （ A） During the first half of their careers. （ B）
13、 During the first third of their careers. （ C） During the second half of their careers. （ D） During the last third of their careers. （ A） The age of mentors. （ B） The rank of them in the field. （ C） The amount of training time. （ D） The talent of mentors. （ A） First-born children. （ B） The youngest
14、children. （ C） The neglected children. （ D） Later-born children. （ A） They tend to be more introverted. （ B） They are more likely to pursue perfection. （ C） They are more open to new experiences. （ D） They are more dependent on parents. （ A） They receive full attention from parents for some time. （
15、B） They are born to be more competitive. （ C） They are required to be role models. （ D） They gain experience from their siblings. Section C 26 At an event where all eyes are on new cars from world-class designers, budding automotive designers are getting their feet wet with a show of their own. The
16、Transportation Design Department of Detroits College for Creative Studies(CCS)is【 B1】 _the 2- and 3-D automotive design work of 19 students at the North American International Auto Show this year, as well at the schools A. Alfred Taubman Center for Design Education. “The【 B2】 _auto industry here is
17、dependent on College for Creative Studies,“ said Ed Welburn, Vice President of Global Design at GM and member of the schools Board of Trustees. GM, the large auto company,【 B3】 _, currently has more than 170 CCS graduates on staff. Automakers, including Ford and Honda,【 B4】_programs at the school an
18、d have present industry designers teaching classes there. In addition to【 B5】 _up-and-coming talent, getting a look at automotive design student work also【 B6】 _car companies in other ways. GM regards the design【 B7】 _and tastes of students as one way to【 B8】 _what young car buyers want. “Were getti
19、ng a better understanding of what young people are looking for in a vehicle at this moment,“ Welburn said. This is really a double-winning way. Mark West, who chairs the Transportation Design Department,【 B9】 _the role the mentioned auto company has played in this program, from sponsoring projects t
20、o partnering with the college. According to West, the back-and-forth between the auto industry and CCS【 B10】_in jobs for students. Car companies sponsor 15-week projects that offer the manufacturers a chance to “test drive“ students and their work. Future employers then have an eye on new talent bef
21、ore the students have even graduated. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 On Dialectal TV Programs There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may h
22、ave been【 C1】 _Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems【 C2】 _. Even though we have good【 C3】 _, we may be producing too much, too fast. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is【 C4】 _certain limits on growth. T
23、hese include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible【 C5】 _effects of industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the worlds population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will【 C6】 _. People who want m
24、ore economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These【 C7】 _ of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only
25、 continued growth can provide the【 C8】 _resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization. This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of【 C9】_importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems t
26、hey mention cannot be【 C10】 _ To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another. A)justified F)proponents K)fundamental B)positive G)ignored L)constantly C)financial H)ignorant M)intention D)specification I)en
27、large N)rigidly E)approaching J)decrease O)negative 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 How Exercise Could Lead to a Better Brain A)The value of mental-training games may be speculative, as Dan Hurley writes in his article on the qu
28、est to make ourselves smarter, but there is another, easy-to-achieve, scientifically proven way to make yourself smarter. Go for a walk or a swim. For more than a decade, neuroscientists and physiologists have been gathering evidence of the beneficial relationship between exercise and brainpower. Bu
29、t the newest findings make it clear that this isnt just a relationship; it is the relationship. Using sophisticated technologies to examine the workings of individual neurons(神经元 )and the makeup of brain matter itselfscientists in just the past few months have discovered that exercise appears to bui
30、ld a brain that resists physical shrinkage and enhance cognitive flexibility. Exercise, the latest neuroscience suggests, does more to improve thinking than thinking does. B)The most persuasive evidence comes from several new studies of lab animals living in busy, exciting cages. It has long been kn
31、own that so-called “enriched“ environmentshomes filled with toys and engaging, novel tasks lead to improvements in the brainpower of lab animals. In most instances, such environmental enrichment also includes a running Wheel, because mice and rats generally enjoy running. Until recently, there was l
32、ittle research done to tease out the particular effects of running versus those of playing with new toys or engaging the mind in other ways that dont increase the heart rate. C)So, last year a team of researchers led by Justin S. Rhodes, a psychology professor at the Beckman Institute for Advanced S
