1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 223及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Broaden Our Knowledge? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1.在信息快速发展的今天，我们应该不断扩大自己的知识面 2.具备宽广知识面
2、的意义 3.为此，我们应该 Section A （ A） To try something different. （ B） To travel and meet people. （ C） To learn different culture. （ D） To save money. （ A） Its not safe for them. （ B） Everyone respect them. （ C） They are easier to find partners. （ D） They only hitchhike in Britain. （ A） By travelling with a
3、woman. （ B） By waiting in a queue. （ C） By meeting different people. （ D） By giving others a hand. （ A） Just hold out ones hands. （ B） Put ones thumb upwards. （ C） Have a sign with big letters on it. （ D） Bring no luggage and be alone. （ A） He keeps forgetting the important things he has to do. （ B）
4、 He has great difficulty remembering Korean words. （ C） He cant find the most helpful Korean dictionary. （ D） His pronunciation of Korean words confuses others. （ A） His poor memory. （ B） His fatigue. （ C） His lack of diligence. （ D） His method. （ A） Because theyre quite impressive with a strong eff
5、ect. （ B） Because they are not so frustrating as other expressions. （ C） Because they are practiced and repeated once and again. （ D） Because they are most peoples favorite words. （ A） Try to retain as many new words as possible. （ B） Practice words at appropriate intervals. （ C） Learn difficult wor
6、ds with the highest frequencies. （ D） Make complicated words simply through repetition. Section B （ A） Traffic accidents. （ B） Radiation. （ C） Train travel. （ D） Air crash. （ A） When the sun is very active and explosions occur. （ B） When it is less than 1,500 miles away from the earth. （ C） When bad
7、 weather occurs more frequently. （ D） When there is less forest on the earth. （ A） They are too far away from the earth. （ B） Our skin is immune to the radiation. （ C） The ozonosphere protects us from it. （ D） The trees can absorb the radiation. （ A） It forces one to form pictures in the mind. （ B）
8、It provides many interesting programs. （ C） It teaches people how to imagine things. （ D） It shows vivid pictures to the listeners. （ A） It can improve ones listening skills. （ B） It gives immediate replies to the listeners. （ C） People can get more immediate information. （ D） People can listen to t
9、he programs for free. （ A） People in radio programs are more active than in television. （ B） People can call the radio station and express opinions. （ C） Radio stations have more topics and fewer commercials. （ D） Radio stations always accept the opinions of listeners. （ A） The benefit of listening
10、to radio programs. （ B） The main disadvantages of televisions. （ C） The advantages of radio compared with television. （ D） The development of radio and television. Section C （ A） Our problems. （ B） Our symptoms. （ C） Our pain. （ D） Our insurance. （ A） Listening. （ B） Caring. （ C） Treating. （ D） Educ
11、ating. （ A） Physical examination. （ B） Laboratory tests. （ C） Medical history. （ D） Complex technology. （ A） The main result. （ B） The chief complaint. （ C） The major treatment. （ D） The leading examination. （ A） There is no difference between loving discipline and child abuse. （ B） A little bit of
12、pain is necessary to teach a child what is right and wrong. （ C） Hitting teaches children to fear their parents, not to respect them. （ D） Child abuse is done out of anger when the parent loses control. （ A） He learns problems should be solved with violence. （ B） He knows the pain is natures way of
13、teaching children. （ C） He understands parents need to control their children better. （ D） He realizes parents are split about corporal punishment. （ A） A child may start misbehaving for the moment. （ B） The corporal punishment teaches parents to be violent. （ C） Many children dont respect their par
14、ents and teachers. （ D） Hitting can lead to more violent behavior in children. （ A） Criminal behavior is totally unrelated to the hearts and souls. （ B） Criminals and criminal behavior are sensitive to environmental cues. （ C） Criminal behavior is not so sensitive to environmental cues. （ D） Crimina
15、l behavior is deep and intrinsic within the hearts and souls. （ A） In the late 1990s. （ B） In the late 1980s. （ C） In the early 1980s. （ D） In the early 1990s. （ A） Because they deleted all crimes. （ B） Because they cleaned up the graffiti. （ C） Because they picked up all the litter. （ D） Because th
16、ey put three changes in place. Section A 26 No one word demonstrated the shift in corporations attention in the mid-1990s from processes to people more vividly than the single word “talent“. Behind the word lies the idea that more and more corporate【 C1】 _ is going to be created by knowledge and by
17、so-called “knowledge workers“. Manual【 C2】 _ is worth less; knowledge is worth more. This has【 C3】 _ shifted the balance of power in the recruitment process. Companies used to be relaxed about finding enough【 C4】 _ people to run their operations. What they could not find they would train, was the us