33、cience and Technology at the University of Illinois, gathered four groups of mice and set them into four distinct living arrangements. One group lived in a world of sensual and taste plenty, dining on nuts, fruits and cheeses, their food occasionally dusted with cinnamon(肉桂 ), all of it washed down
34、with variously flavored waters. Their “beds“ were small colorful plastic dome-shaped houses occupying one corner of the cage. Neon-hued(霓虹色的 )balls, plastic tunnels, chewable blocks, mirrors and seesaws(跷跷板 )filled other parts of the cage. Group 2 had access to all of these pleasures, plus they had
35、small disc-shaped running wheels in their cages. A third groups cages held no decorations, and they received standard, dull food. And the fourth groups homes contained the running wheels but no other toys or treats. D)All the animals completed a series of cognitive tests at the start of the study an
36、d were injected with a substance that allows scientists to track changes in their brain structures. Then they ran, played or, if their environment was unenriched, stayed lazily in their cages for several months. Afterward, Rhodess team put the mice through the same cognitive tests and examined brain
37、 tissues. It turned out that the toys and tastes, no matter how stimulating, had not improved the animals brains. E)“Only one thing had mattered,“ Rhodes says, “and thats whether they had a running wheel.“ Animals that exercised, whether or not they had any other enrichments in their cages, had heal
38、thier brains and performed significantly better on cognitive tests than the other mice. Animals that didnt run, no matter how enriched their world was otherwise, did not improve their brainpower in the complex, lasting ways that Rhodess team was studying. “They loved the toys,“ Rhodes says, and the
39、mice rarely ventured into the empty, quieter portions of their cages. But unless they also exercised, they did not become smarter. F)Why would exercise build brainpower in ways that thinking might not? The brain, like all muscles and organs, is a tissue, and its function declines with underuse and a
40、ge. Beginning in our late 20s, most of us will lose about 1 percent annually of the volume of the hippocampus(海马区 ), a key portion of the brain related to memory and certain types of learning. G)Exercise though seems to slow or reverse the brains physical decay, much as it does with muscles. Althoug
41、h scientists thought until recently that humans were born with a certain number of brain cells and would never generate more, they now know better. In the 1990s, using a technique that marks newborn cells, researchers determined during examining the dead bodies that adult human brains contained quit
42、e a few new neurons. Fresh cells were especially prevalent in the hippocampus, indicating that neurogenesis(神经形成 )or the creation of new brain cellswas primarily occurring there. Even more encouraging, scientists found that exercise jump-starts neurogenesis. Mice and rats that ran for a few weeks ge
43、nerally had about twice as many new neurons in their hippocampi as motionless animals. Their brains, like other muscles, were bulking up. H)But it was the indescribable effect that exercise had on the functioning of the newly formed neurons that was most startling. Brain cells can improve intellect
44、only if they join the existing neural network, and many do not, instead existing aimlessly in the brain for a while before dying. One way to pull neurons into the network, however, is to learn something. In a 2007 study, new brain cells in mice became looped into the animals neural networks if the m
45、ice learned to navigate(导航 )a water maze(迷宫 ), a task that is cognitively but not physically taxing. But these brain cells were very limited in what they could do. When the researchers studied brain activity afterward, they found that the newly wired cells fired only when the animals navigated the m
46、aze again, not when they practiced other cognitive tasks. The learning encoded in those cells did not transfer to other types of rodent(啮齿动物 )thinking. I)Exercise, on the other hand, seems to make neurons move quickly and easily. When researchers in a separate study had mice run, the animals brains
47、readily wired many new neurons into the neural network. But those neurons didnt fire later only during running. They also lighted up when the animals practiced cognitive skills, like exploring unfamiliar environments. In the mice, running, unlike learning, had created brain cells that could multitas
48、k. J)Just how exercise remakes minds on a molecular level is not yet fully understood, but research suggests that exercise prompts increases in something called brain-derived neurotropic factor(脑源性神经营养因子 ), or B. D. N. F. , a substance that strengthens cells and axons(轴突 ), strengthens the connectio
49、ns among neurons and sparks neurogenesis. Scientists cant directly study similar effects in human brains, but they have found that after physical exercise, most people display higher B. D. N. F. levels in their bloodstreams. K)Few if any researchers think that more B. D. N. F. explains all of the brain changes associated with exercise. The full process almost certainly involves multiple complex biochemical and genetic cascades(