18、ual attitude. That might take some time, but in a world where people sought jobs for life time was in the companys favour. But talent is not patient, and it is not【 C5】 _ . Many companies found themselves training employees only for them to go on and sell their acquired skills to their【 C6】 _ . So n
19、ow they look for talent that is ready-made. In their eagerness to please this talent, companies have gone to【 C7】 _ lengths to appear especially attractive. They have, for instance, devoted a great deal of effort to the design of their websites, often the first port of call these days for bright you
20、ng potential recruits. They have in many cases【 C8】 _ their HR departments, in part so that they can【 C9】 _ their remuneration (报酬 ) packages more finely for the individuals that they really require. And they have altered their approach to issues such as governance and environmental responsibility b
21、ecause they know that many of the talented people they are seeking want to work for【 C10】 _ and responsible employers. A) subordinates E) rivals I) reconciled M) compromise B) tailor F) reconstructed J) ethical N) faithful C) significantly G) subjectively K) labour O) value D) vigorous H) qualified
22、L) considerable 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Some Suggestions for Pessimists A Obesity and smoking may be the most conspicuous causes of illness in this country, but physical factors dont account for everything. Your psycholo
23、gy namely, your personality and outlook on life can be just as important to your well-being as exercising and eating right. And especially these days, with the worlds economy tumbling toward a depression, its a good time to prevent yourself from slipping into one too. B An entire science has grown u
24、p around the risks of negative thinking (as well as the power of positive psychology), and the latest findings confirm that a pessimistic outlook not only fuels anxiety, which can put people at risk for chronic mental illnesses like depression, but may also cause early death and set people up for a
25、number of minor physical illnesses, ranging from the common cold to heart disease and immune disorders. C Optimism, meanwhile, is associated with a happier and longer life. Over the course of a recent eight-year study, University of Pittsburgh researchers found that optimistic women lived longer tha
26、n pessimistic ones. Which may be good news for the active people out there, but what about the rest of us who arent always so cheerful? Are we destined for sickness and failure? Or is it possible to master the principles of positivity the same way we might learn a new hobby or follow a recipe? D The
27、 answer from the experts seems to be yes. But it does take effort. Seeing the sunny side doesnt come easily. Be an “Optimalist“ E Most people would define optimism as being eternally hopeful, endlessly happy, with a glass thats perpetually half full. But thats exactly the kind of false cheerfulness
28、that positive psychologists wouldnt recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,“ says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor who taught the universitys most popular course, Positive Psychology, from 2002 to 2008. “It certainly doesnt mean thinking everything is great and wonderful.“
29、 F Ben-Shahar, who is the author of Happier and The Pursuit of Perfect, describes realistic optimists as “optimalists“ not those who believe everything happens for the best, but those who make the best of things that happen. G In his own life, Ben-Shahar uses three optimalist exercises, which he cal
30、ls PRP. When he feels down say, after giving a bad lecture he grants himself permission (P) to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction (R). He analyses the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future
31、 about what works and what doesnt. Finally, theres perspective (P), which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesnt matter. H Studies suggest that people who are able to focus on the positive aspects of a negative event basically, cope with failure can protec
32、t themselves from the physical toll of stress and anxiety. In a recent study at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), scientists asked a group of women to give a speech in front of a stone-faced audience of strangers. On the first day, all the participants said they felt threatened, an
33、d they showed fear hormones (荷尔蒙 ). On subsequent days, however, those women who had reported rebounding from a major life crisis in the past no longer felt the same subjective threat over speaking in public. They had learned that this negative event, too, would pass and they would survive. “Its a b
34、ack door to the same positive state because people are able to tolerate and accept the negative,“ says Elissa Epel, one of the psychologists involved in the study. Accept Pain and Sadness I Being optimistic doesnt mean shutting out sad or painful emotions. As a clinical psychologist, Martin Seligman
35、, who runs the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania, says he used to feel proud whenever he helped depressed patients rid themselves of sadness, anxiety or anger. “I thought I would get a happy person,“ he says. “But I never did. What I got was an empty person.“ Thats what pr
36、ompted him to launch the field of positive psychology, with a groundbreaking address to the American Psychological Association in 1998. Instead of focusing only on righting wrongs and lifting misery, he argued, psychologists need to help patients foster good mental health through constructive skills
37、, like Ben-Shahars PRP. The idea is to teach patients to strengthen their strengths rather than simply improve their weaknesses. “Its not enough to clear away the weeds,“ Seligman says. “If you want roses, you have to plant a rose.“ J When a loved one dies or you lose your job, for example, its norm
38、al and healthy to mourn. Youre supposed to feel sad and even depressed. But you cant put yourself in sadness for too long. A study by UCSF researchers of HIV-positive men whose partners had died found that the men who allowed themselves to grieve while also seeking to accept the death were better ab
39、le to bounce back from the tragedy. Men who focused only on the loss as opposed to, say, viewing the death as a relief of their partners suffering, tended to grieve longer, presumably because they couldnt find a way out of their sadness. Smile in Your Profile Picture K If all else fails, try “catchi
40、ng“ happiness from your friends. We are social beings, of course, and our outlook is influenced to no small degree by that of our friends and family. L Christakis and his colleague James Fowler at the University of California, San Diego, are now studying happiness infection in perhaps the largest so
41、cial network of all, Facebook. They noticed that people who smiled in their Facebook profile pictures tended to have other friends who smiled. This might simply be peer pressure at work, with members feeling obliged to flash a smile to fit in with the rest of the group, but Christakis and Fowler are
42、 investigating whether there isnt a more infectious phenomenon at work. M If you still arent convinced that your negative ways can ever be changed, consider this: only about 25% of a persons optimism cannot be changed in his genes, according to some studies. Thats in contrast to the 40% to 60% herit
43、ability (遗传可能性 ) of most other personality traits, like agreeableness and conscientiousness. Science suggests that the greater part of an optimistic outlook can be acquired with the right instruction a theory borne out in a study of college freshmen by Seligman. Pessimistic students who took a 12-we
44、ek optimism-training course devised by Seligman which included exercises like writing a letter of gratitude then reading it aloud to someone were less likely to visit the student health center for illnesses during the next four years than their similarly pessimistic peers who werent tutored in posit
45、ive thinking. And a larger study of more than 3,000 middle-school students who are being taught recovery techniques is under way in England. “Its the largest-scale validation (确认 ) that optimism can be taught,“ says Seligman, who developed the techniques used in the study. N The thing about being op
46、timistic, though, is that it takes hard work and thats a drag. Its an active process, say psychologists, through which you force yourself to see your life a certain way. Indeed, the leading optimism and happiness experts consider themselves born pessimists. But if they have learned over time and wit
47、h lots of practice to become more hopeful, take heart. So can you. 37 If a loved one just died, it is very natural that you feel sad. 38 Healthy optimism means knowing and accepting the reality. 39 Men who viewed death as a relief could better rebound from the grief. 40 The study that has a sample o
48、f 3,000 students proves further that optimism can be taught. 41 An author believes that permission, reconstruction and perspective are optimalist exercises. 42 The latest studies found that pessimistic outlook may increase the risk of suffering mental diseases. 43 People who cope with failure well c
49、an perform better in keeping themselves from being anxious. 44 A person can be a leading optimism expert through learning and practice even though he is a born pessimist. 45 Instead of correcting wrongs only, psychologists need to help patients become mentally healthy through some skills. 46 In social network, people who have smiling pictures in profile are likely to have smiling friends perhaps simply due to peer pressure. Section C 46 Researchers ha
